This paper is concerned with mathematical modeling for the development of Shandong traffic. The system dynamics model of the development of traffic in Shandong is established. In terms of this model, it is shown that highway operation as well as rail transit promotes the development of traffic, while traffic accidents inhibit traffic development. Moreover, the maximum error between the output data and the statistics bureau, based on which some forecasts for the development of traffic in the future are given, is obtained, some suggestions and optimization schemes for traffic development are given. Finally, a neural network model of the development of Shandong traffic is also derived.
Citation: Juan Manuel Sánchez, Adrián Valverde, Juan L. G. Guirao, Huatao Chen. Mathematical modeling for the development of traffic based on the theory of system dynamics[J]. AIMS Mathematics, 2023, 8(11): 27626-27642. doi: 10.3934/math.20231413
This paper is concerned with mathematical modeling for the development of Shandong traffic. The system dynamics model of the development of traffic in Shandong is established. In terms of this model, it is shown that highway operation as well as rail transit promotes the development of traffic, while traffic accidents inhibit traffic development. Moreover, the maximum error between the output data and the statistics bureau, based on which some forecasts for the development of traffic in the future are given, is obtained, some suggestions and optimization schemes for traffic development are given. Finally, a neural network model of the development of Shandong traffic is also derived.
[1] | S. A. Aamir, P. Müller, A. Hartel, J. Schemmel, K. Meier, A highly tunable 65-nm CMOS LIF neuron for a large scale neuromorphic system, ESSCIRC Conference 2016: 42nd European Solid-State Circuits Conference, IEEE, 2016, 71–74. https://doi.org/10.1109/ESSCIRC.2016.7598245 |
[2] | D. Bau, J. Y. Zhu, H. Strobelt, A. Lapedriza, B. Zhou, A. Torralba, Understanding the role of individual units in a deep neural network, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 117 (2020), 30071–30078. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1907375117 doi: 10.1073/pnas.1907375117 |
[3] | R. Cervero, Y. Tsai, City CarShare in San Francisco, California: second-year travel demand and car ownership impacts, Transp. Res. Rec., 1887 (2004), 117–127. https://doi.org/10.3141/1887-14 doi: 10.3141/1887-14 |
[4] | R. G. Coyle, System dynamics modelling: a practical approach, J. Oper. Res. Soc., 48 (1997), 544. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600682 doi: 10.1057/palgrave.jors.2600682 |
[5] | T. Dyr, P. Misiurski, K. Ziółkowska, Costs and benefits of using buses fuelled by natural gas in public transport, J. Clean. Prod., 225 (2019), 1134–1146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.317 doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.03.317 |
[6] | L. Fan, A. Wang, $CO_{2}$ emissions and technical efficiency of logistics sector: an empirical research from China, Proceedings of 2013 IEEE International Conference on Service Operations and Logistics, and Informatics, IEEE, 2013, 89–94. https://doi.org/10.1109/SOLI.2013.6611388 |
[7] | J. W. Forrester, Industrial dynamics, J. Oper. Res. Soc., 48 (1997), 1037–1041. |
[8] | J. M. García, Theory and practical exercises of system dynamics, Modeling and Simulation with Vensim PLE, Preface by John Sterman, 2020. |
[9] | Q. W. Guo, S. Chen, P. Schonfeld, Z. Li, How time-inconsistent preferences affect investment timing for rail transit, Transport. Res. B: Meth., 118 (2018), 172–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trb.2018.10.009 doi: 10.1016/j.trb.2018.10.009 |
[10] | S. He, J. Li, A study of urban city traffic congestion governance effectiveness based on system dynamics simulation, Int. Ref. J. Eng. Sci., 8 (2019), 37–47. |
[11] | M. Humayun, M. F. Almufareh, N. Z. Jhanjhi, Autonomous traffic system for emergency vehicles, Electronics, 11 (2022), 510. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11040510 doi: 10.3390/electronics11040510 |
[12] | G. K. Ingram, Z. Liu, Determinants of motorization and road provision, Policy Research Working Paper, The World Bank, 1999. |
[13] | S. Jia, L. Bi, W. Zhu, T. Fang, System dynamics modeling for improving the policy effect of traffic energy consumption and $CO_{2}$ emissions, Sustain. Cities Soc., 90 (2023), 104398. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2023.104398 doi: 10.1016/j.scs.2023.104398 |
[14] | S. Jia, G. Yan, A. Shen, J. Zheng, A system dynamics model for determining the traffic congestion charges and subsidies, Arab. J. Sci. Eng., 42 (2017), 5291–5304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-2637-5 doi: 10.1007/s13369-017-2637-5 |
[15] | A. Jusuf, I. P. Nurprasetio, A. Prihutama, Macro data analysis of traffic accidents in Indonesia, J. Eng. Technol. Sci., 49 (2017), 132–143. https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2017.49.1.8 doi: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2017.49.1.8 |
[16] | V. Kolesov, A. Petrov, System dynamics of process organization in the sphere of traffic safety assurance, Transp. Res. Proc., 36 (2018), 286–294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2018.12.085 doi: 10.1016/j.trpro.2018.12.085 |
[17] | W. Li, S. Yin, Analysis on cost of urban rail transit, J. Transp. Syst. Eng. Inf. Tech., 12 (2012), 9–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1570-6672(11)60190-6 doi: 10.1016/S1570-6672(11)60190-6 |
[18] | A. Monirabbasi, A. R. Khansari, L. Majidi, Simulation of delay factors in sewage projects with the dynamic system approach, Ind. Eng. Strategic Manage., 1 (2021), 15–30. https://doi.org/10.22115/iesm.2020.232300.1006 doi: 10.22115/iesm.2020.232300.1006 |
[19] | H. Qu, Z. Zhao, The application of Lagrange relaxation on taxi dispatchments during evening rush hours, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 1650 (2020), 032019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1650/3/032019 doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1650/3/032019 |
[20] | A. Rajput, M. Jain, System dynamics simulation model to reduce the traffic congestion of metropolitan cities of India by implementing intelligent transportation system, International Conference on Mathematical Sciences and Statistics 2022 (ICMSS 2022), Atlantis Press, 2022,440–455. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-014-5_38 |
[21] | M. Saleem, S. Abbas, T. M. Ghazal, M. A. Khan, N. Sahawneh, M. Ahmad, Smart cities: Fusion-based intelligent traffic congestion control system for vehicular networks using machine learning techniques, Egypt. Inform. J., 23 (2022), 417–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eij.2022.03.003 doi: 10.1016/j.eij.2022.03.003 |
[22] | S. Samanta, S. Suresh, J. Senthilnath, N. Sundararajan, A new neuro-fuzzy inference system with dynamic neurons (NFIS-DN) for system identification and time series forecasting, Appl. Soft Comput., 82 (2019), 105567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2019.105567 doi: 10.1016/j.asoc.2019.105567 |
[23] | S. P. Santosa, A. I. Mahyuddin, F. G. Sunoto, Anatomy of injury severity and fatality in Indonesian traffic accidents, J. Eng. Technol. Sci., 49 (2017), 412–422. https://doi.org/10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2017.49.3.9 doi: 10.5614/j.eng.technol.sci.2017.49.3.9 |
[24] | W. Sardjono, E. Selviyanti, W. G. Perdana, Modeling the relationship between public transportation and traffic conditions in urban areas: a system dynamics approach, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., 1465 (2020), 012023. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1465/1/012023 doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1465/1/012023 |
[25] | J. D. Sterman, System dynamics: systems thinking and modeling for a complex world, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2002, 1–31. |
[26] | J. Usenik, T. Turnšek, Modeling conflict dynamics with fuzzy logic inference, J. US-China Public Adm., 10 (2013), 457–474. |
[27] | L. Wen, L. Bai, System dynamics modeling and policy simulation for urban traffic: a case study in Beijing, Environ. Model. Assess., 22 (2017), 363–378. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10666-016-9539-x doi: 10.1007/s10666-016-9539-x |
[28] | N. Wu, S. Zhao, Q. Zhang, A study on the determinants of private car ownership in China: findings from the panel data, Transport. Res. A: Pol., 85 (2016), 186–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2016.01.012 doi: 10.1016/j.tra.2016.01.012 |
[29] | N. J. Ye, W. J. Li, Y. Li, Y. F. Bai, Spatial econometric research on the relationship between highway construction and regional economic growth in China: evidence from the nationwide panel data, IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., 100 (2017), 012138. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/100/1/012138 doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/100/1/012138 |
[30] | Z. Zhu, S. Zhu, Z. Zheng, H. Yang, A generalized Bayesian traffic model, Transp. Res. C: Emer., 108 (2019), 182–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2019.09.011 doi: 10.1016/j.trc.2019.09.011 |