Numerical study of aerodynamic drag reduction of a circular cylinder with an inbuilt nozzle

Sarker Ashraful Islam; Farhana Kabir Esheta; Md Mahir Shahriar; Dewan Hasan Ahmed; Sarker Ashraful Islam; Farhana Kabir Esheta; Md Mahir Shahriar; Dewan Hasan Ahmed

doi:10.3934/mina.2024018

Metascience in Aerospace

2024, Volume 1, Issue 4: 379-400. doi: 10.3934/mina.2024018

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Research article

Numerical study of aerodynamic drag reduction of a circular cylinder with an inbuilt nozzle

Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, 141-142 Love Road, Tejgaon Industrial Area, Dhaka-1208, Bangladesh

Received: 13 October 2024 Revised: 01 December 2024 Accepted: 18 December 2024 Published: 27 December 2024

Researchers have extensively studied drag reduction because of its impact on a vehicle's fuel economy and structural stability, among other applications. A numerical study was carried out on the two-dimensional flow past a circular cylinder acting as a bluff body. In this case, the converging and diverging nozzles were used as passive flow control devices to reduce the drag coefficient. The subcritical Reynolds number 1×10⁵ was considered for the numerical study using ANSYS Fluent with the k-ω SST as a viscous model. Seven different outlet and inlet diameter ratios, D_out/D_in, ranging from 0.2 to 1.4, were considered for the nozzle. The main focus of this research was to find the influence of a nozzle in a circular cylinder on decreasing drag. It was found that both the converging and diverging nozzles can be used in passive mode to reduce the drag coefficient. For the converging nozzle, a jet is formed at the exit of the nozzle, which produces thrust and ultimately reduces the drag coefficient. The flow rate increases through the nozzle with the increase in D_out/D_in. This leads to a more extended jet, which fluctuates more because of the flow separation and the inherent nature of the vortex shedding of a circular cylinder. The drag coefficients are reduced by more than 30% in all the simulated cases. However, the drag reduction is more significant for the diverging nozzle and is greatly influenced by D_out/D_in. Indeed, more than 38% of drag coefficients are reduced for D_out/D_in = 1.4. On the other hand, the vortex shedding frequency is significantly higher for the diverging nozzle. Therefore, converging nozzles have an upper hand over the diverging nozzles. The grid independence test was achieved, and the numerical model was validated with results available in the open literature.
- CFD,
- circular cylinder,
- drag reduction,
- nozzle,
- passive mode,
- subcritical Reynolds number
Citation: Sarker Ashraful Islam, Farhana Kabir Esheta, Md Mahir Shahriar, Dewan Hasan Ahmed. Numerical study of aerodynamic drag reduction of a circular cylinder with an inbuilt nozzle[J]. Metascience in Aerospace, 2024, 1(4): 379-400. doi: 10.3934/mina.2024018

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Abstract

Researchers have extensively studied drag reduction because of its impact on a vehicle's fuel economy and structural stability, among other applications. A numerical study was carried out on the two-dimensional flow past a circular cylinder acting as a bluff body. In this case, the converging and diverging nozzles were used as passive flow control devices to reduce the drag coefficient. The subcritical Reynolds number 1×10⁵ was considered for the numerical study using ANSYS Fluent with the k-ω SST as a viscous model. Seven different outlet and inlet diameter ratios, D_out/D_in, ranging from 0.2 to 1.4, were considered for the nozzle. The main focus of this research was to find the influence of a nozzle in a circular cylinder on decreasing drag. It was found that both the converging and diverging nozzles can be used in passive mode to reduce the drag coefficient. For the converging nozzle, a jet is formed at the exit of the nozzle, which produces thrust and ultimately reduces the drag coefficient. The flow rate increases through the nozzle with the increase in D_out/D_in. This leads to a more extended jet, which fluctuates more because of the flow separation and the inherent nature of the vortex shedding of a circular cylinder. The drag coefficients are reduced by more than 30% in all the simulated cases. However, the drag reduction is more significant for the diverging nozzle and is greatly influenced by D_out/D_in. Indeed, more than 38% of drag coefficients are reduced for D_out/D_in = 1.4. On the other hand, the vortex shedding frequency is significantly higher for the diverging nozzle. Therefore, converging nozzles have an upper hand over the diverging nozzles. The grid independence test was achieved, and the numerical model was validated with results available in the open literature.

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