Global dynamics of SARS-CoV-2/malaria model with antibody immune response

A. D. Al Agha; A. M. Elaiw; A. D. Al Agha; A. M. Elaiw

doi:10.3934/mbe.2022390

Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering

2022, Volume 19, Issue 8: 8380-8410. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2022390

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Research article

Global dynamics of SARS-CoV-2/malaria model with antibody immune response

A. D. Al Agha ^{1
,
,},
A. M. Elaiw ^2,3

1.
Department of Mathematical Science, College of Engineering, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah 21361, Saudi Arabia
2.
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
3.
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt

Received: 10 April 2022 Revised: 06 May 2022 Accepted: 19 May 2022 Published: 09 June 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. In this paper, we explore a within-host model of SARS-CoV-2/malaria coinfection. This model consists of seven ordinary differential equations that study the interactions between uninfected red blood cells, infected red blood cells, free merozoites, uninfected epithelial cells, infected epithelial cells, free SARS-CoV-2 particles, and antibodies. We show that the model has bounded and nonnegative solutions. We compute all steady state points and derive their existence conditions. We use appropriate Lyapunov functions to confirm the global stability of all steady states. We enhance the reliability of the theoretical results by performing numerical simulations. The steady states reflect the monoinfection and coinfection with malaria and SARS-CoV-2. The shared immune response reduces the concentrations of malaria merozoites and SARS-CoV-2 particles in coinfected patients. This response reduces the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in this group of patients.
- COVID-19,
- SARS-CoV-2,
- Malaria,
- immune response,
- global stability
Citation: A. D. Al Agha, A. M. Elaiw. Global dynamics of SARS-CoV-2/malaria model with antibody immune response[J]. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 2022, 19(8): 8380-8410. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2022390

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Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Malaria is a parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium parasites. In this paper, we explore a within-host model of SARS-CoV-2/malaria coinfection. This model consists of seven ordinary differential equations that study the interactions between uninfected red blood cells, infected red blood cells, free merozoites, uninfected epithelial cells, infected epithelial cells, free SARS-CoV-2 particles, and antibodies. We show that the model has bounded and nonnegative solutions. We compute all steady state points and derive their existence conditions. We use appropriate Lyapunov functions to confirm the global stability of all steady states. We enhance the reliability of the theoretical results by performing numerical simulations. The steady states reflect the monoinfection and coinfection with malaria and SARS-CoV-2. The shared immune response reduces the concentrations of malaria merozoites and SARS-CoV-2 particles in coinfected patients. This response reduces the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection in this group of patients.

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