In recent years, conventional Ricker maps have enjoyed widespread applications across crucial domains such as modeling and security. However, their limitation to a single changeable parameter poses constraints on their adaptability. This paper introduces a generalized form of the Ricker map, incorporating arbitrary powers, thus offering enhanced versatility compared to the traditional Ricker map. By introducing an additional parameter (arbitrary power), the map gains increased degrees of freedom, thereby accommodating a broader spectrum of applications. Consequently, the conventional Ricker map emerges as merely a special case within each proposed framework. This newfound parameter enhances system flexibility and elucidates the conventional system's performance across diverse contexts. Through numerous illustrations, we meticulously investigate the impact of the arbitrary power and equation parameters on equilibrium points, their positions, basin of attraction, stability conditions, and bifurcation diagrams, including the emergence of chaotic behavior.
Citation: H. El-Metwally, Ibraheem M. Alsulami, M. Y. Hamada. On generalized discrete Ricker map[J]. AIMS Mathematics, 2024, 9(10): 29235-29249. doi: 10.3934/math.20241417
In recent years, conventional Ricker maps have enjoyed widespread applications across crucial domains such as modeling and security. However, their limitation to a single changeable parameter poses constraints on their adaptability. This paper introduces a generalized form of the Ricker map, incorporating arbitrary powers, thus offering enhanced versatility compared to the traditional Ricker map. By introducing an additional parameter (arbitrary power), the map gains increased degrees of freedom, thereby accommodating a broader spectrum of applications. Consequently, the conventional Ricker map emerges as merely a special case within each proposed framework. This newfound parameter enhances system flexibility and elucidates the conventional system's performance across diverse contexts. Through numerous illustrations, we meticulously investigate the impact of the arbitrary power and equation parameters on equilibrium points, their positions, basin of attraction, stability conditions, and bifurcation diagrams, including the emergence of chaotic behavior.
[1] | P. Cull, Global stability of population models, Bull. Math. Biol., 43 (1981), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-8240(81)80005-5 doi: 10.1016/S0092-8240(81)80005-5 |
[2] | P. Cull, K. Walsh, J. Wherry, Stability and instability in one dimensional pop ulation models, Sci. Math. Japon., 67 (2008), 105–124. |
[3] | L. Dai, Nonlinear dynamics of piecewise constant systems and implementation of piece wise constant arguments, Singapore: World Scientific, 2008. |
[4] | R. Devaney, An introduction to chaotic dynamical systems, London: CRC press, 2018. |
[5] | H. El-Metwally, A. Q. Khan, M. Y. Hamada, Allee effect in a ricker type discrete time predator–prey model with holling type-ii functional response, J. Biol. Syst., 31 (2023), 591–610. https://doi.org/10.1142/S0218339023500201 doi: 10.1142/S0218339023500201 |
[6] | S. N. Elaydi, An introduction to difference equations, New York: Springer, 2005. |
[7] | S. N. Elaydi, Discrete chaos: with applications in science and engineering, New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420011043 |
[8] | M. Y. Hamada, T. El-Azab, H. El-Metwally, Allee effect in a ricker type predator-prey model, J. Math. Comput. Sci., 29 (2022), 239–251. http://dx.doi.org/10.22436/jmcs.029.03.03 doi: 10.22436/jmcs.029.03.03 |
[9] | M. Y. Hamada, T. El-Azab, H. El-Metwally. Bifurcations and dynamics of a discrete predator-prey model of ricker type, J. Appl. Math. Comput., 69 (2022), 113–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12190-022-01737-8 doi: 10.1007/s12190-022-01737-8 |
[10] | M. Y. Hamada, T. El-Azab, H. El-Metwally, Bifurcation analysis of a two-dimensional discrete-time predator-prey model, Math. Meth. Appl. Sci., 46 (2023), 4815–4833. https://doi.org/10.1002/mma.8807 doi: 10.1002/mma.8807 |
[11] | R. M. May, Simple mathematical models with very complicated dynamics, Nature, 261 (1976), 459–467. https://doi.org/10.1038/261459a0 doi: 10.1038/261459a0 |
[12] | J. R. Pounder, T. D. Rogers, Global stability in population models, Math. Model., 3 (1982), 207–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/0270-0255(82)90025-2 doi: 10.1016/0270-0255(82)90025-2 |
[13] | A. G. Radwan, On some generalized discrete logistic maps, J. Adv. Res., 4 (2013), 163–171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jare.2012.05.003 doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2012.05.003 |
[14] | W. E. Ricker, Stock and recruitment, J. Fisher. Board Can., 11 (1954), 559–623. https://doi.org/10.1139/f54-039 doi: 10.1139/f54-039 |
[15] | A. Sarkovskii, Coexistence of cycles of a continuous map of a line to itself, Ukr. Mat. Z., 16 (1964), 61–71. |
[16] | A. Stewart, S. Dean, J. Boffenmyer, B. Willie, The existence and stability of Equilibria of the generalized Ricker's model, LSU Summer Math Integrated Learning Experience, 2010. |
[17] | S. H. Strogatz, Nonlinear dynamics and chaos: with applications to physics, biology, chemistry, and engineering, Lendon: CRC press, 2018. |
[18] | S. Wiggins, M. Golubitsky, Introduction to applied nonlinear dynamical systems and chaos, New York: Springer, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4067-7 |
[19] | S. Willson, Explorations into global stability of population models, 1995,144–153. |