Dilute acid hydrolysis of wastes of fruits from Amazon for ethanol production

Flávia Fernandes; Amanda Farias; Livia Carneiro; Ralyvan Santos; Daiana Torres; João Silva; João Souza; Érica Souza; Flávia Fernandes; Amanda Farias; Livia Carneiro; Ralyvan Santos; Daiana Torres; João Silva; João Souza; Érica Souza

doi:10.3934/bioeng.2021019

AIMS Bioengineering

2021, Volume 8, Issue 3: 221-234. doi: 10.3934/bioeng.2021019

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Dilute acid hydrolysis of wastes of fruits from Amazon for ethanol production

1.
Post-Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Natural Resources of the Amazon, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
2.
School of Technology, Amazonas State University, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
3.
Mycology Laboratory, National Institute of Amazonian Research – INPA, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
4.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Engineering College of Lorena, University of São Paulo, Lorena, São Paulo, Brazil

Received: 26 May 2021 Accepted: 25 July 2021 Published: 03 August 2021

This study carried out the screening of wastes from Amazon plants to produce hydrolysates with a high monosaccharides content for ethanol production. Initially, we hydrolyzed (diluted acid) Amazon wastes (peel from the fruit of Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer, peel from the fruit of Bactris gasipaes Kunth, straw obtained from endocarp of the fruit of Euterpe oleracea Mart., peel from the fruit of Theobroma grandiflorum Schumann and peel from the root of Manihot esculenta Crant) to obtain hydrolysates with the high content of fermentable sugars. Then, we investigated by 2³ factorial design the influence of the factors: a) hydrolysis time (min); b) H₂SO₄-to-waste ratio (g/g) and c) solid-to-liquid ratio (g/mL) in the variables reducing sugars and furans. The hydrolysis of the peel of the fruit of Bactris gasipaes resulted in the highest concentration of reducing sugars (23.7 g/L). After detoxification and concentration process, the Bactris gasipaes hydrolysate results in 96.7 g/L of reducing sugars largely fermentable (90%) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2. The experimental design demonstrated that the factors H₂SO₄-to-waste ratio (g/g) and solid-to-liquid ratio (g/mL) were the most significant affecting the final content of reducing sugars and furans in the hydrolysate of the peel of Bactris gasipaes. Hydrolysis time of 4.4 min, H₂SO₄-to-waste ratio of 0.63 g/g, and the solid-to-liquid ratio of 0.17 g/mL resulted in the concentration of reducing sugars of 49 g/L. This study shows the potential of peels from the fruit of Bactris gasipaes to produce ethanol.
- lignocellulosic biomass waste,
- saccharification,
- acid hydrolysis optimization,
- bactris gasipaes
Citation: Flávia Fernandes, Amanda Farias, Livia Carneiro, Ralyvan Santos, Daiana Torres, João Silva, João Souza, Érica Souza. Dilute acid hydrolysis of wastes of fruits from Amazon for ethanol production[J]. AIMS Bioengineering, 2021, 8(3): 221-234. doi: 10.3934/bioeng.2021019

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Abstract

This study carried out the screening of wastes from Amazon plants to produce hydrolysates with a high monosaccharides content for ethanol production. Initially, we hydrolyzed (diluted acid) Amazon wastes (peel from the fruit of Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer, peel from the fruit of Bactris gasipaes Kunth, straw obtained from endocarp of the fruit of Euterpe oleracea Mart., peel from the fruit of Theobroma grandiflorum Schumann and peel from the root of Manihot esculenta Crant) to obtain hydrolysates with the high content of fermentable sugars. Then, we investigated by 2³ factorial design the influence of the factors: a) hydrolysis time (min); b) H₂SO₄-to-waste ratio (g/g) and c) solid-to-liquid ratio (g/mL) in the variables reducing sugars and furans. The hydrolysis of the peel of the fruit of Bactris gasipaes resulted in the highest concentration of reducing sugars (23.7 g/L). After detoxification and concentration process, the Bactris gasipaes hydrolysate results in 96.7 g/L of reducing sugars largely fermentable (90%) by Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2. The experimental design demonstrated that the factors H₂SO₄-to-waste ratio (g/g) and solid-to-liquid ratio (g/mL) were the most significant affecting the final content of reducing sugars and furans in the hydrolysate of the peel of Bactris gasipaes. Hydrolysis time of 4.4 min, H₂SO₄-to-waste ratio of 0.63 g/g, and the solid-to-liquid ratio of 0.17 g/mL resulted in the concentration of reducing sugars of 49 g/L. This study shows the potential of peels from the fruit of Bactris gasipaes to produce ethanol.

Acknowledgments

The authors would like to recognize funding received from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM); Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES - Pró-Amazônia 2012, N.47); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq, and Escola de Engenharia de Lorena (EEL-USP) (Analytical assays).

Conflict of interest

The authors have declared no conflict of interest.

Author contributions

The research was designed by João Souza, Érica Souza and Flávia Fernandes; experiments were conducted by Flávia Fernandes, Amanda Farias, Ralyvan Santos, Daiana Torres; analytical tools were provided by João Silva and Livia Carneiro; data were analyzed and interpreted by João Souza, João Silva, Livia Carneiro; and the manuscript was written by João Souza, Flávia Fernandes, João Silva and Érica Souza and then read and approved by all authors.

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