An <i>in silico</i> analysis of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes in <i>Aeromonas</i> plasmids

Ogueri Nwaiwu; Chiugo Claret Aduba; Ogueri Nwaiwu; Chiugo Claret Aduba

doi:10.3934/microbiol.2020005

AIMS Microbiology

2020, Volume 6, Issue 1: 75-91. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2020005

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An in silico analysis of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes in Aeromonas plasmids

Ogueri Nwaiwu ^{1
,
,},
Chiugo Claret Aduba ²

1.
School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, United Kingdom
2.
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria

Received: 12 February 2020 Accepted: 13 March 2020 Published: 16 March 2020

Sequences of 105 Aeromonas species plasmids were probed for acquired anti-microbial resistance (AMR) genes using a bioinformatics approach. The plasmids showed no positive linear correlation between size and GC content and up to 55 acquired AMR genes were found in 39 (37%) plasmids after in silico screening for resistance against 15 antibiotic drug classes. Overall, potential multiple antibiotic resistance (p-MAR) index ranged from 0.07 to 0.53. Up to 18 plasmids were predicted to mediate multiple drug resistance (MDR). Plasmids pS121-1a (A. salmonicida), pWCX23_1 (A. hydrophila) and pASP-a58 (A. veronii) harboured 18, 15 and 14 AMR genes respectively. The five most occurring drug classes for which AMR genes were detected were aminoglycosides (27%), followed by beta-lactams (17%), sulphonamides (13%), fluoroquinolones (13%), and phenicols (10%). The most prevalent genes were a sulphonamide resistant gene Sul1, the gene aac (6′)-Ib-cr (aminoglycoside 6′-N-acetyl transferase type Ib-cr) resistant to aminoglycosides and the blaKPC-2 gene, which encodes carbapenemase-production. Plasmid acquisition of AMR genes was mainly inter-genus rather than intra-genus. Eighteen plasmids showed template or host genes acquired from Pseudomonas monteilii, Salmonella enterica or Escherichia coli. The most occurring antimicrobial resistance determinants (ARDs) were beta-lactamase, followed by aminoglycosides acetyl-transferases, and then efflux pumps. Screening of new isolates in vitro and in vivo is required to ascertain the level of phenotypic expression of colistin and other acquired AMR genes detected.
- Aeromonas,
- acquired antimicrobial resistance,
- plasmids,
- GC content,
- multiple antimicrobial resistance,
- predicted multidrug resistance,
- Colistin
Citation: Ogueri Nwaiwu, Chiugo Claret Aduba. An in silico analysis of acquired antimicrobial resistance genes in Aeromonas plasmids[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2020, 6(1): 75-91. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2020005

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Abstract

Sequences of 105 Aeromonas species plasmids were probed for acquired anti-microbial resistance (AMR) genes using a bioinformatics approach. The plasmids showed no positive linear correlation between size and GC content and up to 55 acquired AMR genes were found in 39 (37%) plasmids after in silico screening for resistance against 15 antibiotic drug classes. Overall, potential multiple antibiotic resistance (p-MAR) index ranged from 0.07 to 0.53. Up to 18 plasmids were predicted to mediate multiple drug resistance (MDR). Plasmids pS121-1a (A. salmonicida), pWCX23_1 (A. hydrophila) and pASP-a58 (A. veronii) harboured 18, 15 and 14 AMR genes respectively. The five most occurring drug classes for which AMR genes were detected were aminoglycosides (27%), followed by beta-lactams (17%), sulphonamides (13%), fluoroquinolones (13%), and phenicols (10%). The most prevalent genes were a sulphonamide resistant gene Sul1, the gene aac (6′)-Ib-cr (aminoglycoside 6′-N-acetyl transferase type Ib-cr) resistant to aminoglycosides and the blaKPC-2 gene, which encodes carbapenemase-production. Plasmid acquisition of AMR genes was mainly inter-genus rather than intra-genus. Eighteen plasmids showed template or host genes acquired from Pseudomonas monteilii, Salmonella enterica or Escherichia coli. The most occurring antimicrobial resistance determinants (ARDs) were beta-lactamase, followed by aminoglycosides acetyl-transferases, and then efflux pumps. Screening of new isolates in vitro and in vivo is required to ascertain the level of phenotypic expression of colistin and other acquired AMR genes detected.

Acknowledgments

Authors acknowledge Center for Genomic Epidemiology, Denmark for the use of web tools.

Conflict of interest

Authors declare no conflict of interest.

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