Neuromodulatory roles of <i>PIPER GUINEENSE</i> and honey against Lead-Induced neurotoxicity in social interactive behaviors and motor activities in rat models

UCHEWA O. Obinna; EMECHETA S. Shallom; EGWU A. Ogugua; EDE C. Joy; IBEGBU O. Augustine; UCHEWA O. Obinna; EMECHETA S. Shallom; EGWU A. Ogugua; EDE C. Joy; IBEGBU O. Augustine

doi:10.3934/Neuroscience.2022026

AIMS Neuroscience

2022, Volume 9, Issue 4: 460-478. doi: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2022026

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Research article

Neuromodulatory roles of PIPER GUINEENSE and honey against Lead-Induced neurotoxicity in social interactive behaviors and motor activities in rat models

Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo (AE-FUNAI), Ebonyi State, PMB 1010, Nigeria

Received: 25 July 2022 Revised: 30 October 2022 Accepted: 01 November 2022 Published: 15 November 2022

Background
Piper guineense and honey contain antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties that can help restore neuronal and other cell damage. To investigate the neuromodulatory roles of p. guineense and honey against lead toxicity on the hippocampus and cerebellum, impairing social behaviors and motor activities.

Methodology
Thirty Wistar rats were separated into six groups of five rats each, marked with dye. Group A served as control; B was untreated lead; C was a medium dose of the extract (50 mg/kg) and honey (1000 mg/kg); D was a high dose of the extract (80 mg/kg) and honey (1500 mg/kg); E received extract (80 mg/kg), and F received honey (1500 mg/kg). All groups received 110 mg/kg of lead orally, except the control. Social interaction, antidepressant effects, and motor activities were studied using a sociability chamber (SC), Forced Swim Test (FST), and String methods. A blood sample was used to evaluate glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione oxide transaminase (GOT), while the lipid level was estimated using cerebellar homogenate. Neuronal damage, vacuolation, necrosis, cell degeneration, and alterations in both hippocampus and cerebellum marked untreated group, with decreased GPx and GOT activities followed by impaired motor activities, social behavior, memory, and motivation. Using SCT, group B spent significantly lesser time (47.60 ± 47.60) with stranger 1 compared to A (138.20 ± 34.05), while group C spent considerably more time with stranger 1 (86.80 ± 30.32) than group B at P ≥ 0.05. The treatment increased the enzyme level and restored histoarchitecture (Figures 1–12), improving motor activities, social behavior, memory, motivation, and social affiliation (Tables 3, 4, 2, and 6). The extract and honey may be helpful as neuromodulators in lead toxicity in a dose-dependent manner.
- lead aacetate,
- behavior,
- motor activities,
- neuromodulator,
- neurotoxicity,
- social interaction
Citation: UCHEWA O. Obinna, EMECHETA S. Shallom, EGWU A. Ogugua, EDE C. Joy, IBEGBU O. Augustine. Neuromodulatory roles of PIPER GUINEENSE and honey against Lead-Induced neurotoxicity in social interactive behaviors and motor activities in rat models[J]. AIMS Neuroscience, 2022, 9(4): 460-478. doi: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2022026

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Abstract

Background

Piper guineense and honey contain antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties that can help restore neuronal and other cell damage. To investigate the neuromodulatory roles of p. guineense and honey against lead toxicity on the hippocampus and cerebellum, impairing social behaviors and motor activities.

Methodology

Thirty Wistar rats were separated into six groups of five rats each, marked with dye. Group A served as control; B was untreated lead; C was a medium dose of the extract (50 mg/kg) and honey (1000 mg/kg); D was a high dose of the extract (80 mg/kg) and honey (1500 mg/kg); E received extract (80 mg/kg), and F received honey (1500 mg/kg). All groups received 110 mg/kg of lead orally, except the control. Social interaction, antidepressant effects, and motor activities were studied using a sociability chamber (SC), Forced Swim Test (FST), and String methods. A blood sample was used to evaluate glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione oxide transaminase (GOT), while the lipid level was estimated using cerebellar homogenate. Neuronal damage, vacuolation, necrosis, cell degeneration, and alterations in both hippocampus and cerebellum marked untreated group, with decreased GPx and GOT activities followed by impaired motor activities, social behavior, memory, and motivation. Using SCT, group B spent significantly lesser time (47.60 ± 47.60) with stranger 1 compared to A (138.20 ± 34.05), while group C spent considerably more time with stranger 1 (86.80 ± 30.32) than group B at P ≥ 0.05. The treatment increased the enzyme level and restored histoarchitecture (Figures 1–12), improving motor activities, social behavior, memory, motivation, and social affiliation (Tables 3, 4, 2, and 6). The extract and honey may be helpful as neuromodulators in lead toxicity in a dose-dependent manner.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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