Manuscript Topics

Any condition which interferes with the normal functioning of the body and which causes discomfort or disability or impairment of the health of a living organism is called a disease. The disease agent is a factor (substance or force) which causes a disease by its excess or deficiency or absence. The impact of severe diseases on people is a real concern in terms of suffering as well as social and economic implications. In recent era, there are several communicable diseases, namely COVID-19, Malaria, Dengue fever, HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis, Cholera, Zika virus, Chicken pox, Influenza, Pneumonia, and so on, which impair the health of human population around the globe. Some of these communicable diseases carry from person to person by viral diseases and their pathogens, which impacts on the human body through sexual intercourse. In recent years, the control of these acute diseases has been a great concern for bio-mathematicians and medical experts. It has been approved that these infectious diseases are fatal to billions of people and also cause the loss of their worth. Mathematical modeling plays a crucial role in the study of these adverse types of diseases. The basic ambition to evaluate and eradicate these diseases through mathematical models is to minimize their effects by understanding their mechanism and the agents that cause the spread of these diseases, so that it gives better chance to predict these diseases and their impacts and also give a way to control them. Mathematical models allow us to extrapolate from current information about the state and progress of an outbreak to predict the future and, most importantly, to quantify the uncertainty in these predictions. Most of these mathematical models contain ordinary or partial differential equations. In some cases, instead of integer order, fractional order can be used to analyze the real phenomena behind the problems. In one way or another, researchers encounter many different kinds of nonlinear ordinary or partial differential equations.

The aim of this Special Issue is to collate original research articles that focus on the recent results, which can be obtained from the novel methods constructed by many researchers, for all types of these diseases, as well as developments in recent methods with new operators or new approximations. It will also welcome review articles discussing the current state of the art.

Potential topics include but are not limited to the following:
• Analytical and numerical techniques for virus models such as HIV, Ebola, Malaria and COVID-19
• Mathematical modeling with applications in treating infectious diseases or analyzing their spreading rates
• Application of fractional differential equations for analyzing disease problems
• Implementations of ordinary, partial, and integro-differential equations with optimization methods for disease and related biological problems
• Mathematical modeling with probability aspects
• Probability distribution and their bio-mathematical applications

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