Engineering properties of sorghum bioguma-variety for designing appropriate thresher and chopper machine

Ana Nurhasanah; Wawan Hermawan; Tineke Mandang; Astu Unadi; Uning Budiharti; Suparlan; Herry Susanto; Anugerah Fitri Amalia; Teguh Wikan Widodo; Maria Josefine Tjaturetna Budiastuti; Ni Putu Dian Nitamiwati; Diang Sagita; Muhammad Hidayat; Arif Samudiantono; Ana Nurhasanah; Wawan Hermawan; Tineke Mandang; Astu Unadi; Uning Budiharti; Suparlan; Herry Susanto; Anugerah Fitri Amalia; Teguh Wikan Widodo; Maria Josefine Tjaturetna Budiastuti; Ni Putu Dian Nitamiwati; Diang Sagita; Muhammad Hidayat; Arif Samudiantono

doi:10.3934/agrfood.2023039

AIMS Agriculture and Food

2023, Volume 8, Issue 3: 720-735. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2023039

Previous Article Next Article

Research article

Engineering properties of sorghum bioguma-variety for designing appropriate thresher and chopper machine

1.
Research Center for Appropriate Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Subang, 41213, Indonesia
2.
Department of Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering, IPB University, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
3.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Darma Persada University, Jakarta, 13450, Indonesia
4.
Research Center for Sustainable Production System and Life Cycle Assessment, National Research and Innovation Agency, Subang, 41213, Indonesia
5.
Research Center for Energy Conversion and Conservation, National Research and Innovation Agency, Subang, 41213, Indonesia

Received: 03 April 2023 Revised: 28 May 2023 Accepted: 18 June 2023 Published: 07 July 2023

Sorghum is a versatile plant with various parts that can be utilized. However, information on the physical and mechanical properties of the sorghum plant is crucial for designing agricultural machinery for primary handling processes such as threshing and chopping. This study aimed to determine the technical characteristics of sorghum plants (Bioguma variety) including the physical and mechanical properties of the stems, leaves, panicles and seeds to design a configuration system concept for threshing and chopping machines capable of processing sorghum plants with high moisture content immediately after harvesting. The study used a descriptive method and included samples of sorghum plants randomly taken from fields in Majalengka and Bogor, Indonesia. The physical and mechanical properties were measured using several replications, ranging from 3 to 30 depending on the parameter. The sorghum plants were harvested at at ages 80, 90 and 108 days after transplanting (DAT). It was found that the moisture content of sorghum stem and seeds decreased with the increase of plant ages where stem ranged between 84.18–79.81 %wb and seeds ranged between 51.7–29.4 %wb. The result revealed that planting ages influenced its properties including stem properties and seed properties. Longer DAT increased the stem hardness from 290.64 ± 29.41 to 350.00 ± 0.81 N and seed hardness from 8.2 ± 1.7 to 44.9 ± 5.4 N but decreased the tensile force of seed form panicles from 16.7 + 3.2 to 6.0 ± 0.8 N. The data on stem strength and seed hardness provide important considerations for the development of several equipment for sorghum processing. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for designing effective and efficient threshing and chopping machines for sorghum plants at high moisture content.
- chopper machine,
- sorghum plants,
- technical characteristics,
- thresher design
Citation: Ana Nurhasanah, Wawan Hermawan, Tineke Mandang, Astu Unadi, Uning Budiharti, Suparlan, Herry Susanto, Anugerah Fitri Amalia, Teguh Wikan Widodo, Maria Josefine Tjaturetna Budiastuti, Ni Putu Dian Nitamiwati, Diang Sagita, Muhammad Hidayat, Arif Samudiantono. Engineering properties of sorghum bioguma-variety for designing appropriate thresher and chopper machine[J]. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2023, 8(3): 720-735. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2023039

Related Papers:

Abstract

Sorghum is a versatile plant with various parts that can be utilized. However, information on the physical and mechanical properties of the sorghum plant is crucial for designing agricultural machinery for primary handling processes such as threshing and chopping. This study aimed to determine the technical characteristics of sorghum plants (Bioguma variety) including the physical and mechanical properties of the stems, leaves, panicles and seeds to design a configuration system concept for threshing and chopping machines capable of processing sorghum plants with high moisture content immediately after harvesting. The study used a descriptive method and included samples of sorghum plants randomly taken from fields in Majalengka and Bogor, Indonesia. The physical and mechanical properties were measured using several replications, ranging from 3 to 30 depending on the parameter. The sorghum plants were harvested at at ages 80, 90 and 108 days after transplanting (DAT). It was found that the moisture content of sorghum stem and seeds decreased with the increase of plant ages where stem ranged between 84.18–79.81 %wb and seeds ranged between 51.7–29.4 %wb. The result revealed that planting ages influenced its properties including stem properties and seed properties. Longer DAT increased the stem hardness from 290.64 ± 29.41 to 350.00 ± 0.81 N and seed hardness from 8.2 ± 1.7 to 44.9 ± 5.4 N but decreased the tensile force of seed form panicles from 16.7 + 3.2 to 6.0 ± 0.8 N. The data on stem strength and seed hardness provide important considerations for the development of several equipment for sorghum processing. The findings of this study can serve as a basis for designing effective and efficient threshing and chopping machines for sorghum plants at high moisture content.

References

[1]	Hariprasanna K, Patil J (2015) Sorghum: Origin, classification, biology and improvement. In: Madhusudhana R, Rajendrakumar P, Patil JV (Eds.), Sorghum Molecular Breeding, 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2422-8_1
[2]	Rashwan AK, Yones HA, Karim N, et al. (2021) Potential processing technologies for developing sorghum-based food products: An update and comprehensive review. Trends Food Sci Technol 110: 168–182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.087 doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.087
[3]	Mesfin AH, Girma F (2022) Understanding sorghum farming system and its implication for future research strategies in humid agro-ecologies in Western Ethiopia. J Agric Food Res 10: 100456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2022.100456 doi: 10.1016/j.jafr.2022.100456
[4]	Kumari NN, Reddy YR, Blümmel M, et al. (2013) Effect of feeding sweet sorghum bagasse silage with or without chopping on nutrient utilization in deccani sheep. Anim Nutr Feed Technol 13: 243–249.
[5]	Ramatoulaye F, Mady C, Fallou S (2016) Production and use sorghum: A literature review. J Nutr Health Food Sci 4: 1–4. https://doi.org/10.15226/jnhfs.2016.00157 doi: 10.15226/jnhfs.2016.00157
[6]	Awad M, Fouda O, Fathy W, et al. (2022) A combined machine for collecting and chopping rice straw. Heliyon 8: e10412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10412 doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10412
[7]	El Ghobashy H, Shaban Y, Okasha M, et al. (2023) Development and evaluation of a dual-purpose machine for chopping and crushing forage crops. Heliyon 9: e15460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15460 doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15460
[8]	Ndukwu MC, Ejirika C (2016) Physical properties of the African walnut (Tetracarpidium conophorum) from Nigeria. Cogent Food Agric 2: 1232849. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2016.1232849 doi: 10.1080/23311932.2016.1232849
[9]	Li Z, Miao F, Andrews J (2017) Mechanical models of compression and impact on fresh fruits. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 16: 1296–1312. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12296 doi: 10.1111/1541-4337.12296
[10]	Ndukwu MC, Ohia A, Anozie O (2019) Influence of moisture content and compression axis on mechanical, physical, and phytochemicals properties of Akuamma (Picralima nitida) fruits and seeds. J Inst of Eng (India): Ser A 100: 417–426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-019-00375-x doi: 10.1007/s40030-019-00375-x
[11]	Mwithiga G, Sifuna MM (2006) Effect of moisture content on the physical properties of three varieties of sorghum seeds. J Food Eng 75: 480–486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.04.053 doi: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.04.053
[12]	Gely MC, Pagano AM (2017) Effect of moisture content on engineering properties of sorghum grains. Agric Eng Int: CIGR J 19: 200–209.
[13]	Simonyan K, El-Okene A, Yiljep Y (2007) Some physical properties of Samaru Sorghum 17 grains. Int Comm Agric Eng 9: 1–15.
[14]	Abedi G, Abdollahpour S, Bakhtiari MR (2019) The physical and mechanical properties of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers as related to the automatic separation from clods and stones. Res Agr Eng 65:77–84. https://doi.org/10.17221/24/2018-RAE doi: 10.17221/24/2018-RAE
[15]	Darmajana DA, Hidayat DD, Indriati A, et al. (2022) Comparative study of changes in physical, mechanical, and colour properties between arabica and robusta coffee beans prior to and after roasting. 2493: 040008. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0109975
[16]	Grundas S, Skubisz G (2008) Physical properties of cereal grain and rape stem. Res Agr Eng 54: 80–90. https://doi.org/10.17221/3/2008-RAE doi: 10.17221/3/2008-RAE
[17]	Sudaryanto A, Hidayat DD, Sagita D, et al. (2022) Engineering properties of the cashew nut in context of designing post-harvest handling and processing machinery. Res Agric Eng 68: 201–209. https://doi.org/10.17221/83/2021-RAE doi: 10.17221/83/2021-RAE
[18]	Singh HJ, De D, Sahoo P (2014) Physical properties of soybean cultivated in NEH region of India. Agric Eng Int: CIGR J 16:55–59.
[19]	Chattopadhyay P, Pandey K (1999) Mechanical properties of sorghum stalk in relation to quasi-static deformation. J Agric Eng Res 73: 199–206. https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.1999.0406 doi: 10.1006/jaer.1999.0406
[20]	Al-Hashemi HMB, Al-Amoudi OSB (2018) A review on the angle of repose of granular materials. Powder Technol 330: 397–417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2018.02.003 doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2018.02.003
[21]	Sagita D (2019) Desain dan konstruksi mesin penyemai benih sayuran portabel tipe vakum untuk pembibitan pada talam semai. J Rekayasa Mesin 10: 265–275. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.jrm.2019.010.03.7 doi: 10.21776/ub.jrm.2019.010.03.7
[22]	Sutejo A, Sutrisno MS, Wawan H, et al. (2020) Kajian karakteristik fisik, mekanik dan aerodinamik daun teh hasil petikan yang telah dilayukan. J Teknik Pertanian Lampung (J Agric Eng) 9: 171–183. https://doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v9i3.171-183 doi: 10.23960/jtep-l.v9i3.171-183
[23]	Sriagtula R (2016) Evaluasi produksi, nilai nutrisi dan karakteristik serat galur sorgum mutan brown midrib sebagai bahan pakan ruminansia. Doctoral thesis. Bogor Agricultural University.
[24]	Sale NA, Muhammed U, Dalha I, et al. (2016) An improved IAR sorghum thresher. Agric Eng Int: CIGR J 18: 119–126.
[25]	Lubis A, Mandang T, Hermawan W (2021) Study of the physical and mechanical characteristics of patchouli plants. AIMS Agric Food 6: 525–538. https://doi.org/10.3934/agrfood.2021030 doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2021030
[26]	Handayani S (2009) Pengujian sifat mekanik bambu (metode pengawetan dengan boraks). J Teknik Sipil Dan Perencanaan 9: 43–53.
[27]	Zein El-den AM, Ahmed SF, Hanafy WM, et al. (2020) Review of some parameters related to the base-cutter of sugarcane harvesters. Misr J Agric Eng 37: 325–330. https://doi.org/10.21608/mjae.2020.47247.1012 doi: 10.21608/mjae.2020.47247.1012
[28]	Seifi MR, Alimardani R (2010) The moisture content effect on some physical and mechanical properties of corn (Sc 704). J Agric Sci 2: 125. https://doi.org/10.5539/jas.v2n4p125 doi: 10.5539/jas.v2n4p125
[29]	El Fawal Y, Tawfik M, El Shal A (2009) Study on physical and engineering properties for grains of some field crops. Misr J Agric Eng 26:1933–1951. https://doi.org/10.21608/mjae.2009.107579 doi: 10.21608/mjae.2009.107579
[30]	Gorial B, O'callaghan J (1991) Separation of particles in a horizontal air stream. J Agric Eng Res 49: 273–284.

Reader Comments

Your name:*

Email:*
© 2023 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)