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Research article

Plasma HGF concentration in patients with brain tumors

Running title:Running headline: HGF in patients with brain tumors
  • The Hepatocyte Growth Factor is a strong mitogenic factor and seems to play important role in tumor angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to analyse the plasma concentration of this factor in patients treated surgically because of intracranial tumors. The study included 47 patients, both sexes treated surgically for intracranial tumors and 30 adult volunteers of both sexes, without cancer diagnosis. In study group 4 measurements of plasma HGF were taken: measurement 1: within 24 hours to 1 hour before the operation (preoperative), measurement 2: on the first day after the operation, i.e. after 24 hours, measurement 3: between the third and fifth day following the treatment, i.e. within 72–120 hours, and measurement 4: on the seventh day after the operation, i.e. after 840 hours. In control group only one measurement was taken. The distribution of the analyzed parameters was different from the normal distribution, therefore nonparametric statistics were used. The result values are presented in the form of a median (Me). The analysis revealed that HGR plasma levels in the patients with intracranial tumors in all 4 measurements (Me1 = 543.16 pg/ml, Me2 = 762.59 pg/ml, Me3 = 819.82 pg/ml, Me4 = 804.82 pg/ml) in the perioperative period were elevated in comparison to healthy subjects (Me = 361.04 pg/ml). The association has been shown to exist between postoperative HGF plasma levels and the clinical condition of patients with intracranial tumors (p = 0.0342). Postoperative HGF levels correlated negatively with the patients' postoperative condition. It was also found that in patients with supratentorial tumors HGF plasma levels were higher (Me = 557.74 pg/ml) in comparison to patients with posterior fossa tumors (Me = 325.00 pg/ml). These results suggest increased angiogenic and mitogenic activity in patients with intracranial tumors and its even greater intensity in the postoperative period. Greater angiogenic activity appears to occur in patients with supratentorial tumors.

    Citation: Zygmunt Siedlecki, Sebastian Grzyb, Danuta Rość, Maciej Śniegocki. Plasma HGF concentration in patients with brain tumors[J]. AIMS Neuroscience, 2020, 7(2): 107-119. doi: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2020008

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  • The Hepatocyte Growth Factor is a strong mitogenic factor and seems to play important role in tumor angiogenesis. The purpose of this study was to analyse the plasma concentration of this factor in patients treated surgically because of intracranial tumors. The study included 47 patients, both sexes treated surgically for intracranial tumors and 30 adult volunteers of both sexes, without cancer diagnosis. In study group 4 measurements of plasma HGF were taken: measurement 1: within 24 hours to 1 hour before the operation (preoperative), measurement 2: on the first day after the operation, i.e. after 24 hours, measurement 3: between the third and fifth day following the treatment, i.e. within 72–120 hours, and measurement 4: on the seventh day after the operation, i.e. after 840 hours. In control group only one measurement was taken. The distribution of the analyzed parameters was different from the normal distribution, therefore nonparametric statistics were used. The result values are presented in the form of a median (Me). The analysis revealed that HGR plasma levels in the patients with intracranial tumors in all 4 measurements (Me1 = 543.16 pg/ml, Me2 = 762.59 pg/ml, Me3 = 819.82 pg/ml, Me4 = 804.82 pg/ml) in the perioperative period were elevated in comparison to healthy subjects (Me = 361.04 pg/ml). The association has been shown to exist between postoperative HGF plasma levels and the clinical condition of patients with intracranial tumors (p = 0.0342). Postoperative HGF levels correlated negatively with the patients' postoperative condition. It was also found that in patients with supratentorial tumors HGF plasma levels were higher (Me = 557.74 pg/ml) in comparison to patients with posterior fossa tumors (Me = 325.00 pg/ml). These results suggest increased angiogenic and mitogenic activity in patients with intracranial tumors and its even greater intensity in the postoperative period. Greater angiogenic activity appears to occur in patients with supratentorial tumors.



    Fractional calculus is an essential research area, which is equally useful not only in pure mathematics but also in applied mathematics, physics, biology, engineering, economics and control theory etc. In recent years, study on fractional differential equations is very dynamic and widespread around the world. Some of its applications in diverse fields are discussed in [1,2]. Optical solitons of time-fractional higher-order nonlinear Schr¨odinger equation and soliton molecule solutions of nonlinear Schr¨odinger equations are established by Dai et al. [3,4]. A hybrid analytical solution to examine the fractional model of the nonlinear wave-like equation is explored by Kumar et al. [5]. Numerical solutions with linearization techniques of the fractional Harry Dym equation are established in [6].

    Many researchers have discussed fractional calculus operators [7,8]. The composition of Erdélyi-Kober fractional operators is presented in [9]. Mishra et al. discussed the Marichev-Saigo-Maeda fractional calculus operators on the product of Srivastava polynomials and generalized Mittag-Leffler function [10]. Certain Integral operators involving the Gauss hypergeometric functions are elaborated in [11,12]. A brief study of fractional calculus operators on generalized multivariable Mittag-Leffler function is presented by Suthar et al. [13]. A brief systematic history of the generalized fractional calculus operators and their applications is being profoundly analyzed in [14,15]. A concise description of generalized fractional calculus operators together with their applications is available in [16,17,18].

    A variety of research publications are continuously in progress regarding the generalization of classical fractional calculus operators. In this continuation, many researchers established generalized fractional operator and their applications[19,20]. Smraiz et al. modified the (k,s) fractional integral operator involving k-Mittag-Leffler function and also discussed the applications of (k,s)-Hilfer-Prabhakar fractional derivative in mathematical physics [21,22]. Can et al. have discussed the global existence for a mild solution of fractional Volterra integro-differential equations [23] and inverse source problem for the time-fractional diffusion equation with Mittag-Leffler kernel [24]. They also explored regularized solution approximation for the fractional pseudo-parabolic problem with a nonlinear source term in [25].

    For our study, we start with k versions of Saigo fractional integral and derivative operators involving the k-hypergeometric function in the kernel which were introduced by Gupta and Parihar [26] and are defined as follows:

    For wR+, ϵ,ϱ,χC with Re(ϵ)>0, k>0, we have

    (Iϵ,ϱ,χ0+,kf)(w)=wϵϱkkΓk(ϵ)w0(wt)ϵk1×2F1,k((ϵ+ϱ,k),(χ,k);(ϵ,k);(1tw))f(t)dt. (1.1)
    (Iϵ,ϱ,χ,kf)(w)=1kΓk(ϵ)w(tw)ϵk1tϵϱk×2F1,k((ϵ+ϱ,k),(χ,k);(ϵ,k);(1wt))f(t)dt. (1.2)
    (Dϵ,ϱ,χ0+,kf)(w)=(ddw)n(Iϵ+n,ϱn,ϵ+χn0+,kf)w,n=[Re(ϵ)+1]=(ddw)nwϵ+ϱkkΓk(ϵ+n)w0(wt)ϵk+n1×2F1,k((ϵϱ,k),(χϵ+n,k);(ϵ+n,k);(1tw))f(t)dt. (1.3)
    (Dϵ,ϱ,χ,kf)(w)=(ddw)n(Iϵ+n,ϱn,ϵ+χ,kf)w,n=[Re(ϵ)+1]=(ddw)n1kΓk(ϵ+n)w(tw)ϵnk1tϵ+ϱk×2F1,k((ϵϱ,k),(χϵ+n,k);(ϵ+n,k);(1wt))f(t)dt. (1.4)

    Where [Re(ϵ)] is the integer part of Re(ϵ) and 2F1,k((ϵ,k),(ϱ,k);(χ,k);w) is the k-hypergeometric function defined by Mubeen and Habibullah in [19] as:

    For wC, |w|<1, Re(χ)>Re(ϱ)>0,

    2F1,k((ϵ,k),(ϱ,k);(χ,k);w)=n=0(ϵ)n,k(ϱ)n,kwn(χ)n,kn!. (1.5)

    The benefit of the generalized k-fractional calculus operators is that they generalize classical Saigo's fractional operators and classical Riemann-Liouville operators. For k1, (1.1)–(1.4) condense to the Saigo's fractional integral and differential operators [11]. If we take ϱ=ϵ in (1.1)–(1.4), we have the k- Riemann-Liouville operators as follows:

    (Iϵ,ϱ,χ0+,kf)(w)=(Iϵ0+,kf)(w), (1.6)
    (Iϵ,ϱ,χ,kf)(w)=(Iϵ,kf)(w), (1.7)
    (Dϵ,ϱ,χ0+,kf)(w)=(Dϵ0+,kf)(w), (1.8)
    (Dϵ,ϱ,χ,kf)(w)=(Dϵ,kf)(w) (1.9)

    and for k1, Eqs (1.6)–(1.9) reduce to classical Riemann-Liouville fractional operators.

    Now, we will state the lemmas presented in [26] which will be helpful to prove our main results.

    Lemma 1.1. Let ϵ,ρ,χ,λC, kR+(0,), Re(λ)>max[0,Re(ϱχ)]. Then

    (Iϵ,ϱ,χ0+,ktλk1)(w)=n=0knΓk(λ)Γk(λϱ+χ)Γk(λϱ)Γk(λ+ϵ+χ)wλϱk1. (1.10)

    Lemma 1.2. Let ϵ,ρ,χ,λC, kR+(0,), Re(λ)>max[Re(ϱ),Re(χ)]. Then

    (Iϵ,ϱ,χ,ktλk)(w)=n=0knΓk(λ+ϱ)Γk(λ+χ)Γk(λ)Γk(λ+ϵ+ϱ+χ)wλϱk. (1.11)

    Lemma 1.3. Let ϵ,ρ,χ,λC, kR+(0,), n=Re[ϵ]+1 such that Re(λ)>max[0,Re(ϵϱχ)]. Then

    (Dϵ,ϱ,χ0+,ktλk1)(w)=n=0Γk(λ)Γk(λ+ϱ+χ+ϵ)Γk(λ+χ)Γk(λ+ϱ+nnk)wλ+ϱ+nkn1. (1.12)

    Lemma 1.4. Let ϵ,ρ,χ,λC, n=Re[ϵ]+1, kR+(0,) such that Re(λ)>max[Re(ϵχ),Re(ϱnk+n)]. Then

    (Dϵ,ϱ,χ,ktλk)(w)=n=0Γk(λϱn+nk)Γk(λ+ϵ+χ)Γk(λ)Γk(λϱ+χ)wλϱ+nkn. (1.13)

    Gehlot and Prajapati in [27] defined the k-Wright function as follows:

    For kR+, w,ai,bjC, Ai,BjR(Ai,Bj)0 where i=1,2,..u;j=1,2,..v and (ai+Ain),(bj+Bjn)CkZ,

    uψkv[(a1,A1),..(au,Au);(b1,B1),..(bv,Bv);z]=n=0Γk(a1,nA1)..Γk(au,nAu)znΓk(b1,nB1)..Γk(bv,nBv)n!, (1.14)

    with convergence condition

    1+uj=1Bjkvi=1Aik>0, (1.15)

    for reasonably bounded values of |z|.

    The Lommel-Wright k-function is defined as follows:

    J,m,,k(z)=(z2)+2kn=0(1)n(z2)2n(Γk(+k+nk))mΓk(++k+n), (1.16)

    where zC|(,0],>0,mN,kR,,C and Γk(Z) is the k-gamma function introduced by Diaz and Pariguan [28] given by

    Γk(z)=limnn!kn(nk)ωk1(ω)n,k,

    with k-Pochhammer symbol (ω)n,k given by

    (ω)n,k=ω(ω+k)(ω+2k)....(ω+(n1)k),xC,kR,nN+.

    The classical Eulers Gamma function and Gamma k-function are related with following relation

    Γk(ω)=kωk1Γ(ωk).

    The Lommel-Wright k-function can also be expressed in the form of k-Wright function as:

    J,m,,k(z)=(z2)+2k1ψkm+1[(k,k);(+k,k)mtimes,(++k,);z24k]. (1.17)

    For m=1 in (1.16), we define the generalized Bessel-Maitland k-function as:

    J,,k(z)=(z2)+2kn=0(1)n(z2)2nΓk(+k+nk)Γk(++k+n). (1.18)

    It is observed that for k=1, generalized Lommel-Wright k-function reduces to generalized Lommel-Wright function as given in [29] and for m=k=1, we get the Bessel-Maitland function presented in [29]. It also capitulates connection with the classical Bessel function J(z) mentioned in [30] for m==k=1 and =0.

    As various kinds of generalized fractional calculus operators involving different special functions are in consistent development. The papers on certain generalized fractional operators and integral transform [31,32,33] serve as inspiration for our presented work. This work backs up the prior results and contributes to the field by making broad generalizations.

    The layout of the paper is as follows: In section 2, we established the formulas for generalized Saigo fractional integrals involving generalized Lommel-Wright function and some of its cases are also discussed as corollaries. Section 3 is devoted to developing the generalized Saigo fractional differentiation formulas involving generalized Lommel-Wright function along with its special consequences. In Section 4, extended Beta transform is applied to the generalized Lommel-Wright function. The last section contains concluding remarks.

    In this section, we develop the formulas for Saigo k-fractional integrals (1.1) and (1.2) associated with Lommel-Wright k-function. These results are expressed in terms of k-Wright function.

    Theorem 2.1. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, mN, kR+, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Reλ>max[0,Re(ϱχ)] and Re(λ+χϱ)>0. If condition given by (1.15) is satisfied and Iϵ,ϱ,χ0+,k is the left sided integral operator of the generalized k-fractional integration considering k-hypergeometric function. Then the subsequent formula

    (Iϵ,ϱ,χ0+,ktλk1J,m,,k(tσk))(w)=wσ(+2k)+λϱk1(12)(+2k)×3ψkm+3[(σ(+2k)+λ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+λϱ+χ,2σ),(k,k);(+k,k)mtimes,(++k,),(σ(+2k)+λϱ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+λ+ϵ+ϱ+χ,2σ);w2σk4] (2.1)

    holds.

    Proof. Using Eq (1.16) in the left hand side of Eq (2.1), we get

    =[Iϵ,ϱ,χ0+,ktλk1n=0(1)n(Γk(+k+nk))mΓk(++k+n)(tσk2)+2k+2n](w) (2.2)
    =n=0(1)n12+2k+2n(Γk(+k+nk))mΓk(++k+n)[Iϵ,ϱ,χ0+,k(tσ(+2k)+λ+2σnk1)](w). (2.3)

    Applying Lemma 1.1, we obtain

    =wσ(+2k)+λϱk1(12)+2kn=01(Γk(+k+nk))mΓk(++k+n)×Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λϱ+χ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λϱ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+ϱ+ϵ+χ+2σn)(kw2σk4)n. (2.4)

    Multiplying and dividing by Γ(n+1) and using Γ(n+1)=knΓk(nk+k), we get

    =wσ(+2k)+λϱk1(12)+2kn=0knΓk(k+nk)(Γk(+k+nk))mΓk(++k+n)n!×Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λϱ+χ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λϱ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+ϱ+ϵ+χ+2σn)(kw2σk4)n. (2.5)

    Using Eq (1.14) in (2.5), we have the desired formula.

    Theorem 2.2. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, mN, kR+, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(λ+ϵ)>max[Re(ϱ)Re(χ)] and Re(ϱ)Re(χ). If condition (1.15) is satisfied and Iϵ,ϱ,χ,k is the right sided integral operator of the generalized k-fractional integration considering k-hypergeometric function. Then the subsequent formula

    (Iϵ,ϱ,χ,ktϵλkJ,m,,k(tσk))(w)=wσ(+2k)+ϵ+λϱk(12)(+2k)×3ψkm+3[(σ(+2k)+ϵ+λ+ϱ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+ϵ+λ+χ,2σ),(k,k);(+k,k)mtimes,(++k,),(σ(+2k)+ϵ+λ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+2ϵ+λ+ϱ+χ,2σ);w2σk4] (2.6)

    holds.

    Proof. The proof of Theorem 2.2 runs parallel to Theorem 2.1.

    The findings in (2.1) and (2.6) are very general in nature and can result in a large number of individual cases. Allocating some acceptable values to the parameters involved, we have the following corollaries.

    Using m=1, the results (2.1) and (2.6) take the form.

    Corollary 2.3. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, kR+, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Reλ>max[0,Re(ϱχ)] and Re(λ+χϱ)>0. Then the subsequent formula

    (Iϵ,ϱ,χ0+,ktλk1J,,k(tσk))(w)=wσ(+2k)+λϱk1(12)(+2k)×3ψk4[(σ(+2k)+λ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+λϱ+χ,2σ),(k,k);(+k,k),(++k,),(σ(+2k)+λϱ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+λ+ϵ+ϱ+χ,2σ);w2σk4] (2.7)

    is true.

    Corollary 2.4. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, mN, kR+, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(λ+ϵ)>max[Re(ϱ)Re(χ)] and Re(ϱ)Re(χ). Then the subsequent formula

    (Iϵ,ϱ,χ,ktϵλkJ,,k(tσk))(w)=wσ(+2k)+ϵ+λϱk(12)(+2k)×3ψk4[(σ(+2k)+ϵ+λ+ϱ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+ϵ+λ+χ,2σ),(k,k);(+k,k),(++k,),(σ(+2k)+ϵ+λ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+2ϵ+λ+ϱ+χ,2σ);w2σk4] (2.8)

    is true.

    Letting k=1, we have the generalized Lommel-Wright function and the corresponding formulas are presented in subsequent corollaries.

    Corollary 2.5. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, mN, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Reλ>max[0,Re(ϱχ)] and Re(λ+χϱ)>0. Then the subsequent formula

    (Iϵ,ϱ,χ0+tλ1J,m,(tσ))(w)=wσ(+2)+λϱ1(12)(+2)×3ψm+3[(σ(+2)+λ,2σ),(σ(+2)+λϱ+χ,2σ),(1,1);(+1,1)mtimes,(++1,),(σ(+2)+λϱ,2σ),(σ(+2)+λ+ϵ+ϱ+χ,2σ);w2σ4] (2.9)

    holds.

    Corollary 2.6. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, mN, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(λ+ϵ)>max[Re(ϱ)Re(χ)] and Re(ϱ)Re(χ). Then the subsequent formula

    (Iϵ,ϱ,χtϵλJ,m,(tσ))(w)=wσ(+2)+ϵ+λ+ϱ(12)(+2)×3ψm+3[(σ(+2)+ϵ+λ+ϱ,2σ),(σ(+2)+ϵ+λ+χ,2σ),(1,1);(+1,1)mtimes,(++1,),(σ(+2)+ϵ+λ,2σ),(σ(+2)+2ϵλ+ϱ+χ,2σ);w2σ4] (2.10)

    holds.

    For m=k==1 and =0, the corresponding corollaries are as given below.

    Corollary 2.7. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, mN, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Reλ>max[0,Re(ϱχ)] and Re(λ+χϱ)>0. Then the subsequent formula holds

    (Iϵ,ϱ,χ0+tλ1J1,1(tσ))(w)=wσ(+)+λϱ1(12)×2ψ3[(σ+λ,2σ),(σ+λϱ+χ,2σ);(+1,1),(σ+λϱ,2σ),(σ+λ+ϵ+ϱ+χ,2σ);w2σ4]. (2.11)

    Corollary 2.8. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, mN, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(λ+ϵ)>max[Re(ϱ)Re(χ)] and Re(ϱ)Re(χ). Then the subsequent formula holds

    (Iϵ,ϱ,χtϵλJ1,1(tσ))(w)=wσ+ϵ+λ+ϱ(12)×2ψ3[(σ+ϵ+λ+ϱ,2σ),(σ+ϵ+λ+χ,2σ);(+1,1),(σ+ϵ+λ,2σ),(σ+2ϵλ+ϱ+χ,2σ);w2σ4]. (2.12)

    In this part, we will present formulas for differentiation using Saigo k-fractional differential operators given by (1.3) and (1.4) involving generalized Lomme-Wright k-function. These formulae are presented in terms of k-Wright function.

    Theorem 3.1. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, mN, kR+, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(λ)>max[0,Re(ϵϱχ)] and Re(λ+χ+ϱ)>0. If condition (1.15) holds and Dϵ,ϱ,χ0+,k is the left sided operator of the generalized k-fractional differentiation considering k-hypergeometric function. Then the following formula

    (Dϵ,ϱ,χ0+,ktλk1J,m,,k(tσk))(w)=wσ(+2k)+λϱk1(12)(+2k)×3ψkm+3[(σ(+2k)+λ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+λ+ϵ+ϱ+χ,2σ),(k,k);(+k,k)mtimes,(++k,),(σ(+2k)+λ+χ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+λ,2σk+1);w(2σ+1k)14k] (3.1)

    holds true.

    Proof. By means of Eq (1.16) we can write the left hand side of Eq (3.1) as follows:

    =[Dϵ,ϱ,χ0+,ktλk1n=0(1)n(Γk(+k+nk))mΓk(++k+n)(tσk2)+2k+2n](w), (3.2)
    =n=0(1)n12+2k+2n(Γk(+k+nk))mΓk(++k+n)[Dϵ,ϱ,χ0+,k(tσ(+2k)+λ+2σnk1)](w). (3.3)

    Using Lemma 1.3 in Eq (3.3), we obtain

    =wσ(+2k)+λ+ϱk1(12)+2kn=01(Γk(+k+nk))mΓk(++k+n)×Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+ϵ+ϱ+χ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+χ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+2σnkn+n).(w2σ+1k14)n. (3.4)

    Multiplying and dividing by Γ(n+1) and using Γ(n+1)=knΓk(nk+k), we get

    =wσ(+2k)+λ+ϱk1(12)+2kn=0knΓk(nk+k)(Γk(+k+nk))mΓk(++k+n)n!×Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+ϵ+ϱ+χ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+χ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+2σnkn+n)(w2σ+1k14)n. (3.5)

    By means of Definition (1.14) in (3.5), we obtain the formula (3.1).

    Theorem 3.2. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, mN, kR+, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(ϱ)>max[Re(ϵ+ϱ)+nRe(χ)] and Re(ϵ+ϱχ)+n0, where n=[Re(ϵ)+1] If condition (1.15) is satisfied and (Dϵ,ϱ,χ,k is the right sided operator of the generalized k-fractional differentiation considering k-hypergeometric function. Then the subsequent formula

    (Dϵ,ϱ,χ,ktϵλkJ,m,,k(tσk))(w)=wσ(+2k)+ϵλ+ϱk(12)(+2k)×3ψkm+3[(σ(+2k)+λϵϱ,2σ+k1),(σ(+2k)+λ+χ,2σ),(k,k);(+k,k)mtimes,(++k,),(σ(+2k)+λϵ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+λϵϱ+χ,2σ);w2σ+1k14k] (3.6)

    holds.

    Proof. The proof of Theorem 3.2 is similiar to Theorem 3.1.

    Now, we discuss some special cases.

    For m=1 the results (3.1) and (3.6) are established in the form of following corollaries.

    Corollary 3.3. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, kR+, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(λ)>max[0,Re(ϵϱχ)] and Re(λ+χ+ϱ)>0. If condition in (1.15) holds then the subsequent formula

    (Dϵ,ϱ,χ0+,ktλk1J,,k(tσk))(w)=wσ(+2k)+λϱk1(12)(+2k)×3ψk4[(σ(+2k)+λ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+λ+ϵ+ϱ+χ,2σ),(k,k);(+k,k),(++k,),(σ(+2k)+λ+χ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+λ,2σk+1);w(2σ+1k)14k] (3.7)

    is true.

    Corollary 3.4. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, kR+, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(ϱ)>max[Re(ϵ+ϱ)+nRe(χ)] and Re(ϵ+ϱχ)+n0, where n=[Re(ϵ)+1]. If condition in (1.15) is satisfied then the subsequent formula holds

    (Dϵ,ϱ,χ,ktϵλkJ,m,,k(tσk))(w)=wσ(+2k)+ϵλ+ϱk(12)(+2k)×3ψk4[(σ(+2k)+λϵϱ,2σ+k1),(σ(+2k)+λ+χ,2σ),(k,k);(+k,k),(++k,),(σ(+2k)+λϵ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+λϵϱ+χ,2σ);w2σ+1k14k]. (3.8)

    For k=1, in Eqs. (3.1) and (3.6), the obtained corollaries are given below.

    Corollary 3.5. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, mN, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(λ)>max[0,Re(ϵϱχ)] and Re(λ+χ+ϱ)>0. If condition in (1.15) holds then the subsequent formula is true

    (Dϵ,ϱ,χ0+tλ1J,m,(tσ))(w)=wσ(+2)+λϱ1(12)(+2)×3ψm+3[(σ(+2)+λ,2σ),(σ(+2)+λ+ϵ+ϱ+χ,2σ),(1,1);(+1,1)mtimes,(++1,),(σ(+2)+λ+χ,2σ),(σ(+2)+λ,2σ);w2σ4]. (3.9)

    Corollary 3.6. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, mN, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(ϱ)>max[Re(ϵ+ϱ)+nRe(χ)] and Re(ϵ+ϱχ)+n0, where n=[Re(ϵ)+1]. If condition in (1.15) is satisfied then the subsequent formula holds

    (Dϵ,ϱ,χtϵλJ,m,(tσ))(w)=wσ(+2)+ϵλ+ϱ(12)(+2)×3ψm+3[(σ(+2)+λϵϱ,2σ),(σ(+2)+λ+χ,2σ),(1,1);(+1,1)mtimes,(++1,),(σ(+2)+λϵ,2σ),(σ(+2)+λϵϱ+χ,2σ);w2σ4]. (3.10)

    For m=k==1 and =0, the subsequent corollaries are as follows:

    Corollary 3.7. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, mN, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(λ)>max[0,Re(ϵϱχ)] and Re(λ+χ+ϱ)>0. If condition in (1.15) holds then the subsequent formula is true

    (Dϵ,ϱ,χ0+tλ1J1,1(tσ))(w)=wσ)+λϱ1(12)()×2ψ3[(σ)+λ,2σ),(σ+λ+ϵ+ϱ+χ,2σ);(+1,1),(σ+λ+χ,2σ),(σ+λ,2σ);w2σ4]. (3.11)

    Corollary 3.8. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(ϱ)>max[Re(ϵ+ϱ)+nRe(χ)] and Re(ϵ+ϱχ)+n0, where n=[Re(ϵ)+1] If condition in (1.15) is satisfied then the subsequent formula holds

    (Dϵ,ϱ,χtϵλJ1,1(tσ))(w)=wσ+ϵλ+ϱ(12)×2ψ3[(σ+λϵϱ,2σ),(σ+λ+χ,2σ),(1,1);(+1,1),(σ+λϵ,2σ),(σ+λϵϱ+χ,2σ);w2σ4]. (3.12)

    In this part, we will discuss some theorems on integral transforms of generalized Lommel-Wright k-function connecting with the results established in previous sections.

    The k-beta function presented in [34] as:

    For r,s>0

    Bk(r,s)=1k10trk1(1t)sk1dt. (4.1)

    It can also be written as

    Bk(l(t);r,s)=1k10trk1(1t)sk1l(t)dt. (4.2)

    The relation between k-beta function and the classical one is

    Bk(r,s)=1kB(rk,sk)=Γk(r)Γk(s)Γk(r+s). (4.3)

    Theorem 4.1. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, mN, kR+, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Reλ>max[0,Re(ϱχ)]. Then the following formula is true

    Bk((Iϵ,ϱ,χ0+,ktλk1J,m,,k(zt)σk))(w);r,s)=wσ(+2k)+λϱk1(12)(+2k)Γk(s)×4ψkm+4[(σ(+2k)+λ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+λϱ+χ,2σ),(r+σ(+2k),2σ),(k,k);(+k,k)mtimes,(++k,),(σ(+2k)+λϱ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+λ+ϵ+ϱ+χ,2σ),(r+s+σ(+2k,2σ);w2σk4]. (4.4)

    Proof. Using Eqs (1.16) and (4.2) in the left hand side of Eq (4.4), we can write

    =1k10zrk1(1z)sk1[Iϵ,ϱ,χ0+,ktλk1n=0(1)n(Γk(+k+nk))mΓk(++k+n)×((zt)σk2)+2k+2n](w)dz, (4.5)

    which implies

    =n=0(1)n12+2k+2n(Γk(+k+nk))mΓk(++k+n)[Iϵ,ϱ,χ0+,k(tσ(+2k)+λ+2σnk1)](w)×10zr+σ(+2k)+2σnk1(1z)sk1dz. (4.6)

    Applying Lemma 1.1 and using Eq (4.3), we obtain

    =wσ(+2k)+λϱk1(12)+2kn=01(Γk(+k+nk))mΓk(++k+n)×Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λϱ+χ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λϱ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+ϱ+ϵ+χ+2σn)×Γk(r+σ(+2k)+2σn)Γk(s)Γk(r+s+σ(+2k)+2σn)(kw2σk4)n. (4.7)

    Multiplying and dividing by Γ(n+1) and using Γ(n+1)=knΓk(nk+k), we get

    =wσ(+2k)+λϱk1(12)+2kn=0knΓk(k+nk)(Γk(+k+nk))mΓk(++k+n)n!×Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λϱ+χ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λϱ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+ϱ+ϵ+χ+2σn)×Γk(r+σ(+2k)+2σn)Γk(s)Γk(r+s+σ(+2k)+2σn)(w2σk4)n. (4.8)

    By combining Eqs (1.14) and (4.8), we get our required result (4.4).

    Theorem 4.2. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, mN, kR+, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(λ+ϵ)>max[Re(ϱ)Re(χ)]. Then the following formula is true

    Bk((Iϵ,ϱ,χ,ktϵλkJ,m,,k(zt)σk)(w);r,s)=wσ(+2k)+ϵ+λϱk(12)(+2k)Γk(s)×4ψkm+4[(σ(+2k)+ϵ+λ+ϱ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+ϵ+λ+χ,2σ),(r+σ(+2k,2σ),(k,k);(+k,k)mtimes,(++k,),(σ(+2k)+ϵ+λ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+2ϵ+λ+ϱ+χ,2σ),(r+s+σ(+2k,2σ);w2σk4]. (4.9)

    Proof. The proof is similar to Theorem 4.1.

    Theorem 4.3. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, mN, kR+, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(λ)>max[0,Re(ϵϱχ)]. Then the subsequent formula is true

    Bk((Dϵ,ϱ,χ0+,ktλk1J,m,,k(zt)σk)(w);r,s)=wσ(+2k)+λϱk1(12)(+2k)Γk(s)×4ψkm+4[(σ(+2k)+λ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+λ+ϵ+ϱ+χ,2σ),(r+σ(+2k,2σ),(k,k);(+k,k)mtimes,(++k,),(σ(+2k)+λ+χ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+λ,2σk+1),(r+s+σ(+2k,2σ);w(2σ+1k)14k]. (4.10)

    Proof. By means of Eqs (1.16) and (4.2) in the left hand side of Eq (4.10), we have

    =1k10zrk1(1z)sk1[Dϵ,ϱ,χ0+,ktλk1n=0(1)n(Γk(+k+nk))mΓk(++k+n)×(tσk2)+2k+2n](w)dz. (4.11)

    On simplification, we obtain

    =n=0(1)n12+2k+2n(Γk(+k+nk))mΓk(++k+n)[Dϵ,ϱ,χ0+,k(tσ(+2k)+λ+2σnk1)](w)×10zr+σ(+2k)+2σnk1(1z)sk1dz. (4.12)

    Using Lemma 1.3 and relation (4.3), we get

    =wσ(+2k)+λ+ϱk1(12)+2kn=01(Γk(+k+nk))mΓk(++k+n)×Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+ϵ+ϱ+χ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+χ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+2σnkn+n)×Γk(r+σ(+2k)+2σn)Γk(s)Γk(r+s+σ(+2k)+2σn)(w2σ+1k14)n. (4.13)

    Multiplying and dividing by Γ(n+1) and using Γ(n+1)=knΓk(nk+k), we get

    =wσ(+2k)+λ+ϱk1(12)+2kn=0knΓk(nk+k)(Γk(+k+nk))mΓk(++k+n)n!×Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+ϵ+ϱ+χ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+χ+2σn)Γk(σ(+2k)+λ+2σnkn+n)×Γk(r+σ(+2k)+2σn)Γk(s)Γk(r+s+σ(+2k)+2σn)(w2σ+1k14)n. (4.14)

    By means of definition (1.14), the proof is done.

    Theorem 4.4. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, mN, kR+, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(λ)>max[Re(ϵχ)nk+n]. Then the subsequent formula is true

    Bk((Dϵ,ϱ,χ,ktϵλkJ,m,,k(zt)σk)(w);r,s)=wσ(+2k)+ϵλ+ϱk(12)(+2k)Γk(s)×4ψkm+4[(σ(+2k)+λϵϱ,2σ+k1),(σ(+2k)+λ+χ,2σ),(r+σ(+2k,2σ),(k,k);(+k,k)mtimes,(++k,),(σ(+2k)+λϵ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+λϵϱ+χ,2σ),(r+s+σ(+2k,2σ);w2σ+1k14k]. (4.15)

    Proof. The proof of Theorem 4.4 runs parallel to Theorem 4.3.

    Now, we will discuss some special cases.

    By substituting m=1 in Eqs (4.4), (4.9), (4.10) and (4.15), we establish the following corollaries.

    Corollary 4.5. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, kR+, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Reλ>max[0,Re(ϱχ)]. Then the following formula is true

    Bk((Iϵ,ϱ,χ0+,ktλk1J,,k(zt)σk))(w);r,s)=wσ(+2k)+λϱk1(12)(+2k)Γk(s)×4ψk5[(σ(+2k)+λ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+λϱ+χ,2σ),(r+σ(+2k,2σ),(k,k);(+k,k),(++k,),(σ(+2k)+λϱ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+λ+ϵ+ϱ+χ,2σ),(r+s+σ(+2k,2σ);w2σk4]. (4.16)

    Corollary 4.6. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, kR+, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(λ+ϵ)>max[Re(ϱ)Re(χ)]. Then prove the following formula

    Bk((Iϵ,ϱ,χ,ktϵλkJ,,k(zt)σk)(w);r,s)=wσ(+2k)+ϵ+λϱk(12)(+2k)Γk(s)×4ψk5[(σ(+2k)+ϵ+λ+ϱ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+ϵ+λ+χ,2σ),(r+σ(+2k,2σ),(k,k);(+k,k),(++k,),(σ(+2k)+ϵ+λ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+2ϵ+λ+ϱ+χ,2σ),(r+s+σ(+2k,2σ);w2σk4]. (4.17)

    Corollary 4.7. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, mN, kR+, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(λ)>max[0,Re(ϵϱχ)]. Then the subsequent formula is true

    Bk((Dϵ,ϱ,χ0+,ktλk1J,,k(zt)σk)(w);r,s)=wσ(+2k)+λϱk1(12)(+2k)Γk(s)×4ψk5[(σ(+2k)+λ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+λ+ϵ+ϱ+χ,2σ),(r+σ(+2k,2σ),(k,k);(+k,k),(++k,),(σ(+2k)+λ+χ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+λ,2σk+1),(r+s+σ(+2k,2σ);w(2σ+1k)14k]. (4.18)

    Corollary 4.8. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, kR+, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(λ)>max[Re(ϵχ)nk+n]. Then the subsequent formula is true

    Bk((Dϵ,ϱ,χ,ktϵλkJ,,k(zt)σk)(w);r,s)=wσ(+2k)+ϵλ+ϱk(12)(+2k)Γk(s)×4ψk5[(σ(+2k)+λϵϱ,2σ+k1),(σ(+2k)+λ+χ,2σ),(r+σ(+2k,2σ),(k,k);(+k,k),(++k,),(σ(+2k)+λϵ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+λϵϱ+χ,2σ),(r+s+σ(+2k,2σ);w2σ+1k14k]. (4.19)

    For k=1, we establish the following formulas from Eqs (4.4), (4.9), (4.10) and (4.15).

    Corollary 4.9. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, mN, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Reλ>max[0,Re(ϱχ)]. Then the following formula is true

    B((Iϵ,ϱ,χ0+tλ1J,m,(zt)σ))(w);r,s)=wσ(+2)+λϱ1(12)+2Γ(s)×4ψm+4[(σ(+2)+λ,2σ),(σ(+2)+λϱ+χ,2σ),(r+σ(+2),2σ),(1,1);(+1,1)mtimes,(++1,),(σ(+2)+λϱ,2σ),(σ(+2)+λ+ϵ+ϱ+χ,2σ),(r+s+σ(+2),2σ);w2σ4]. (4.20)

    Corollary 4.10. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, mN, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(λ+ϵ)>max[Re(ϱ)Re(χ)]. Then the following formula is true

    B((Iϵ,ϱ,χtϵλJ,m,(zt)σ)(w);r,s)=wσ(+2)+ϵ+λϱ(12)(+2)Γ(s)×4ψm+4[(σ(+2)+ϵ+λ+ϱ,2σ),(σ(+2)+ϵ+λ+χ,2σ),(r+σ(+2),2σ),(1,1);(+1,1)mtimes,(++1,),(σ(+2)+ϵ+λ,2σ),(σ(+2k)+2ϵ+λ+ϱ+χ,2σ),(r+s+σ(+2),2σ);w2σ4]. (4.21)

    Corollary 4.11. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, mN, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(λ)>max[0,Re(ϵϱχ)]. Then the subsequent formula is true

    B((Dϵ,ϱ,χ0+tλ1J,m,(zt)σ)(w);r,s)=wσ(+2)+λϱ1(12)(+2)Γ(s)×4ψm+4[(σ(+2)+λ,2σ),(σ(+2)+λ+ϵ+ϱ+χ,2σ),(r+σ(+2),2σ),(1,1);(+1,1)mtimes,(++1,),(σ(+2)+λ+χ,2σ),(σ(+2)+λ,2σ),(r+s+σ(+2),2σ);w2σ4]. (4.22)

    Corollary 4.12. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, >0, mN, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(λ)>max[Re(ϵχ)]. Then the subsequent formula is true

    B((Dϵ,ϱ,χtϵλJ,m,(zt)σ)(w);r,s)=wσ(+2)+ϵλ+ϱ(12)(+2)Γ(s)×4ψm+4[(σ(+2)+λϵϱ,2σ),(σ(+2)+λ+χ,2σ),(r+σ(+2),2σ),(1,1);(+1,1)mtimes,(++1,),(σ(+2)+λϵ,2σ),(σ(+2)+λϵϱ+χ,2σ),(r+s+σ(+2),2σ);w2σ4]. (4.23)

    For m=k==1 and =0, the subsequent corollaries are as follows.

    Corollary 4.13. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Reλ>max[0,Re(ϱχ)]. Then the following formula is true

    B((Iϵ,ϱ,χ0+tλ1J1,1(zt)σ))(w);r,s)=wσ+λϱ1(12)Γ(s)×3ψ4[(σ+λ,2σ),(σ+λϱ+χ,2σ),(r+σ,2σ);(+1,1),(σ+λϱ,2σ),(σ+λ+ϵ+ϱ+χ,2σ),(r+s+σ,2σ);w2σ4]. (4.24)

    Corollary 4.14. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(λ+ϵ)>max[Re(ϱ)Re(χ)]. Then the following formula is true

    B((Iϵ,ϱ,χtϵλJ1,1(zt)σ)(w);r,s)=wσ+ϵ+λϱ(12)Γ(s)×3ψ4[(σ+ϵ+λ+ϱ,2σ),(σ+ϵ+λ+χ,2σ),(r+σ,2σ);(+1,1),(σ+ϵ+λ,2σ),(σ+2ϵ+λ+ϱ+χ,2σ),(r+s+σ,2σ);w2σ4]. (4.25)

    Corollary 4.15. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(λ)>max[0,Re(ϵϱχ)]. Then the subsequent formula is true

    B((Dϵ,ϱ,χ0+tλ1J1,1(zt)σ)(w);r,s)=wσ+λϱ1(12)Γ(s)×3ψ4[(σ+λ,2σ),(σ+λ+ϵ+ϱ+χ,2σ),(r+σ,2σ);(+1,1),(σ+λ+χ,2σ),(σ+λ,2σ),(r+s+σ,2σ);w2σ4]. (4.26)

    Corollary 4.16. Let ϵ,ϱ,χ,λ,σC, such that Re(ϵ)>0, Re(λ)>max[Re(ϵχ)]. Then the subsequent formula is true

    B((Dϵ,ϱ,χtϵλJ1,1(zt)σ)(w);r,s)=wσ+ϵλ+ϱ(12)Γ(s)×3ψ4[(σ+λϵϱ,2σ),(σ+λ+χ,2σ),(r+σ+,2σ);(+1,1),(σ+λϵ,2σ),(σ+λϵϱ+χ,2σ),(r+s+σ,2σ);w2σ4]. (4.27)

    In this article, we established the relations of fractional integration and differentiation associated with the generalized Lommel-Wright function. We conclude that many other interesting image formulas can be derived as the specific cases of our main results. Like the generalized Lommel-Wright function certain other special functions can also be discussed in the same perspective. Briefly, the recent study confirms the earlier results and plays a significant role by making generalizations. Furthermore, for the choice ϱ=ϵ in our main results and corollaries, we obtain the results for k-Riemann-Liouville fractional operators. We also deduce the results for Saigo's fractional operators by substituting k=1 and for Riemann-Liouville fractional operators, we need to opt k=1 and ϱ=ϵ in our main results.

    The authors declares that there is no conflict of interests regarding the publication of this paper.


    Abbreviation EDTA: Edetic acid; DNA: Deoxyribonucleic acid; HGF: Hepatocyte Growth Factor; Me: Median; SC: Scatter factor; WAT: White adipose tissue;
    Acknowledgments



    The authors thank the technicians and laboratory staff of the Department of Pathophysiology for the huge contribution of work and professionalism in HGF determination in blood samples.

    Declarations



    1. Ethics approval and consent to participate: The experiment was approved by the Bioethics Committee of the Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz (KB-665/2009). Written informed consent was obtained from the patients and control group for publication of this masuscript and any accompanying data. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor of this journal.
    2. Consent for publication: Written informed consent was obtained from the all participians for publication of this masuscript and any accompanying data.
    3. Availability of data and materials: All relevant data are within the paper.
    4. Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
    5. Funding: The study was financed from own funds of the Neurosurgery of Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz. The authors received no specific founding for this work.

    Conflict of interest



    The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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