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General and optimal decay rates for a system of wave equations with damping and a coupled source term

  • In this article, we aim to investigate the decay characteristics of a system consisting of two viscoelastic wave equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions, where the dispersion term and nonlinear weak damping term are taken into account. Under appropriate conditions, we establish both general and optimal decay results. This work generalizes and improves earlier results in the literature.

    Citation: Qian Li, Yanyuan Xing. General and optimal decay rates for a system of wave equations with damping and a coupled source term[J]. AIMS Mathematics, 2024, 9(10): 29404-29424. doi: 10.3934/math.20241425

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  • In this article, we aim to investigate the decay characteristics of a system consisting of two viscoelastic wave equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions, where the dispersion term and nonlinear weak damping term are taken into account. Under appropriate conditions, we establish both general and optimal decay results. This work generalizes and improves earlier results in the literature.



    Fractional calculus represents a significant extension of classical calculus, enabling the analysis of phenomena that cannot be adequately described by integer-order derivatives and integrals. Over the centuries, mathematicians like Euler, Laplace, Riemann, and Liouville contributed to its development. However, it was not until the 20th century that fractional calculus started gaining significant attention and applications. Fractional calculus often provides more accurate and flexible models for real-world phenomena. It can capture memory effects, non-locality, and complex dynamics that traditional integer-order calculus might miss. It has numerous applications in various fields of science and engineering, including: It is applied in the analysis of electromagnetic fields and waves, where fractional derivatives help model complex behaviors. Fractional calculus is utilized in control systems to model and analyze dynamical systems, enhancing the design of controllers for systems with memory effects. In materials science, fractional calculus models the behavior of viscoelastic materials, which exhibit both viscous and elastic characteristics, allowing for a more accurate representation of their stress-strain relationships. For some other applications in various domains, check [1,2,3,4] and the references therein.

    Mathematical inequalities provide a foundational framework for understanding the behavior of functions under integration, leading to significant applications in both theoretical and applied mathematics. Convex integral inequalities are a powerful tool in mathematical analysis, providing relationships between integrals of convex functions and their values at specific points. They find applications in various fields, including probability theory, information theory, and optimization (see [5,6,7,8]). These inequalities are crucial for numerical methods, especially for estimating the error bounds in numerical integration techniques like the trapezoidal rule, Simpson's rule, and others. Several notable integral inequalities have been documented in the literature, including Hermite-Hadamard [9], Newton [10], Simpson [11], Bullen [12], and others.

    Through the use of the different classes of generalized convex mappings, authors have interpreted the double Hermite and Hadamard (H-H) inequality in various ways. The double inequality was proposed by Hermite (1822–1901) and Hadamard (1865–1963). In addition to their contributions to number theory, nonlinear analysis, and complex analysis, Hermite and Hadamard have made significant contributions to other fields as well. To learn more about their contributions, see [13]. This inequality is a significant discovery in convex analysis and is widely used in various fields of applied analysis, particularly optimality analysis. Let us describe it as below.

    Suppose that ψ:ΩRR is a convex mapping defined over the interval Ω of real numbers, as well as ω1,ω2Ω together with ω1ω2. Then one has (see [14]):

    ψ(ω1+ω22)1ω2ω1ω2ω1ψ(θ)dθψ(ω1)+ψ(ω2)2. (1.1)

    This inequality is applied in geometric contexts to determine correlations between a function's value at the midpoint of an interval and its average over that interval. In information theory, the inequality has been used to set boundaries and estimations, especially in relation to quantum integral inequalities and quantum calculus. An effective tool for examining a variety of economic phenomena involving convex functions, such as asset pricing and optimization as well as income distribution and production, is due to Hermite-Hadamard inequality (see [15]).

    The bidimensional convex function is primarily used to prove that all convex mappings are convex over their coordinates. Additionally, there are bidimensional convex functions that are not convex (see, for instance, [16]). Hermite-Hadamard type inequality of the following kind was established for convex co-ordinated mappings on R2, that is:

    Let a function ψ:[ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4]R2R is convex across its coordinate plane. Then, we have the following double inequalities (see [17]):

    4ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)[1ω2ω1ω2ω1ψ(x,ω3+ω42)dx+1ω4ω3ω4ω3ψ(ω1+ω22,y)dy]1(ω2ω1)(ω4ω3)ω2ω1ω4ω3ψ(x,y)dydx[1ω2ω1ω2ω1[ψ(x,ω3)+ψ(x,ω4)]dx+1ω4ω3ω4ω3[ψ(ω1,y)+ψ(ω2,y)]dy]ψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω4)+ψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω4). (1.2)

    First, the authors in [18] employed inclusion order and interval-valued functions for two-dimensional double inequality and proposed a number of innovative variations of inequalities in terms of inclusions. They further show that when the interval is wrapped, these results generalize many earlier discoveries. In [19], the authors provide several new refinements and reversals for bidimensional double inequality using s-convex mappings on the rectangular plane. Furthermore, this inequality has been investigated using different types of convex mappings as well as integral operators. For example, in [20], the authors used different types of convex, continuous, and differentiable mappings and found various bounds of double inequalities. In [21], the authors define two variable logarithmic convex mappings and develop Hermite-Hadamard inequality with applications. In [22], the authors define two-dimensional preinvex type mappings and develop various types of Hermite-Hadamard inequalities. In [23], the authors exploited the q-jackson quantum double integral on the plane to established the double inequality with its fascinating applications in quantum calculus. Kalsoom et al. [24] used quantum integrals to established the Fejer and Pachapatte type inequalities utilizing two different forms of invex mappings. In [25], authors introduced a new type of fractional integral operators with singular kernels to develop Hermite-Hadamard inequality by employing several types of integral identities. In the realm of interval maps, Shi et al. [26] created multiple new bounds for double Hermite-Hadamard inequality using two types of generalized convex mappings. Zareen et al. [27] exploited generalized double fractional integrals and generated numerous novel Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities with coordinated convex mappings. Saeed et al. [28] employed generalized double fractional integrals to establish numerous novel Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities over convex set relevant to fuzzy-number-valued settings using coordinated convex mappings. In [29], the authors refined the Hadamard inequality for coordinated convex functions and explored their applications. Afzal et al. [30] exploited coordinated convex mappings to produce Hermite-Hadamard, Pachpatte, and Fejer type integral inequalities using innovative fractional integral operators via fully interval-order relations. For some further recent advancements for coordinated convex mappings, we refer to [31,32,33,34] and the references therein.

    Since this article mainly deals with a cr-interval order relations, we should recollect recent advancements focusing on center-radius order relations using some other form of convex mapping. The concept of cr-order was introduced for the first time by the authors in [35] in 2014. This relation is more compatible than other order relations and has several additional properties that other interval order relations do not have. Based on their work, authors in [36] defined a new type of convex mapping for convex optimizing problems in the realm of cr-order. Liu et al. [37,38] first created discrete versions of Jensen and Hermite-Hadamard inequalities utilizing two distinct kinds of generalized convex mappings employing cr-order as a result of these discoveries. Khan and Saad [39] created several novel bounds for various kinds of double inequalities by utilizing superquadratic functions in the relam of fractional frame of reference via cr-order relation. Fahad et al. [40] used geometric and arithmetic-cr-convex functions to explore characteristics and several applications related to entropy and means. Using the concepts of cr-order and various classes of convex and Godunova-Levin functions, the authors of [41,42,43,44] generated a number of novel inequalities connected to these findings with applications. For more recent developments on comparable results using different types of related convex classes, see [45,46,47,48,49] and the references therein.

    "Order relations" and "convex mappings" are the basic concepts for adjusting inequalities within interval set-valued mappings. Despite that, authors have extensively used the interval partial order relation "p" to develop different types of inequalities and analyze that this type of order relation though it is not very suitable for adjusting inequalities in interval maps because there are some inequalities that are not adjusted under the same assumptions. For instance, please see reference [50] in which several major results are not developed in interval maps. To overcome this limitation, the authors established a new sort of order relation known as cr-order, whose definition is now standard. This is considered a natural generalization of all recently developed order relations such as inclusion, left-right, pseudo, up and down, and various others. Furthermore, the cr-order is full order, which means it possesses all relational features between intervals, including reflexivity, anti-symmetry, transitivity, and comparability, but the inclusion partial order relation lacks comparability between two intervals.

    Inspired by well built appropriate literature, particularly these works [18,24,39,40,41], we derived a novel and improved form of inequalities employing cr-interval order. This paper is organized into five sections, beginning with an introduction and fundamental discussion of the subject connected to preliminary. In Section 3, we first show that double integral preserves cr-order, and then we show that the newly developed mappings after we apply cr-order, including midpoint and center, are both convex in nature. Next, we developed different variants of double inequalities that generalize various previous findings. Finally, in Section 4, we provide a precise conclusion and some future prospects.

    In this section, we discuss some basic concepts related to fractional and interval calculus. Further some key concepts are not thoroughly discussed here, thus we refer to [39].

    Ri: intervals in R;

    ψ_=¯ψ: interval maps become dysfunctional;

    : inclusion interval order;

    cr: cr-interval order;

    : basic order;

    ivfs: interval-valued functions.

    Let R be the one-dimensional Euclidean space, and consider Rc the family of all non-empty compact convex subsets of R, that is

    Rc={[ω1,ω2]:ω1,ω2Randω1ω2}.

    To define the Hausdorff metric in Rc, use this formula:

    D(ω1,ω2)=max{d(ω1,ω2),d(ω2,ω1)}, (2.1)

    where d(ω1,ω2)=supνω1d(ν,ω2), and d(ν,ω2)=minμω2d(ν,μ)=minμω2|νμ|.

    Remark 2.1. The Hausdorff metric described in (2.1) is alternatively represented in the following manner:

    H([ω1_,¯ω1],[ω2_,¯ω2])=max{|ω1_ω2_|,|¯ω1¯ω2|}.

    In interval space, we call this the Moore metric.

    For instance, if H1=[ω1_,¯ω1] and H2=[ω2_,¯ω2] are two closed intervals, then the Minkowski sum, scalar multiplication, and difference are defined as follows:

    H1+H2={ω1+ω2ω1H1,ω2H2} andΓH1={Γω1ω1H1}

    and

    H1H2=[ω1_¯ω2,¯ω1ω2_],

    with the product

    H1H2=[min{ω1ω2_,ω1_¯ω2,¯ω1ω2_,¯ω1¯ω2},sup{ω1ω2_,ω1_¯ω2,¯ω1ω2_,¯ω1¯ω2}],

    and the division

    H1H2=[min{ω1_ω2_,ω1¯ω2,¯ω1ω2_,¯ω1¯ω2},max{ω1_¯ω2,ω1_¯ω2,¯ω1ω2_,¯ω1¯ω2}],

    where 0H2.

    The order relation that permeates our primary findings is outlined by Bhunia and Samanta [51]; it is commonly referred to as center-radius order.

    Definition 2.1. [41] For any two intervals the center-radius order relation is defined as H1=[ω1_,¯ω2]=ωc,ωr=ω1_+¯ω22,¯ω2ω1_2, H2=[Ω1_,¯Ω2]=Ωc,Ωr=Ω1_+¯Ω22,¯Ω2Ω1_2, where

    H1crH2{ωc<Ωc,ifωcΩc;ωrΩr,ifωr=Ωr.

    The relation cr satisfies the following relational properties for any three intervals H1=[ω1_,¯ω2]=ωc,ωr, H2=[Ω1_,¯Ω2]=Ωc,Ωr and H3=[η1_,¯η2]=ηc,ηr: Reflexivity: H1crH1. Anti-symmetry: H1crH2 and H2crH1. Transitivity: H1crH2 and H2crH3, then H1crH3. Comparability: H2crH3 or H3crH2.

    Theorem 2.1. [42] Let ψ:[ω1,ω2]Rc be an ivfs represented by ψ(ω)=[ψ_(ω),¯ψ(ω)]. ψIR([ω1,ω2]), iff ψ_(ω),¯ψ(ω)R([ω1,ω2]) and

    (I R)ω2ω1ψ(ω)dω=[(R)ω2ω1ψ_(ω)dω,(R)ω2ω1¯ψ(ω)dω].

    Theorem 2.2. [41] Let ψ,χ:[ω1,ω2]Rc be an ivfs defined by χ=[χ_,¯χ],ψ=[ψ_,¯ψ]. If ψ(ω)crχ(ω) for all ω[ω1,ω2], then

    ω2ω1ψ(ω)dωcrω2ω1χ(ω)dω.

    Theorem 2.3. [18] Let Δ=[ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4]. If ψ:ΔRc is UD-integrable over Δ, then we have

    (UD)Δψ(ω,Ω)dA=(I R)ω2ω1(I R)ω4ω3ψ(ω,Ω)dωdΩ.

    Using Zhao et al. [18] concept of interval-valued double integrals, we provide the following definitions for Hadamard and Katugampola integrals as follows:

    Definition 2.2. Let ψIR([ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4]). For bidimensional interval-valued functions, the Hadamard integrals of order θ1,θ2>0 with ω1,ω30 are represented as

    Gθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+ψ(x,y):=1Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)xω1yω3(lnxt)θ11(lnys)θ21ψ(t,s)tsdtds,x>ω1,y>ω3,Gθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4ψ(x,y):=1Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)xω1ω4y(lnxt)θ11(lnsy)θ21ψ(t,s)tsdtds,x>ω1,y<ω4,Gθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+ψ(x,y):=1Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)ω2xyω3(lntx)θ11(lnys)θ21ψ(t,s)tsdtds,x<ω2,y>ω3,

    and

    Gθ1,θ2ω2,ω4ψ(x,y):=1Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)ω2xω4y(lntx)θ11(lnys)θ21ψ(t,s)tsdtds,x<ω2,y<ω4.

    Definition 2.3. Let ψIR([ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4]). For bidimensional interval-valued functions, the Katugampola fractional integrals are defined as

    η,σIθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+ψ(x,y):=η1θ1σ1θ2Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)xω1yω3tη1[xηtη]1θ1sσ1[yσsσ]1θ2ψ(t,s)dtds,x>ω1,y>ω3,η,σIθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4ψ(x,y):=η1θ1σ1θ2Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)xω1ω4ytη1[xηtη]1θ1sσ1[sσyσ]1θ2ψ(t,s)dtds,x>ω1,y<ω4,η,σIθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+ψ(x,y):=η1θ1σ1θ2Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)yxyω3tη1[tηxη]1θ1sσ1)[yσsσ]1θ2ψ(t,s)dtds,x<ω2,y>ω3,

    and

    η,σIθ1,θ2ω2,ω4ψ(x,y):=η1θ1σ1θ2Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)ω2xω4ttη1[tηxη]1θ1sσ1[sσyσ]1θ2ψ(t,s)dtds,x<ω2,y<ω4.

    We have now established a new type of double fractional integral operators under cr-order that generalize various existing operators by specifying different sorts of functions.

    Definition 2.4. Let ζ:[ω1,ω2]R be a increasing and positive monotone function on (ω1,ω2], having a continuous derivative on (ω1,ω2), and let κ:[ω3,ω4]R be a increasing and positive monotone function on (ω3,ω4], having a continuous derivative on (ω3,ω4). Let ψIR([ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4]). The fractional integral operators for interval-valued functions of two variables are defined by

    Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κψ(x,y):=1Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)xω1yω3ζ(t)[ζ(x)ζ(t)]1θ1κ(s)[κ(y)κ(s)]1θ2ψ(t,s)dtds,x>ω1,y>ω3,Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4;ζ,κψ(x,y):=1Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)xω1ω4yζ(t)[ζ(x)ζ(t)]1θ1κ(s)[κ(s)κ(y)]1θ2ψ(t,s)dtds,x>ω1,y<ω4,Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+;ζ,κψ(x,y):=1Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)ω2xyω3ζ(t)[ζ(t)ζ(x)]1θ1κ(s)[κ(y)κ(s)]1θ2ψ(t,s)dtds,x<ω2,y>ω3,

    and

    Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω4;ζ,κψ(x,y):=1Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)ω2xω4yζ(t)[ζ(t)ζ(x)]1θ1κ(s)[κ(s)κ(y)]1θ2ψ(t,s)dtds,x<ω2,y<ω4

    for θ1,θ2>0.

    Similar to the preceding definitions, we can provide the following integrals:

    Jθ1ω1+;ζψ(x,ω3+ω42):=1Γ(θ1)(I R)xω1ζ(t)[ζ(x)ζ(t)]1θ1ψ(t,ω3+ω42)dt,x>ω1,Jθ1ω2;ζψ(x,ω3+ω42):=1Γ(θ1)(I R)ω2xζ(t)[ζ(t)ζ(x)]1θ1ψ(t,ω3+ω42)dt,x<ω2,Jθ2ω3+;κψ(ω1+ω22,y):=1Γ(θ2)(I R)yω3κ(t)[κ(y)κ(s)]1θ2ψ(ω1+ω22,s)ds,y>ω3,

    and

    Jθ2ω4;κψ(ω1+ω22,y):=1Γ(θ2)(I R)yω3κ(t)[κ(s)κ(y)]1θ2ψ(ω1+ω22,s)ds,y<ω4.

    Next, according to the definition provided by the authors [17,18], we discuss the bidimensional convexity via classical and interval order relation.

    Definition 2.5. [17] Let ψ:Ω=[ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4]R2R+ be a two-variable convex function if

    ψ(s1ω1+(1s1)ω2,r1ω3+(1r1)ω4)r1s1ψ(ω1,ω3)+s1(1r1)ψ(ω1,ω4)+r1(1s1)ψ(ω2,ω3)+(1s1)(1r1)ψ(ω2,ω4)

    holds true for every (ω1,ω2),(ω3,ω4)Ω along with r1,s1[0,1].

    Definition 2.6. [18] Let ψ:Ω=[ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4]R2Ri+ be a two-variable set-valued convex mapping defined as ψ=[ψ_(ω,Ω),¯ψ(ω,Ω)] with 0ω1<ω2,0ω3<ω4, then we have

    ψ(s1ω1+(1s1)ω2,r1ω3+(1r1)ω4)r1s1ψ(ω1,ω3)+s1(1r1)ψ(ω1,ω4)+r1(1s1)ψ(ω2,ω3)+(1s1)(1r1)ψ(ω2,ω4)

    holds true for every (ω1,ω2),(ω3,ω4)Ω along with r1,s1[0,1].

    Definition 2.7. [52] Let ψ:Ω=[ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4]R2Ri+ be a two-variable set-valued strongly convex mapping defined as ψ=[ψ_(ω,Ω),¯ψ(ω,Ω)] with 0ω1<ω2,0ω3<ω4 and κ1,κ2 are positive real numbers, then we have

    ψ(s1ω1+(1s1)ω2,r1ω3+(1r1)ω4)r1s1ψ(ω1,ω3)+s1(1r1)ψ(ω1,ω4)+r1(1s1)ψ(ω2,ω3)+(1s1)(1r1)ψ(ω2,ω4)κ1s1(1s1)(ω1ω2)22κ2r1(1r1)(ω3ω4)2

    holds true for every (ω1,ω2),(ω3,ω4)Ω along with r1,s1[0,1].

    Definition 2.8. [46] Let ψ:Ω=[ω1,ω2]Ri+ be a ivfs defined as ψ=[ψ_(ω),¯ψ(ω)] with 0ω1<ω2. Then ψ is cr-convex if

    ψ(r1ω1+(1r1)ω2)crr1ψ(ω1)+(1r1)ψ(ω2)

    holds true for every (ω1,ω2)Ω along with r1[0,1].

    Motivated by the aforementioned definitions, we now effectively extend Definition 2.8 into R2 by the use of cr-order.

    Definition 2.9. Let ψ:Ω=[ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4]R2Ri+ be a two-variable set-valued cr convex mapping defined as ψ=[ψ_(ω,Ω),¯ψ(ω,Ω)] with 0ω1<ω2,0ω3<ω4, then we have

    ψ(s1ω1+(1s1)ω2,r1ω3+(1r1)ω4)crr1s1ψ(ω1,ω3)+s1(1r1)ψ(ω1,ω4)+r1(1s1)ψ(ω2,ω3)+(1s1)(1r1)ψ(ω2,ω4)

    holds true for every (ω1,ω2),(ω3,ω4)Ω along with r1,s1[0,1].

    Remark 2.2. (1) If ψ_¯ψ, we have Definition 2, as stated by Zhao et al. in [18] and Definition 6, as stated by Khan et al. in [53].

    (2) If ψ_=¯ψ, we have Definition 2.1, as stated by Silvestru Sever in [17].

    Example 2.1. Let ψ:[ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4]R2Ri+ be a two variable set-valued function defined as (see Figure 1)

    ψ=[ω2Ω210e5ωΩ+17e4ωΩ+7,2ω2+2Ω2+12e5ωΩ+1+10e4ωΩ+9],(ω,Ω)[1,1]×[1,1]. (2.2)
    Figure 1.  pictorial view of the cr set-valued function ψ.

    Then (see Figure 2),

    ψc=ω2+Ω2+2e5ωΩ+1+3e4ωΩ+162andψr=3ω2+3Ω2+22e5ωΩ+1+17e4ωΩ+22. (2.3)
    Figure 2.  pictorial view of the cr set-valued functions ψc and ψr.

    In this section, we first show that double integral preserves cr-order, and then we show that the newly developed mappings after we apply cr-order, including midpoint and center, are both convex in nature. Finally, we developed different variants of double inequalities that generalize various previous findings.

    Theorem 3.1. Let ψ,ϕ:[ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4]Rc given by ϕ=[ϕ_(ω,Ω),¯ϕ(ω,Ω)], and ψ=[ψ_(ω,Ω),¯ψ(ω,Ω)]. If ψ,ϕ IR([ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4]), and ψ(ω,Ω)crϕ(ω,Ω) for all ω,Ω[ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4]Rc, then

    Δψ(ω,Ω)dA=ω2ω1ω4ω3ψ(ω,Ω)dωdΩcrω2ω1ω4ω3ϕ(ω,Ω)dωdΩ.

    Proof. Since ψ(ω,Ω)crϕ(ω,Ω) for all ω,Ω[ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4]Rc, then we have

    {ψc(ω,Ω)crϕc(ω,Ω), ifψc(ω,Ω)ϕc(ω,Ω),ψr(ω,Ω)crϕr(ω,Ω), ifψr(ω,Ω)ϕr(ω,Ω).

    Since ψ,ϕ IR([ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4]), by Theorem 2.1, we have ψ_(ω,Ω),¯ψ(ω,Ω),ϕ_(ω,Ω),¯ϕ(ω,Ω)IR([ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4]). When ψc(ω,Ω)ϕc(ω,Ω),ω,Ω[ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4], then

    ω2ω1ω4ω3(ψ_(ω,Ω)+¯ψ(ω,Ω))dωdΩω2ω1ω4ω3(ϕ_(ω,Ω)+¯ϕ(ω,Ω))dωdΩ.

    That is

    ω2ω1ω4ω3ψ(ω,Ω)dωdΩcrω2ω1ω4ω3ϕ(ω,Ω)dωdΩ.

    When ψc(ω,Ω)=ϕc(ω,Ω),ω,Ω[ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4], then

    ω2ω1ω4ω3(¯ψ(ω,Ω)ψ_(ω,Ω))dωdΩω2ω1ω4ω3(¯ϕ(ω,Ω)ϕ_(ω,Ω))dωdΩ.

    That is

    ω2ω1ω4ω3ψ(ω,Ω)dωdΩcrω2ω1ω4ω3ϕ(ω,Ω)dωdΩ.

    This completes the proof.

    Now, we have defined a coordinated strongly convex mapping utilizing the center-radius ordering relation.

    Definition 3.1. Let ψ:Ω=[ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4]R2Ri+ be a two-variable cr set-valued strongly convex mapping defined as ψ=[ψ_(ω,Ω),¯ψ(ω,Ω)] with 0ω1<ω2,0ω3<ω4 and κ1,κ2 are positive real numbers, then we have

    ψ(s1ω1+(1s1)ω2,r1ω3+(1r1)ω4)crr1s1ψ(ω1,ω3)+s1(1r1)ψ(ω1,ω4)+r1(1s1)ψ(ω2,ω3)+(1s1)(1r1)ψ(ω2,ω4)κ1s1(1s1)(ω1ω2)22κ2r1(1r1)(ω3ω4)2

    holds true for every (ω1,ω2),(ω3,ω4)Ω along with r1,s1[0,1].

    Proposition 3.1. Let ψ:Ω=[ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4]R2Ri+ be a two-variable set-valued function represented as ψ=[ψ_(ω,Ω),¯ψ(ω,Ω)] with 0ω1<ω2,0ω3<ω4 and κ1,κ2. Then ψ is set-valued cr-strongly convex iff ψc and ψr are strongly convex functions.

    Proof. As ψc and ψr are strongly coordinated convex in nature, then for all (ω1,ω2),(ω3,ω4)[0,1]×[0,1], we have

    ψc(s1ω1+(1s1)ω2,r1ω3+(1r1)ω4)crr1s1ψc(ω1,ω3)+s1(1r1)ψc(ω1,ω4)+r1(1s1)ψc(ω2,ω3)+(1s1)(1r1)ψ(ω2,ω4)κ1s1(1s1)(ω1ω2)22κ2r1(1r1)(ω3ω4)2,

    and

    ψr(s1ω1+(1s1)ω2,r1ω3+(1r1)ω4)crr1s1ψr(ω1,ω3)+s1(1r1)ψc(ω1,ω4)+r1(1s1)ψr(ω2,ω3)+(1s1)(1r1)ψ(ω2,ω4)κ1s1(1s1)(ω1ω2)22κ2r1(1r1)(ω3ω4)2.

    Now, if

    ψc(s1ω1+(1s1)ω2,r1ω3+(1r1)ω4)r1s1ψc(ω1,ω3)+s1(1r1)ψc(ω1,ω4)+r1(1s1)ψc(ω2,ω3)+(1s1)(1r1)ψ(ω2,ω4)κ1s1(1s1)(ω1ω2)22κ2r1(1r1)(ω3ω4)2.

    This implies

    ψc(s1ω1+(1s1)ω2,r1ω3+(1r1)ω4)crr1s1ψc(ω1,ω3)+s1(1r1)ψc(ω1,ω4)+r1(1s1)ψc(ω2,ω3)+(1s1)(1r1)ψ(ω2,ω4)κ1s1(1s1)(ω1ω2)22κ2r1(1r1)(ω3ω4)2.

    Otherwise, we have

    ψr(s1ω1+(1s1)ω2,r1ω3+(1r1)ω4)r1s1ψr(ω1,ω3)+s1(1r1)ψc(ω1,ω4)+r1(1s1)ψr(ω2,ω3)+(1s1)(1r1)ψ(ω2,ω4)κ1s1(1s1)(ω1ω2)22κ2r1(1r1)(ω3ω4)2.

    This implies

    ψr(s1ω1+(1s1)ω2,r1ω3+(1r1)ω4)crr1s1ψr(ω1,ω3)+s1(1r1)ψc(ω1,ω4)+r1(1s1)ψr(ω2,ω3)+(1s1)(1r1)ψ(ω2,ω4)κ1s1(1s1)(ω1ω2)22κ2r1(1r1)(ω3ω4)2.

    This can be summed up as follows using the Definition 3.1 and the previously mentioned results:

    ψ(s1ω1+(1s1)ω2,r1ω3+(1r1)ω4)crr1s1ψ(ω1,ω3)+s1(1r1)ψ(ω1,ω4)+r1(1s1)ψ(ω2,ω3)+(1s1)(1r1)ψ(ω2,ω4)κ1s1(1s1)(ω1ω2)22κ2r1(1r1)(ω3ω4)2.

    This concludes the proof.

    In this section, we employ coordinated center and radius order relations to create various new bounds for double inequality. Let ψIR([ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4]). First, we specify the functions that will be utilized frequently:

    ψ1(ω,Ω)=ψ(ω1+ω2ω,Ω),ψ2(ω,Ω)=ψ(ω,ω3+ω4Ω),ψ3(ω,Ω)=ψ(ω1+ω2ω,ω3+ω4Ω),G(ω,Ω)=ψ(ω,Ω)+ψ2(ω,Ω),H(ω,Ω)=ψ(ω,Ω)+ψ1(ω,Ω),K(ω,Ω)=ψ1(ω,Ω)+ψ3(ω,Ω),L(ω,Ω)=ψ2(ω,Ω)+ψ3(ω,Ω),F(ω,Ω)=ψ1(ω,Ω)+ψ2(ω,Ω)+ψ3(ω,Ω)+ψ(ω,Ω)=G(ω,Ω)+H(ω,Ω)+K(ω,Ω)+L(ω,Ω)2.

    Theorem 3.2. Let ζ:[ω1,ω2]R be a increasing and positive monotone function on (ω1,ω2], having a continuous derivative on (ω1,ω2), and let κ:[ω3,ω4]R be a increasing and positive monotone function on (ω3,ω4], having a continuous derivative on (ω3,ω4). Let ψIR([ω1,ω2]×[ω3,ω4]), then for θ1,θ2>0 the following Hermite-Hadamard-type relation hold:

    4ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)crΓ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)4[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2×[Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κψ(ω2,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4;ζ,κψ(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+;ζ,κψ(ω1,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω4;ζ,κψ(ω1,ω3)]crψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω4)+ψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω4). (3.1)

    Proof. As ψ represents a set-valued coordinated cr-convex mapping on Δ, we have

    ψ(κ1+κ22,κ3+κ42)crψ(κ1,κ3)+ψ(κ1,κ4)+ψ(κ3,κ1)+ψ(κ2,κ4)4, (3.2)

    for (κ1,κ3),(κ2,κ4)Δ. Now, for t,s[0,1], let κ1=tω1+(1t)ω2,κ2=(1t)ω1+tω2,κ3=ω3s+(1s)ω4, and κ4=(1s)ω3+sω4. Then, we have

    4ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)crψ(tω1+(1t)ω2,sω3+(1s)ω4)+ψ(tω1+(1t)ω2,(1s)ω3+sω4)+ψ((1t)ω1+tω2,sω3+(1s)ω4)+ψ((1t)ω1+tω2,(1s)ω3+sω4). (3.3)

    Multiply the above relation by ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)[ζ(ω2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)]1θ1κ((1s)ω3+sω4)[κ(ω4)κ((1s)ω3+sω4)]1θ2, then integrate the resulting relation with respect to t,s over [0,1]×[0,1], we get

    (ω2ω1)(ω4ω3)Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)(I R)1010[ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)[ζ(ω2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)]1θ1κ((1s)ω3+sω4)[κ(ω4)κ((1s)ω3+sω4)]1θ2]dtdscr(ω2ω1)(ω4ω3)4Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)1010[ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)[ζ(ω2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)]1θ1κ((1s)ω3+sω4)[κ(ω4)κ((1s)ω3+sω4)]1θ2ψ(tω1+(1t)ω2,sω3+(1s)ω4)]dtds+(ω2ω1)(ω4ω3)4Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)( IR)1010[ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)[ζ(ω2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)]1θ1κ((1s)ω3+sω4)[κ(ω4)κ((1s)ω3+sω4)]1θ2ψ(tω1+(1t)ω2,(1s)ω3+sω4)]dtds+(ω2ω1)(ω4ω3)4Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)1010[ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)[ζ(ω2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)]1θ1κ((1s)ω3+sω4)[κ(ω4)κ((1s)ω3+sω4)]1θ2ψ((1t)ω1+tω2,sω3+(1s)ω4)]dtds+(ω2ω1)(ω4ω3)4Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)1010[ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)[ζ(ω2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)]1θ1κ((1s)ω3+sω4)[κ(ω4)κ((1s)ω3+sω4)]1θ2ψ((1t)ω1+tω2,(1s)ω3+sω4)]dtds.

    Using basic computation, we have

    (I R)1010ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)[ζ(ω2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)]1θ1κ((1s)ω3+sω4)[κ(ω4)κ((1s)ω3+sω4)]1θ2dtds=[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2θ1θ2(ω2ω1)(ω4ω3).

    Making use of the variable change τ=(1t)ω1+tω2 and η=(1s)ω3+sω4, we obtain

    [ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2Γ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)cr14Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)ω2ω1ω4ω3ζ(τ)[ζ(ω2)ζ(τ)]1θ1κ(η)[κ(ω4)κ(η)]1θ2ψ(ω1+ω2τ,ω3+ω4η)dηdτ+14Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)ω2ω1ω4ω3ζ(τ)[ζ(ω2)ζ(τ)]1θ1κ(η)[κ(ω4)κ(η)]1θ2ψ(ω1+ω2τ,η)dηdτ+14Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)ω2ω1ω4ω3ζ(τ)[ζ(ω2)ζ(τ)]1θ1κ(η)[κ(ω4)κ(η)]1θ2ψ(τ,ω3+ω4η)dηdτ+14Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)ω4ω1ω4ω3ζ(τ)[ζ(ω2)ζ(τ)]1θ1κ(η)[κ(ω4)κ(η)]1θ2ψ(τ,η)dηdτ=14[Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κψ3(ω2.ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+:ζ,κψ1(ω2.ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κψ2(ω2.ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κψ(ω2,ω4)]=14Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κψ(ω2,ω4). (3.4)

    That is, we have

    [ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2Γ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)cr14Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κψ(ω2,ω4). (3.5)

    In a similar manner, multiplying (3.3) on both sides by

    (ω2ω1)(ω4ω3)Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)[ζ(ω2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)]1θ1κ((1s)ω3+sω4)[κ((1s)ω3+sω4)κ(ω3)]1θ2,

    and by integrating the above relation across [0,1]×[0,1], we get

    [ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2Γ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)cr14Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4;ζ,κψ(ω2,ω3). (3.6)

    Moreover, multiplying both sides of (3.3) by

    (ω2ω1)(ω4ω3)Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)[ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)ζ(ω1)]1θ1κ((1s)ω3+sω4)[κ(ω4)κ((1s)ω3+sω4)]1θ2,

    and

    (ω2ω1)(ω4ω3)Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)[ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)ζ(ω1)]1θ1κ((1s)ω3+sω4)[κ((1s)ω3+sω4)κ(ω3)]1θ2,

    then incorporating the aforementioned relation with reference to t,s across [0,1]×[0,1], we get

    [ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2Γ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)cr14Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+;ζ,κψ(ω1,ω4), (3.7)

    and

    [ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2Γ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)cr14Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω4;ζ,κψ(ω1,ω3), (3.8)

    respectively.

    Summing the relations (3.5) to (3.8), we have

    ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)crΓ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)16[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2×[Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κψ(ω2,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+;ζ,κψ(ω1,ω3)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+;ζ,κψ(ω1,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω4;ζ,κψ(ω1,ω3)]. (3.9)

    This concludes the demonstration of the first part of relation in (3.1). To prove the second part in (3.1), again taking into account bidimensional convex mappings, we have

    ψ(tω1+(1t)ω2,sω3+(1s)ω4)+ψ(tω1+(1t)ω2,(1s)ω3+sω4)+ψ((1t)ω1+tω2,sω3+(1s)ω4)+ψ((1t)ω1+tω2,(1s)ω3+sω4)crψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω4)+ψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω4). (3.10)

    Multiplying both sides of (3.10) by

    (ω2ω1)(ω4ω3)Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)[ζ(ω2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)]1θ1κ((1s)ω3+sω4)[κ(ω4)κ((1s)ω3+sω4)]1θ2,

    then incorporating the aforementioned relation with reference to t,s across [0,1]×[0,1], we get

    (ω2ω1)(ω4ω3)Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)1010[ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)[ζ(ω2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)]1θ1κ((1s)ω3+sω4)[κ(ω4)κ((1s)ω3+sω4)]1θ2ψ(tω1+(1t)ω2,sω3+(1s)ω4)]dtds+(ω2ω1)(ω4ω3)Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)1010[ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)[ζ(ω2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)]1θ1κ((1s)ω3+sω4)[κ(ω4)κ((1s)ω3+sω4)]1θ2ψ(tω1+(1t)ω2,(1s)ω3+sω4)]dtds+(ω2ω1)(ω4ω3)Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)(I R)1010[ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)[ζ(ω2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)]1θ1κ((1s)ω3+sω4)[κ(ω4)κ((1s)ω3+sω4)]1θ2ψ((1t)ω1+tω2,sω3+(1s)ω4)]dtds+(ω2ω1)(ω4ω3)Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)1010[ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)[ζ(ω2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)]1θ1κ((1s)ω3+sω4)[κ(ω4)κ((1s)ω3+sω4)]1θ2ψ((1t)ω1+tω2,(1s)ω3+sω4)]dtds2(ω2ω1)(ω4ω3)Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)[ψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω4)+ψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω4)]×(I R)10ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)[ζ(ω2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)]1θ1κ((1s)ω3+sω4)[κ(ω4)κ((1s)ω3+sω4)]1θ2dtds.

    Then, we get

    Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κψ3(ω2.ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κψ1(ω2.ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κψ2(ω2.ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κψ(ω2,ω4)cr[ψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω4)+ψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω4)][ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2Γ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1), (3.11)

    that is,

    Γ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κψ(ω2,ω4)crψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω4)+ψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω4). (3.12)

    Similarly, multiplying both sides of (3.10) by

    (ω2ω1)(ω4ω3)Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)[ζ(ω2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)]1θ1κ((1s)ω3+sω4)[κ((1s)ω3+sω4)κ(ω3)]1θ2,(ω2ω1)(ω4ω3)Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)[ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)ζ(ω1)]1θ1κ((1s)ω3+sω4)[κ(ω4)κ((1s)ω3+sω4)]1θ2,

    and

    (ω2ω1)(ω4ω3)Γ(θ1)Γ(θ2)ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)[ζ((1t)ω1+tω2)ζ(ω1)]1θ1κ((1s)ω3+sω4)[κ((1s)ω3+sω4)κ(ω3)]1θ2,

    and then incorporating the aforementioned relation with reference to t,s across [0,1]×[0,1], we get

    Γ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4;ζ,κψ(ω2,ω3)crψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω4)+ψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω4),Γ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+;ζ,κψ(ω1,ω4)crψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω4)+ψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω4), (3.13)

    and

    Γ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3;ζ,κψ(ω1,ω3)crψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω4)+ψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω4). (3.14)

    By adding the relations (3.12) to (3.14), we have

    Γ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2×[Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κψ(ω2,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4;ζ,κψ(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+;ζ,κψ(ω1,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω4;ζκψ(ω1,ω3)]cr4[ψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω4)+ψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω4)]. (3.15)

    Dividing both sides of relation (3.15) by 16 yields the second relation in (3.1). This concludes the proof.

    Remark 3.1. The relationship for set-valued Riemann-Liouville integrals is as follows if we take into account ζ(ω)=ω and κ(Ω)=Ω with ψ_¯ψ in Theorem 3.2:

    4ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)Γ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)(ω2ω1)θ1(ω4ω3)θ2[Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+ψ(ω2,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4ψ(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+ψ(ω1,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω4ψ(ω1,ω3)]ψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω4)+ψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω4),

    which was proved by the authors in [54].

    Remark 3.2. The relationship for Riemann integrals is as follows if we take into account ζ(ω)=ω and κ(Ω)=Ω,θ1=θ2=1 with ψ_¯ψ in Theorem 3.2:

    4ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)4(ω2ω1)(ω4ω3)ω2ω1ω4ω3ψ(ω,Ω)dΩdωψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω4)+ψ(ω2,ω4),

    which was proved by the authors in [18].

    Remark 3.3. The relationship for Riemann-Liouville integrals is as follows if we take into account ζ(ω)=ω and κ(Ω)=Ω with ψ_=¯ψ in Theorem 3.2:

    4ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)Γ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)(ω2ω1)θ1(ω4ω3)θ2[Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+ψ(ω2,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4ψ(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+ψ(ω1,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω4ψ(ω1,ω3)]ψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω4)+ψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω4),

    which was proved by the authors in [55].

    Remark 3.4. The relationship for fractional integrals is as follows if we take into account ψ_=¯ψ in Theorem 3.2:

    4ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)Γ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)4[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2×[Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κψ(ω2,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4;ζ,κψ(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+;ζ,κψ(ω1,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω4;ζ,κψ(ω1,ω3)]ψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω4)+ψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω4).

    which was proved by the authors in [34].

    Remark 3.5. The relationship for Riemann integrals is as follows if we take into account ζ(ω)=ω and κ(Ω)=Ω,θ1=θ2=1 with ψ_¯ψ in Theorem 3.2, which was proved by the authors in [53].

    Corollary 3.1. The relationship for Hadamard fractional integrals is as follows if we take into account ζ(ω)=lnω and κ(Ω)=lnΩ in Theorem 3.2:

    4ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)crΓ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)4[lnω2lnω1]θ1[lnω4lnω3]θ2[Gθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+ψ(ω2,ω4)+Gθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4ψ(ω2,ω3)+Gθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+ψ(ω1,ω4)+Gθ1,θ2ω2,ω4ψ(ω1,ω3)]crψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω4)+ψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω4).

    Corollary 3.2. The relationship for Katugampola fractional integrals is as follows if we take into account ζ(ω)=ωpη and κ(Ω)=Ωσσ,η,σ>0 in Theorem 3.2:

    4ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)crΓ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)ηθ1σθ24[ω2ηω1η]θ1[ω4σω3σ]θ2[η,σIθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+ψ(ω2,ω4)+η,σIθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4ψ(ω2,ω3)+η,σIθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+ψ(ω1,ω4)+η,σIθ1,θ2ω2,ω4ψ(ω1,ω3)]crψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω4)+ψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω4).

    Example 3.1. Let ψ(ω,Ω)=[24eω+24eΩ+4eΩω+144,216eω+216eΩ+36eΩω+1296],[ω1,ω2]=[0,1],[ω3,ω4]=[0,1],θ1=θ2=1, ζ(ω)=lnω and κ(Ω)=lnΩ, then we have

    ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)[88.4109,351.0176],Γ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)16[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2×[Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κψ(ω2,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4;ζ,κψ(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+;ζ,κψ(ω1,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω4;ζ,κψ(ω1,ω3)][117.4421,557.1243],ψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω4)+ψ(ω1,ω4)4[123.5321,741.1931].

    Thus,

    [88.4109,351.0176]cr[117.4421,557.1243]cr[123.5321,741.1931].

    As a result, Theorem 3.2 holds true.

    Theorem 3.3. Considering the same hypotheses that were considered in Theorem 3.2, we get the following center-radius order relationships:

    4ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)crΓ(θ1+1)2[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[Jθ1ω1+;ζH(ω2,ω3+ω42)+Jθ1ω2;ζH(ω1,ω3+ω42)]+Γ(θ2+1)2[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ2ω3+;κG(ω1+ω22,ω4)+Jθ2ω4;κG(ω1+ω22,ω3)]crΓ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)4[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2×[Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζκψ(ω2,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4;ζ,κψ(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+;ζ,κψ(ω1,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω4;ζκψ(ω1,ω3)]crΓ(θ1+1)4[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[Jθ1ω1+;ζH(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1ω1+;ζH(ω2.ω4)+Jθ1ω2;ζH(ω1,ω3)+Jθ1ω2;ζH(ω1,ω4)]+Γ(θ2+1)4[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ2ω3+;κG(ω1,ω4)+Jθ2ω3+;κG(ω2.ω4)+Jθ2ω4;κG(ω1,ω3)+Jθ2ω4;κG(ω2,ω3)]crψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω4)+ψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω4). (3.16)

    Proof. As ψ is a bidimesional convex on Δ, if we have the mapping σ1x:[ω3,ω4]R,σ1x(y)= ψ(x,y), then σ1x(y) is convex x[ω1,ω2] and H1x(y)=σ1x(y)+~σ1x(y)=ψ(x,y)+ψ2(x,y)=G(x,y), then for the convex mapping σ1x(y), we have

    σ1x(ω3+ω42)crΓ(θ2+1)4[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ2ω3+;κH1x(ω4)+Jθ2ω4;κH1x(ω3)]crσ1x(ω3)+σ1x(ω4)2,

    that is,

    ψ(x,ω3+ω42)crθ24[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[(I R)ω4ω3κ(y)[κ(ω4)κ(y)]1θ2C(x,y)dy+(I R)ω4ω3κ(y)[κ(y)κ(ω3)]1θ2C(x,y)dy]crψ(x,ω3)+ψ(x,ω4)2. (3.17)

    Multiplying the relation (3.17) by

    θ1[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1ζ(x)[ζ(ω2)ζ(x)]1θ1,

    and

    θ1[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1ζ(x)[ζ(x)ζ(ω1)]1θ1.

    Next, we obtain by integrating the given results from ω1 to ω2 with regard to x.

    Γ(θ1+1)[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1Jθ1ω1+;ζψ(ω2,ω3+ω42)crΓ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)4[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κC(ω2,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4;ζ,κG(ω2,ω3)]crΓ(θ1+1)2[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[Jθ1ω1+;ζψ(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1ω1+;ζψ(ω2,ω4)], (3.18)

    and

    Γ(θ1+1)[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1Jθ1ω2;ζψ(ω1,ω3+ω42)crΓ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)4[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+;ζ,κG(ω1,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω4;ζ,κG(ω1,ω3)]crΓ(θ1+1)2[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[Jθ1ω2;ζψ(ω1,ω3)+Jθ1ω2;ζψ(ω1,ω4)], (3.19)

    respectively.

    Also, if we define another mapping σ2x:[ω3,ω4]R,σ2x(y)=ψ1(x,y), then σ2x(y) is convex x[ω1,ω2] and H2x(y)=ψ1(x,y)+ψ3(x,y)=K(x,y), then for the convex function σ2x(y), we have

    σ2x(ω3+ω42)crΓ(θ2+1)4[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jω3+;κH2x(ω4)+Jω4;κH2x(ω3)]crσ2x(ω3)+σ2x(ω4)2,

    that is,

    ψ1(x,ω3+ω42)crθ24[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[(I R)ω4ω3κ(y)[κ(ω4)w(y)]1θ2K(x,y)y+(I R)ω4ω3κ(y)[w(y)κ(ω3)]1θ2K(x,y)dy]crψ1(x,ω3)+ψ1(x,ω4)2. (3.20)

    Similarly, multiplying the relation (3.20) by

    θ1[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1ζ(x)[ζ(ω2)ζ(x)]1θ1,

    and

    θ1[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1ζ(x)[ζ(x)ζ(ω1)]1θ1.

    Therefore, from ω1 to ω2, integrating the acquired output with reference to x, we obtain

    Γ(θ1+1)[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1Jθ1ω1+;ζψ1(ω2,ω3+ω42)crΓ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)4[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ1,θ2ω1+,,ω3+;ζ,κK(ω2,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4;ζ,κK(ω2,ω3)]crΓ(θ1+1)2[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[Jθ1ω1+;ζψ1(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1ω1+;ζψ1(ω2,ω4)], (3.21)

    and

    Γ(θ1+1)[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1Jθ1ω2;ζψ1(ω1,ω3+ω42)crΓ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)4[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+;ζ,κK(ω1,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω4;ζ,κK(ω1,ω3)]crΓ(θ1+1)2[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[Jθ1ω2;ζψ1(ω1,ω3)+Jθ1ω2;ζψ1(ω1,ω4)], (3.22)

    respectively.

    Moreover, if we have mapping σy1:[ω1,ω2]R,σy1(x)=ψ(x,y), then σy1(x) is convex for all y[ω3,ω4] and H1y(x)=σy1(x)+~σy1(x)=ψ(x,y)+ψ1(x,y)=H(x,y), then for the convex function σy1(x), we have

    σy1(ω1+ω22)crΓ(θ1+1)4[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[Jθ1ω1+;ζH1y(ω2)+Jθ1ω2;κH1y(ω1)]crσy1(ω1)+σy1(ω2)2,

    that is,

    ψ(ω1+ω22,y)crθ14[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[(I R)ω2ω1ζ(ω1)[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1H(x,y)dx+(I R)ω2ω1ζ(x)[ζ(x)ζ(ω1)]1θ1H(x,y)dx]crψ(ω1,y)+ψ(ω2,y)2. (3.23)

    Multiplying the relation (3.23) by

    θ2[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2κ(y)[κ(ω4)w(y)]1θ2, (3.24)

    and

    θ2[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2κ(y)[w(y)κ(ω3)]1θ2. (3.25)

    Next, by integrating the known findings from ω3 to ω4 with respect to y, we derive the subsequent relation:

    Γ(θ2+1)[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2Jθ2ω3+;κψ(ω1+ω22,ω4)crΓ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)4[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ1,θ2ω1+,,ω3+;ζ,κH(ω2.ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+;ζ,κH(ω1,ω4)]crΓ(θ2+1)2[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ2ω3+;κψ(ω1,ω4)+Jθ2ω3+;κψ(ω2,ω4)], (3.26)

    and

    Γ(θ2+1)[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2Jθ2ω4;κψ(ω1+ω22,ω3)crΓ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)4[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4;ζ,κH(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω4;ζ,κH(ω1,ω3)]crΓ(θ2+1)2[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ2ω4;κψ(ω1,ω3)+Jθ2ω4;κψ(ω2,ω3)], (3.27)

    respectively.

    Furthermore, if we have mapping σy2:[ω1,ω2]R,σy2(x)=ψ2(x,y), then σy2(x) is convex for all y[ω3,ω4] and H2y(x)=σy2(x)+~σy2(x)=ψ2(x,y)+ψ3(x,y)=L(x,y), the for the convex mapping σy2(x), we have

    σy2(ω1+ω22)crΓ(θ1+1)4[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[Jθ1ω1+;ζH2y(ω2)+Jθ1ω2;κH2y(ω1)]crσy2(ω1)+σy2(ω2)2,

    that is,

    ψ2(ω1+ω22,y)crθ14[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[(I R)ω2ω1ζ(x)[ζ(ω2)ζ(x)]1θ1L(x,y)dx+(I R)ω2ω1ζ(x)[ζ(x)ζ(ω1)]1θ1L(x,y)dx]crψ2(ω1,y)+ψ2(ω2,y)2. (3.28)

    Multiplying the relations (3.28) by

    θ2[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2κ(y)[κ(ω4)κ(y)]1θ2,

    and

    θ2[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2κ(y)[κ(y)κ(ω3)]1θ2,

    subsequently integrating the established findings from ω3 to ω4 with respect to y, we derive the following relations:

    Γ(θ2+1)[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2Jθ2ω3+;κψ(ω1+ω22,ω4)crΓ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)4[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κH(ω2.ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+;ζ,κH(ω1,ω4)]crΓ(θ2+1)2[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ2ω3+;κψ(ω1,ω4)+Jθ2ω3+;κψ(ω2,ω4)], (3.29)

    and

    Γ(θ2+1)[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2Jθ2ω4;κψ(ω1+ω22,ω3)crΓ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)4[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4;ζ,κH(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω4;ζκH(ω1,ω3)]crΓ(θ2+1)2[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ2ω4;κψ(ω1,ω3)+Jθ2ω4;κψ(ω2,ω3)], (3.30)

    respectively.

    Again, if we define the mapping σy2:[ω1,ω2]R,σy2(x)=ψ2(x,y), then σy2(x) is convex y[ω3,ω4] and H2y(x)=σy2(x)+~σy2(x)=ψ2(x,y)+ψ3(x,y)=L(x,y), then for the convex mapping σy2(x), we have

    σy2(ω1+ω22)crΓ(θ1+1)4[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[Jθ1ω1+;ζH2y(ω2)+Jθ1ω2;κH2y(ω1)]crσy2(ω1)+σy2(ω2)2,

    that is,

    ψ2(ω1+ω22,y)crθ14[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[(I R)ω2ω1ζ(x)[ζ(ω2)ζ(x)]1θ1L(x,y)dx+(I R)ω2ω1ζ(x)[ζ(x)ζ(ω1)]1θ1L(x,y)dx]crψ2(ω1,y)+ψ2(ω2,y)2. (3.31)

    Similarly, multiplying the relations (3.31) by

    θ2[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2κ(y)[κ(ω4)κ(y)]1θ2,

    and

    θ2[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2κ(y)[κ(y)κ(ω3)]1θ2,

    upon integrating the acquired outcomes concerning y between ω3 and ω4, we derive the subsequent relationships:

    Γ(θ2+1)[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2Jθ2ω3+;κψ2(ω1+ω22,ω4)crΓ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)4[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κL(ω2.ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+;ζ,κL(ω1,ω4)]crΓ(θ2+1)2[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ2ω3+;κψ2(ω1,ω4)+Jθ2ω3+;κψ2(ω2.ω4)], (3.32)

    and

    Γ(θ2+1)[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2Jθ2ω4;κψ2(ω1+ω22,ω3)crΓ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)4[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4;ζ,κL(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω4;ζκL(ω1,ω3)]crΓ(θ2+1)2[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ2ω4;κψ2(ω1,ω3)+Jθ2ω4;κψ2(ω2,ω3)], (3.33)

    respectively.

    Summing the relations (3.18), (3.19), (3.21), (3.22), (3.26), (3.27)–(3.30) and (3.33), we have the following result:

    Γ(θ1+1)[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[Jθ1ω1+ζψ(ω2,ω3+ω42)+Jθ1ω2ζψ(ω1,ω3+ω42)+Jθ1ω1+ζψ1(ω2,ω3+ω42)+Jθ1ω2ζψ1(ω1,ω3+ω42)]+Γ(θ2+1)[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ2ω3+;κψ(ω1+ω22,ω4)+Jθ2ω4;κψ(ω1+ω22,ω3)+Jθ2ω3+;κψ2(ω1+ω22,ω4)+Jθ2ω4;κψ2(ω1+ω22,ω3)]crΓ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)4[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2×[Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+:ζ,κG(ω2.ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4:ζ,κG(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+;ζ,κG(ω1,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω4:ζ,κG(ω1,ω3)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κK(ω2.ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4;ζ,κK(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+:ζ,κK(ω1,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω4:ζ,κK(ω1,ω3)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κH(ω2.ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+;ζ,κH(ω1,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4:ζ,κH(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω4:ζ,κH(ω1,ω3)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;ζ,κL(ω2.ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+:ζ,κL(ω1,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4:ζ,κL(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω4:ζ,κL(ω1,ω3)]crΓ(θ1+1)2[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[Jθ1ω1+ζψ(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1ω1+ζψ(ω2,ω4)+Jθ1ω2ζψ(ω1,ω3)+Jθ1ω2ζψ(ω1,ω4)+Jθ1ω1+;ζψ1(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1ω1+ζψ1(ω2.ω4)+Jθ1ω2ζψ1(ω1,ω3)+Jθ1ω2ζψ1(ω1,ω4)]+Γ(θ2+1)[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ2ω3+;κψ(ω1,ω4)+Jθ2ω3+;κψ(ω2,ω4)+Jθ2ω4;κψ(ω1,ω3)+Jθ2ω4;κψ(ω2,ω3)+Jθ2ω3+;κψ2(ω1,ω4)+Jθ2ω3+;κψ2(ω2.ω4)+Jθ2ω4;κψ2(ω1,ω3)+Jθ2ω4;κψ2(ω2,ω3)].

    That is, we have

    Γ(θ1+1)[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[Jθ1ω1+;ζH(ω2,ω3+ω42)+Jθ1ω2;ζH(ω1,ω3+ω42)]+Γ(θ2+1)[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ2ω3+;κG(ω1+ω22,ω4)+Jθ2ω4;,κG(ω1+ω22,ω3)]crΓ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)2[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2×[Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+;,κψ(ω2,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4;ζ,κψ(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+;,κψ(ω1,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω4+;,κψ(ω1,ω3)]crΓ(θ1+1)2[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[Jθ1ω1+;ζH(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1ω1+;ζH(ω2.ω4)+Jθ1ω2;ζH(ω1,ω3)+Jθ1ω2;ζH(ω1,ω4)]+Γ(θ2+1)2[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ2ω3+;,κG(ω1,ω4)+Jθ2ω3+;,κG(ω2.ω4)+Jθ2ω4;κG(ω1,ω3)+Jθ2ω4κ;,G(ω2,ω3)].

    This concludes the verification of relations second and third in (3.16). On the other hand, for symmetric function, we have the following relation:

    ψ(ω1+ω22)crθ14[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[ω2ω1ζ(x)[ζ(ω2)ζ(x)]θ1[ψ(x)+ψ(ω1+ω2x)]dx+ω2ω1ζ(x)[ζ(x)ζ(ω1)]θ1[ψ(x)+ψ(ω1+ω2x)]dx]. (3.34)

    As ψ is set-valued bidimensional convex on Δ, by using relation (3.34), we obtain

    ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)crθ14[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[(I R)ω2ω1ζ(x)[ζ(ω2)ζ(x)]θ1[ψ(x,ω3+ω42)+ψ(ω1+ω2x,ω3+ω42)]dx+(I R)ω2ω1ζ(x)[ζ(x)ζ(ω1)]θ1[ψ(x,ω3+ω42)+ψ(ω1+ω2x,ω3+ω42)]dx]=Γ(θ1+1)4[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[Jθ1ω1+ζH(ω2,ω3+ω42)+Jθ1ω2;ζH(ω1,ω3+ω42)], (3.35)

    and similarly, we have

    ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)crθ24[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[(I R)ω4ω3κ(y)[κ(ω4)κ(y)]θ1[ψ(ω1+ω22,y)+ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω4y)]dy+(I R)ω4ω3κ(y)[κ(y)κ(ω3)]θ1[ψ(ω1+ω22,y)+ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω4y)]dy]=Γ(θ2+1)4[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ2ω3+;κG(ω1+ω22,ω4)+Jθ2ω4;κG(ω1+ω22,ω3)]. (3.36)

    Combining the relations (3.35) and (3.36), we obtain the first relation in (3.16). For the second relation, we following double relation:

    θ14[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[(I R)ω2ω1ζ(x)[ζ(ω2)ζ(x)]θ1[ψ(x)+ψ(ω1+ω2x)]dx+(I R)ω2ω1ζ(x)[ζ(x)ζ(ω1)]θ1[ψ(x)+ψ(ω1+ω2x)]dx]crψ(ω1)+ψ(ω2)2. (3.37)

    By using relation (3.37), we obtain the following relations:

    Γ(θ1+1)4[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[Jθ1ω1+;ζH(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1ω2;ζH(ω1,ω3)]crψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω3)2,Γ(θ1+1)4[ζ(ω2)ζ(ω1)]θ1[Jθ1ω1+;ζH(ω2.ω4)+Jθ1ω2;ζH(ω1,ω4)]crψ(ω1,ω4)+ψ(ω2,ω4)2,Γ(θ2+1)4[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ2ω3+;κG(ω1,ω4)+Jθ2ω4;κG(ω1,ω3)]crψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω4)2, (3.38)

    and

    Γ(θ2+1)4[κ(ω4)κ(ω3)]θ2[Jθ2ω3+;κG(ω2.ω4)+Jθ2ω4;κG(ω2,ω3)]crψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω4)2. (3.39)

    Combining the relations (3.38) to (3.39), we obtain the last relation in (3.16). This completes the proof.

    Remark 3.6. If we consider ζ(t)=t and κ(s)=s in Theorem 3.3, then we obtain the following relationship for Riemann-Liouville integrals:

    4ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)crΓ(θ1+1)(ω2ω1)θ1[Jθ1ω1+ψ(ω2,ω3+ω42)+Jθ1ω2ψ(ω1,ω3+ω42)]+Γ(θ2+1)(ω4ω3)θ2[Jθ2ω3+ψ(ω1+ω22,ω4)+Jθ2ω4ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3)]crΓ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)4(ω2ω1)θ1(ω4ω3)θ2[Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+ψ(ω2,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4ψ(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+ψ(ω1,ω4)+Jθ1,θ2ω2,ω4ψ(ω1,ω3)]crΓ(θ1+1)2(ω2ω1)θ1[Jθ1ω1+ψ(ω2,ω3)+Jθ1ω1+ψ(ω2,ω4)+Jθ1ω2ψ(ω1,ω3)+Jθ1ω2ψ(ω1,ω4)]+Γ(θ2+1)2(ω4ω3)θ2[Jθ2ω3+ψ(ω1,ω4)+Jθ2ω3+ψ(ω2,ω4)+Jθ2ω4ψ(ω1,ω3)+Jθ2ω4ψ(ω2,ω3)]crψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω4)+ψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω4).

    Corollary 3.3. If we consider ζ(t)=t and κ(s)=s in Theorem 3.3, then we obtain the following relationship for Hadamard integrals:

    4ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)crΓ(θ1+1)2[lnω2lnω1]θ1[Gθ1ω1+H(ω2,ω3+ω42)+Gθ1ω2H(ω1,ω3+ω42)]+Γ(θ2+1)2[lnω4lnω3]θ2[Gθ2ω3+G(ω1+ω22,ω4)+Gθ2ω4G(ω1+ω22,ω3)]crΓ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)4[lnω2lnω1]θ1[lnω4lnω3]θ2[Gθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+ψ(ω2,ω4)+Gθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4ψ(ω2,ω3)+Gθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+ψ(ω1,ω4)+Gθ1,θ2ω2,ω4ψ(ω1,ω3)]crΓ(θ1+1)4[lnω2lnω1]θ1[Tθ1ω1+H(ω2,ω3)+Gθ1ω1+H(ω2.ω4)+Gθ1ω2H(ω1,ω3)+Gθ1ω2H(ω1,ω4)]+Γ(θ2+1)4[lnω4lnω3]θ2[Gθ2ω3+G(ω1,ω4)+Gθ2ω3+G(ω2.ω4)+Gθ2ω4G(ω1,ω3)+Gθ2ω4G(ω2,ω3)]crψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω4)+ψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω4).

    Corollary 3.4. If we consider ζ(t)=tηη and κ(s)=sσσ in Theorem 3.3, then we obtain the following relationship for Katugampola integrals:

    4ψ(ω1+ω22,ω3+ω42)crΓ(θ1+1)ηθ12[ω2ηω1η]θ1[Iθ1ω1+H(ω2,ω3+ω42)+ηIθ1ω2H(ω1,ω3+ω42)]+Γ(θ2+1)σθ22[ω4σω3σ]θ2[σIθ2ω3+G(ω1+ω22,ω4)+σIθ2ω4G(ω1+ω22,ω3)]crΓ(θ1+1)Γ(θ2+1)ηθ1σθ24[ω2ηω1η]θ1[ω4σω3σ]θ2[η,σIθ1,θ2ω1+,ω3+ψ(ω2,ω4)+η,σIθ1,θ2ω1+,ω4ψ(ω2,ω3)+η,σIθ1,θ2ω2,ω3+ψ(ω1,ω4)+η,σIθ1,θ2ω2,ω4ψ(ω1,ω3)]crΓ(θ1+1)ηθ1σθ24[bηaη]θ1[ηIθ1ω1+H(ω2,ω3)+ηIθ1ω1+H(ω2.ω4)+ηIθ1ω2H(ω1,ω3)+ηIθ1ω2H(ω1,ω4)]+Γ(θ2+1)σθ24[ω4σω3σ]θ2[σIθ2ω3+G(ω1,ω4)+σIθ2ω3+G(ω2.ω4)+σIθ2ω4G(ω1,ω3)+σIθ2ω4G(ω2,ω3)]crψ(ω1,ω3)+ψ(ω1,ω4)+ψ(ω2,ω3)+ψ(ω2,ω4).

    Coordinated convex functions apply the concept of convexity to functions defined as a product of intervals, allowing for more detailed analysis in multivariable settings. The conclusion of these functions focuses on their integral inequalities and applications in mathematical analysis. These functions enable the application of mathematical inequalities that are essential for analyzing and ensuring the stability, optimality, and control of complex systems. In this paper, we develop various novel bounds and refinements for weighted Hermite-Hadamard inequalities as well as their product form by employing new types of fractional integral operators under a cr-order relation. Additionally, we demonstrate that by means of coordinated center-radius order relations for these integral operators, various new findings can be obtained for Katugampola and Hadamard integrals operators. Furthermore, we show that this type of order relation preserves the integral structure. In addition, as a distinct characteristic from pictorial view, we show that this order is convex in nature, whereas inclusion order is non-convex. A number of interesting examples are presented in support of the major findings. It will be interesting in the future if readers take motivation from these findings and construct results using Itô's lemma as well as quantum calculas, multiplicative calculas, fuzzy order relations, and various other fractional integrals.

    Additionally, in a very recent study, Afzal et al. [56,57] developed results using a new approach; more specifically, they used tensor Hilbert spaces and variable exponent spaces, which is an extremely new approach to Hermite-Hadamard inequality and its related results. We also suggest readers extend these results in the sense of these spaces that utilize a variety of convex mappings under norm structures and modular function spaces that have not been initiated yet for coordinated convexity of any kind.

    W. Afzal: Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing-original draft, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Visualization; M. Abbas: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing-original draft, Supervision, Validation, Writing-review & editing; J. Ro: Investigation, Project administration, Visualization; K. H. Hakami: Data curation, Formal analysis, Methodology; H. Zogan: Methodology, Project administration, Software. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript for publication.

    This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. NRF-2022R1A2C2004874), and the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning (KETEP) and the Ministry of Trade, Industry & Energy (MOTIE) of the Republic of Korea (No. 20214000000280).

    The authors declare that they have no competing interests.



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