Intuitionistic fuzzy credibility Dombi aggregation operators and their application of railway train selection in Pakistan

Muhammad Qiyas; Neelam Khan; Muhammad Naeem; Saleem Abdullah; Muhammad Qiyas; Neelam Khan; Muhammad Naeem; Saleem Abdullah

doi:10.3934/math.2023329

AIMS Mathematics

2023, Volume 8, Issue 3: 6520-6542. doi: 10.3934/math.2023329

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Research article Special Issues

Intuitionistic fuzzy credibility Dombi aggregation operators and their application of railway train selection in Pakistan

1.
Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, KP, Pakistan
2.
Department of Mathematics Deanship of Applied Sciences Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Received: 21 August 2022 Revised: 09 October 2022 Accepted: 05 December 2022 Published: 05 January 2023
MSC : 03E72, 47S40

The degree of credibility of the fuzzy assessment value demonstrates its significance and necessity in the fuzzy decision making problem. The fuzzy assessment values should be closely related to their credibility measures in order to increase the credibility levels and degrees of fuzzy assessment values. This will increase the abundance and the credibility of the assessment information. As a new extension of the intuitionistic fuzzy concept, this study suggests the idea of an intuitionistic fuzzy credibility number (IFCN). So, based on Dombi norms, we proposed some new operational laws for intuitionistic fuzzy credibility numbers. Different intuitionistic fuzzy credibility aggregation operators are defined using Dombi t-norm and t-conorm operations. i.e., intuitionistic fuzzy credibility Dombi weighted averaging (IFCDWA), intuitionistic fuzzy credibility Dombi ordered weighted averaging (IFCDOWA), intuitionistic fuzzy credibility Dombi hybrid weighted averaging (IFCDHWA) operators. Next, we defined multiple criteria group decisions (MCGDM) approach. To ensure that their results are reliable and applicable, we also gave an example of railway train selection and discussed comparative result analysis.

Keywords:

credibility number,
intuitionistic fuzzy credibility number,
Dombi operation,
aggregation operators

Citation: Muhammad Qiyas, Neelam Khan, Muhammad Naeem, Saleem Abdullah. Intuitionistic fuzzy credibility Dombi aggregation operators and their application of railway train selection in Pakistan[J]. AIMS Mathematics, 2023, 8(3): 6520-6542. doi: 10.3934/math.2023329

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Abstract

1. Introduction and preliminaries

We begin with the following definitions of notations:

$\begin{equation*} \mathbb{N = }\left\{ 1, 2, 3, \cdots \right\} \text{ and }\mathbb{N}_{0}: = \mathbb{ N\cup }\left\{ 0\right\} \text{.} \end{equation*}$

Also, as usual, $\mathbb{R}$ denotes the set of real numbers and $\mathbb{C}$ denotes the set of complex numbers.

The two variable Laguerre polynomials $L_{n}(u, v)$ ^[1] are defined by the Taylor expansion about $\tau = 0$ (also popularly known as generating function) as follows:

$\begin{equation*} \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }L_{p}(u, v)\frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!} = e^{v\tau }C_{0}(u\tau ), \end{equation*}$

where is the $0$ -th order Tricomi function ^[19] given by

$\begin{equation*} C_{0}(u) = \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }\frac{(-1)^{p}u^{p}}{(p!)^{2}} \end{equation*}$

and has the series representation

$\begin{equation*} L_{p}(u, v) = \sum\limits_{s = 0}^{p}\; \frac{p!(-1)^{s}v^{p-s}u^{s}}{(p-s)!(s!)^{2}}. \end{equation*}$

The classical Euler polynomials $E_{p}(u)$ , Genocchi polynomials $G_{p}(u)$ and the Bernoulli polynomials $B_{p}(u)$ are usually defined by the generating functions (see, for details and further work, ^{[1,2,4,5,6,7,9,11,12,20]}):

$\begin{equation*} \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }E_{p}(u)\frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!} = \frac{2}{e^{\tau }+1} e^{u\tau }\quad (|\tau | \lt \pi ), \end{equation*}$

$\begin{equation*} \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }G_{p}(u)\frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!} = \frac{2\tau }{e^{\tau }+1} e^{u\tau }\quad (|\tau | \lt \pi ) \end{equation*}$

and

$\begin{equation*} \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }B_{p}(u)\frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!} = \frac{\tau }{e^{\tau }-1} e^{u\tau }\quad (|\tau | \lt 2\pi ). \end{equation*}$

The Daehee polynomials, recently originally defined by Kim et al. ^[9], are defined as follows

$\begin{equation} \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }D_{p}(u)\frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!} = \frac{\log (1+\tau )}{\tau } (1+\tau )^{u}, \end{equation}$

(1.1)

where, for $u = 0$ , $D_{p}(0) = D_{p}$ stands for Daehee numbers given by

$\begin{equation} \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }D_{p}\, \frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!} = \frac{\log (1+\tau )}{\tau }. \end{equation}$

(1.2)

Due to Kim et al.'s idea ^[9], Jang et al. ^[3] gave the partially degenarate Genocchi polynomials as follows:

$\begin{equation} \frac{2\log (1+\tau \lambda )^{\frac{1}{\lambda }}}{e^{\tau }+1}e^{u\tau } = \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }G_{p, \lambda }(u)\frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!}, \end{equation}$

(1.3)

which, for the case $u = 0$ , yields the partially degenerate Genocchi numbers $G_{n, \lambda }: = G_{n, \lambda }(0)$ .

Pathan et al. ^[17] considered the generalization of Hermite-Bernoulli polynomials of two variables ${}_{H}B_{p}^{(\alpha)}(u, v)$ as follows

$\begin{equation} \left( \frac{\tau }{e^{\tau }-1}\right) ^{\alpha }e^{u\tau +v\tau ^{2}} = \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }{}_{H}B_{p}^{(\alpha )}(u, v)\frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!}. \end{equation}$

(1.4)

On taking $\alpha = 1$ in (1.4) yields a well known result of [2,p. 386 (1.6)] given by

$\begin{equation} \left( \frac{\tau }{e^{\tau }-1}\right) e^{u\tau +v\tau ^{2}} = \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }{}_{H}B_{p}(u, v)\frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!}. \end{equation}$

(1.5)

The two variable Laguerre-Euler polynomials (see ^[7,8]) are defined as

$\begin{equation} \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }{}_{L}E_{p}(u, v)\frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!} = \frac{2}{e^{\tau }+1}e^{v\tau }C_{0}(u\tau ). \end{equation}$

(1.6)

The alternating sum $T_{k}(p)$ , where $k\in \mathbb{N}_{0}$ , (see ^[14]) is given as

$\begin{equation*} T_{k}(p) = \sum\limits_{j = 0}^{p}(-1)^{j}j^{k} \end{equation*}$

and possess the generating function

$\begin{equation} \sum\limits_{r = 0}^{\infty }T_{k}(p)\frac{\tau ^{r}}{r!} = \frac{1-(-e^{\tau })^{(p+1)} }{e^{\tau }+1}. \end{equation}$

(1.7)

The idea of degenerate numbers and polynomials found existence with the study related to Bernoulli and Euler numbers and polynomials. Lately, many researchers have begun to study the degenerate versions of the classical and special polynomials (see ^{[3,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,18]}, for a systematic work). Influenced by their works, we introduce partially degenerate Laguerre-Genocchi polynomials and also a new generalization of partially degenerate Laguerre-Genocchi polynomials and then give some of their applications. We also derive some implicit summation formula and general symmetry identities.

2. Partially degenerate Laguerre-Genocchi polynomials

Let $\lambda, \tau \in \mathbb{C}$ with $|\tau \lambda |\leq 1$ and $\tau \lambda \neq -1$ . We introduce and investigate the partially degenerate Laguerre-Genocchi polynomials as follows:

$\begin{equation} \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }{}_{L}G_{p, \lambda }(u, v)\frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!} = \frac{ 2\log (1+\lambda \tau )^{\frac{1}{\lambda }}}{e^{\tau }+1}e^{v\tau }C_{0}(u\tau ). \end{equation}$

(2.1)

In particular, when $\lambda\to 0$ , ${}_LG_{p, \lambda}(u, v)\to {}_LG_p(u, v)$ and they have the closed form given as

$\begin{equation*} {}_{L}G_{p, \lambda }(u, v) = \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q}G_{q, \lambda }L_{p-q}(u, v). \end{equation*}$

Clearly, $u = 0$ in (2.1) gives ${}_{L}G_{p, \lambda }(0, 0): = G_{p, \lambda }$ that stands for the partially degenerate Genocchi polynomials ^[3].

Theorem 1. For $p \in \mathbb{N}_{o}$ , the undermentioned relation holds:

$\begin{equation} {}_LG_{p, \lambda}(u, v) = \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p} \binom{p}{q+1}\, q!(-\lambda)^{q}{}_LG_{p-q-1}(u, v). \end{equation}$

(2.2)

Proof. With the help of (2.1), one can write

$\begin{align*} \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }{}_{L}G_{p, \lambda }(u, v)\frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!} = & \frac{ 2\log (1+\lambda \tau )^{\frac{1}{\lambda }}}{e^{\tau }+1}e^{v\tau }C_{0}(u\tau ) \\ = & \tau\left\{ \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{\infty }\frac{(-1)^{q}}{q+1}(\lambda \tau )^{q}\right\} \left\{ \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }{}_{L}G_{p}(u, v)\frac{\tau ^{p}}{p! }\right\} \\ = & \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }\left\{ \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q}\frac{(-\lambda )^{q}}{q+1}q!{}_{L}G_{p-q}(u, v)\right\} \frac{\tau ^{p+1}}{p!}, \end{align*}$

where, ${}_{L}G_{p-q}(u, v)$ are the Laguerre-Genocchi polynomials (see ^[8]). Finally, the assertion easily follows by equating the coefficients $\frac{ \tau ^{p}}{p!}$ .

Theorem 2. For $p\in \mathbb{N}_{o}$ , the undermentioned relation holds:

$\begin{equation} {}_{L}G_{p+1, \lambda }(u, v) = \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q}\lambda ^{q}(p+1){}_{L}G_{p-q+1}(u, v)D_{q}. \end{equation}$

(2.3)

Proof. We first consider

$\begin{align*} I_{1} = \frac{1}{\tau }\frac{2\log (1+\lambda \tau )^{\frac{1}{\lambda }}}{ e^{\tau }+1}e^{v\tau }C_{0}(u\tau ) = & \left\{ \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{\infty }D_{q}\frac{ (\lambda \tau )^{q}}{q!}\right\} \left\{ \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }{}_{L}G_{p}(u, v) \frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!}\right\} \\ = & \sum\limits_{p = 1}^{\infty }\left\{ \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q}(\lambda )^{q} D_{q}{}_{L}G_{p-q}(u, v)\right\} \frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!}. \end{align*}$

Next we have,

$\begin{align*} I_{2} = \frac{1}{\tau}\frac{2\log(1+\lambda \tau)^{\frac{1}{\lambda}}}{ e^{\tau}+1}e^{v\tau}C_{o}(u\tau) = &\frac{1}{\tau}\sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty}{}_LG_{p, \lambda}(u, v)\frac{\tau^{p}}{p!} \\ = &\sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty}\frac{{}_LG_{p+1, \lambda}(u, v)}{p+1}\frac{\tau^{p}}{p!}. \end{align*}$

Since $I_{1} = I_{2}$ , we conclude the assertion (2.3) of Theorem 2.

Theorem 3. For $p\in \mathbb{N}_{0}$ , the undermentioned relation holds:

$\begin{equation} {}_{L}G_{p, \lambda }(u, v) = p\sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p-1}\binom{p-1}{q}(\lambda )^{q}{}_{L}E_{p-q-1}(u, v)D_{q}. \end{equation}$

(2.4)

Proof. With the help of (2.1), one can write

$\begin{align*} \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }{}_{L}G_{p, \lambda }(x, y)\frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!} = & \left\{ \frac{\tau \log (1+\lambda \tau )}{\lambda \tau }\right\} \left\{ \frac{2}{ e^{\tau }+1}e^{v\tau }C_{0}(u\tau )\right\} \\ = & \tau \left\{ \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{\infty }D_{q}\frac{(\lambda \tau )^{q}}{q!} \right\} \left\{ \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }{}_{L}E_{p}(u, v)\frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!} \right\} \\ = & \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }\left\{ \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q}(\lambda )^{q}D_{q}\, {}_{L}E_{p-q}(u, v)\right\} \frac{\tau ^{p+1}}{p!}. \end{align*}$

Finally, the assertion (2.4) straightforwardly follows by equating the coefficients of same powers of $\tau$ above.

Theorem 4. For $p\in \mathbb{N}_{o}$ , the following relation holds:

$\begin{equation} {}_{L}G_{p, \lambda }(u, v+1) = \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q}{}\; _{L}G_{p-q, \lambda }(u, v). \end{equation}$

(2.5)

Proof. Using (2.1), we find

$\begin{align*} \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }& \left\{ {}_{L}G_{p, \lambda }(u, v+1)-{}_{L}G_{p, \lambda }(u, v)\right\}\frac{\tau^p}{p!} = \frac{2\log (1+\lambda \tau )^{\frac{1}{\lambda }}}{e^{\tau }+1} \\ \times & e^{(v+1)\tau }C_{0}(u\tau )-\frac{2\log (1+\lambda \tau )^{\frac{1}{ \lambda }}}{e^{\tau }+1}e^{v\tau }C_{0}(u\tau ) \\ = & \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }{}_{L}G_{p, \lambda }(u, v)\frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!} \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{\infty }\frac{\tau ^{q}}{q!}-\sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }{}_{L}G_{p, \lambda }(u, v)\frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!} \\ = & \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }\left\{ \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q}\; {}_{L}G_{p-q, \lambda }(u, v)-{}_{L}G_{p, \lambda }(u, v)\right\} \frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!}. \end{align*}$

Hence, the assertion (2.5) straightforwardly follows by equating the coefficients of $\tau ^{p}$ above.

Theorem 5. For $p\in \mathbb{N}_{o}$ , the undermentioned relation holds:

$\begin{equation} {}_{L}G_{p, \lambda }(u, v) = \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\sum\limits_{l = 0}^{q}\binom{p}{q}\binom{q}{l }G_{p-q}D_{q-l}\; \lambda ^{q-l}L_{l}(u, v). \end{equation}$

(2.6)

Proof. Since

$\begin{align*} \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }{}_{L}G_{p, \lambda }(u, v)\frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!} = & \frac{ 2\log (1+\lambda \tau )^{\frac{1}{\lambda }}}{e^{\tau }+1}e^{v\tau }C_{0}(u\tau ) \\ = & \left\{ \frac{2\tau }{e^{\tau }+1}\right\} \left\{ \frac{2\log (1+\lambda \tau )}{\lambda \tau }\right\} e^{v\tau }C_{0}(u\tau ) \\ = & \left\{ \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }G_{p}\frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!}\right\} \left\{ \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{\infty }D_{q}\frac{(\lambda \tau )^{q}}{q!}\right\} \left\{ \sum\limits_{l = 0}^{\infty }L_{l}(u, v)\frac{\tau ^{l}}{l!}\right\} , \end{align*}$

we have

$\begin{equation*} \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }{}_{L}G_{p, \lambda }(u, v)\frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!} = \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }\left\{ \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\sum\limits_{l = 0}^{q}\binom{p}{q}\binom{q }{l}G_{p-q}D_{q-l}\lambda ^{q-l}L_{l}(u, v)\right\} \frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!}. \end{equation*}$

We thus complete the proof of Theorem 5.

Theorem 6. (Multiplication formula). For $p\in \mathbb{N}_{o}$ , the undermentioned relation holds:

$\begin{equation} {}_{L}G_{p, \lambda }(u, v) = f^{p-1}\sum\limits_{a = 0}^{f-1}{}_{L}G_{p, \frac{\lambda }{f }}\left( u, \frac{v+a}{f}\right). \; \; \; \; \; \; \; \; \end{equation}$

(2.7)

Proof. With the help of (2.1), we obtain

$\begin{align*} \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty}{}_LG_{p, \lambda}(u, v)\frac{\tau^{p}}{p!} = &\frac{ 2\log(1+\lambda \tau)^{\frac{1}{\lambda}}}{e^{\tau}+1}e^{v\tau}C_{0}(u\tau) \\ = &\frac{2\log(1+\lambda \tau)^{\frac{1}{\lambda}}}{e^{\tau}+1} C_{0}(u\tau)\sum\limits_{a = 0}^{f-1}e^{(a+v)\tau} \\ = &\sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty}\left\lbrace f^{p-1}\sum\limits_{a = 0}^{f-1}{}_LG_{p, \frac{ \lambda}{f}}\left(u, \frac{v+a}{f}\right)\right\rbrace\frac{\tau^{p}}{p!}. \end{align*}$

Thus, the result in (2.7) straightforwardly follows by comparing the coefficients of $\tau^{p}$ above.

3. Generalized partially degenerate Laguerre-Genocchi polynomials

Consider a Dirichlet character $\chi$ and let $d\; \; (d\in \mathbb{N})$ be the conductor connected with it such that $d\equiv 1(\mod 2)$ (see ^[22]). Now we present a generalization of partially degenerate Laguerre-Genocchi polynomials attached to $\chi$ as follows:

$\begin{equation} \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }{}_{L}G_{p, \chi , \lambda }(u, v)\frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!} = \frac{2\log (1+\lambda \tau )^{\frac{1}{\lambda }}}{e^{f\tau }+1} \sum\limits_{a = 0}^{f-1}(-1)^{a}\chi (a)e^{(v+a)\tau }C_{0}(u\tau ). \end{equation}$

(3.1)

Here, $G_{p, \chi, \lambda } = {}_{L}G_{p, \chi, \lambda }(0, 0)$ are in fact, the generalized partially degenerate Genocchi numbers attached to the Drichlet character $\chi$ . We also notice that

$\underset{\begin{smallmatrix} \lambda \to 0 \\ v = 0 \end{smallmatrix}}{\mathop \lim\limits }\, \ {{\ }_{L}}{{G}_{p, \chi , \lambda }}(u, v) = {{G}_{p, \chi }}(u),$

is the familiar looking generalized Genocchi polynomial (see ^[20]).

Theorem 7. For $p\in \mathbb{N}_{0}$ , the following relation holds:

$\begin{equation} {}_{L}G_{p, \chi , \lambda }(u, v) = \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q}\lambda ^{q}D_{q}\, {}_{L}G_{p-q, \chi }(u, v). \end{equation}$

(3.2)

Proof. In view of (3.1), we can write

$\begin{equation*} \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty}{}_LG_{p, \chi, \lambda}(u, v)\frac{\tau^{p}}{p!} = \frac{ 2\log(1+\lambda \tau)^{\frac{1}{\lambda}}}{e^{f\tau}+1} \sum\limits_{a = 0}^{f-1} (-1)^{a} \chi(a) e^{(v+a)\tau} C_{0}(u\tau) \end{equation*}$

$\begin{equation*} = \left\lbrace\frac{\log(1+\lambda \tau)}{\lambda \tau}\right\rbrace\left \lbrace \frac{2\tau}{e^{f\tau}+1}\sum\limits_{a = 0}^{f-1} (-1)^{a} \chi(a) e^{(v+a)\tau} C_{0}(u\tau)\right\rbrace \end{equation*}$

$\begin{equation*} = \left\lbrace\sum\limits_{q = 0}^{\infty}D_{q}\frac{\lambda^{q}}{\tau^{q}}{q!} \right\rbrace\left\lbrace \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty}{}_LG_{p, \chi}(u, v)\frac{ \tau^{p}}{p!}\right\rbrace. \end{equation*}$

Finally, the assertion (3.2) of Theorem 7 can be achieved by equating the coefficients of same powers of $\tau$ .

Theorem 8. The undermentioned formula holds true:

$\begin{equation} {}_LG_{p, \chi, \lambda}(u, v) = f^{p-1} \sum\limits_{a = 0}^{f-1} (-1)^{a} \chi(a) {}_LG_{p, \frac{\lambda}{f}}\left(u, \frac{a+v}{f}\right). \end{equation}$

(3.3)

Proof. We first evaluate

$\begin{align*} \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty}{}_LG_{p, \chi, \lambda}(u, v)\frac{\tau^{p}}{p!} = &\frac{ 2\log(1+\lambda \tau)^{\frac{1}{\lambda}}}{e^{f\tau}+1} \sum\limits_{a = 0}^{f-1} (-1)^{a} \chi(a) e^{(v+a)\tau} C_{0}(u\tau) \\ = &\frac{1}{f} \sum\limits_{a = 0}^{f-1} (-1)^{a} \chi(a) \frac{2\log(1+\lambda \tau)^{ \frac{f}{\lambda}}}{e^{f\tau}+1} e^{\left(\frac{a+v}{f}\right)f\tau} C_{0}(u\tau) \\ = &\sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty}\left\lbrace f^{p-1} \sum\limits_{a = 0}^{f-1} (-1)^{a} \chi(a) {}_LG_{p, \frac{\lambda}{f}}\left(u, \frac{a+v}{f}\right)\right\rbrace\frac{ \tau^{p}}{p!}. \end{align*}$

Now, the Theorem 8 can easily be concluded by equating the coefficients $\frac{\tau^{p}}{p!}$ above.

Using the result in (3.1) and with a similar approach used just as in above theorems, we provide some more theorems given below. The proofs are being omitted.

Theorem 9. The undermentioned formula holds true:

$\begin{equation} {}_{L}G_{p, \chi , \lambda }(u, v) = \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\frac{G_{p-q, \chi , \lambda }(v)\; (-u)^{q}\; p!}{(q!)^{2}\, (p-q)!}. \end{equation}$

(3.4)

Theorem 10. The undermentioned formula holds true:

$\begin{equation} {}_{L}G_{p, \chi , \lambda }(u, v) = \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p, l}\frac{G_{p-q-l, \chi , \lambda }\; (v)^{q}\; (-u)^{l}\; p!}{(p-q-l)!\; (q)!\; (l!)^{2}}. \end{equation}$

(3.5)

4. Implicit summation formulae

Theorem 11. The undermentioned formula holds true:

$\begin{equation} {}_{L}G_{l+h, \lambda }(u, \nu ) = \sum\limits_{p, n = 0}^{l, h}\binom{l}{p}\binom{h}{n} (u -v)^{p+n}{}_{L}G_{l+h-n-p, \lambda }(u, v). \end{equation}$

(4.1)

Proof. On changing $\tau$ by $\tau+\mu$ and rewriting (2.1), we evaluate

$\begin{equation*} e^{-v(\tau+\mu)} \sum\limits_{l, h = 0}^{\infty} {}_LG_{l+h, \lambda}(u, v) \frac{ \tau^{l}\mu^{h}}{l!h!} = \frac{2\log(1+\lambda (\tau+\mu))^{\frac{1}{\lambda}} }{e^{\tau+\mu}+1} C_{o}(u(\tau+\mu)), \end{equation*}$

which, upon replacing $v$ by $u$ and solving further, gives

$\begin{equation*} e^{(u-v)(\tau+\mu)} \sum\limits_{l, h = 0}^{\infty} {}_LG_{l+h, \lambda}(u, v) \frac{ \tau^{l}\mu^{h}}{l!h!} = \sum\limits_{l, h = 0}^{\infty} {}_LG_{l+h, \lambda}(u, \nu) \frac{\tau^{l}\mu^{h}}{l!h!}, \end{equation*}$

and also

$\begin{equation} \sum\limits_{P = 0}^{\infty} \frac{(u-v)^{P}(\tau+u)^{P}}{P!}\sum\limits_{l, h = 0}^{\infty} {}_LG_{l+h, \lambda}(u, v) \frac{\tau^{l}\mu^{h}}{l!h!} = \sum\limits_{l, h = 0}^{\infty} {}_LG_{l+h, \lambda}(u, \nu) \frac{\tau^{l}\mu^{h}}{l!h!}. \end{equation}$

(4.2)

Now applying the formula [21,p.52(2)]

$\begin{equation*} \sum\limits_{P = 0}^{\infty} f(P) \frac{(u+v)^{P}}{P!} = \sum\limits_{p, q = 0}^{\infty} f(p+q) \frac{u^{p}}{p!}\frac{v^{q}}{q!}, \end{equation*}$

in conjunction with (4.2), it becomes

$\begin{equation} \sum\limits_{p, n = 0}^{\infty} \frac{(u-v)^{p+n}\tau^{p}\mu^{n}}{p!n!} \sum\limits_{l, h = 0}^{\infty} {}_LG_{l+h, \lambda}(u, v) \frac{\tau^{l}\mu^{h}}{l!h!} = \sum\limits_{l, h = 0}^{\infty} {}_LG_{l+h, \lambda}(u, \nu) \frac{\tau^{l}\mu^{h}}{l!h! }.\; \; \; \; \; \; \; \; \; \; \; \; \; \; \; \; \end{equation}$

(4.3)

Further, upon replacing $l$ by $l-p$ , $h$ by $h-n$ , and using the result in [21,p.100 (1)], in the left of (4.3), we obtain

$\begin{equation*} \sum\limits_{p, n = 0}^{\infty} \sum\limits_{l, h = 0}^{\infty} \frac{(u-v)^{p+n}}{p!\, n!} {} _LG_{l+h-p-n, \lambda}(u, v) \frac{\tau^{l}\mu^{h}}{(l-p)!(h-n)!} = \sum\limits_{l, h = 0}^{\infty} {}_LG_{l+h, \lambda}(u, \nu) \frac{\tau^{l}\mu^{h}}{ l!\, h!}. \end{equation*}$

Finally, the required result can be concluded by equating the coefficients of the identical powers of $\tau^{l}$ and $\mu^{h}$ above.

Corollary 4.1. For $h = 0$ in (4.1), we get

$\begin{equation*} {}_{L}G_{l, \lambda }(u, \nu ) = \sum\limits_{\rho = 0}^{l}\binom{l}{\rho } \; {(u-v)^p}_{L}G_{l-\rho , \lambda }(u, v). \end{equation*}$

Some identities of Genocchi polynomials for special values of the parameters $u$ and $\nu$ in Theorem 11 can also be obtained. Now, using the result in (2.1) and with a similar approach, we provide some more theorems given below. The proofs are being omitted.

Theorem 12. The undermentioned formula holds good:

$\begin{equation*} {}_{L}G_{p, \lambda }(u, v+\mu ) = \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q}\mu ^{q}{}_{L}G_{p-q, \lambda }(u, v) \end{equation*}$

Theorem 13. The undermentioned implicit holds true:

$\begin{equation*} \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }{}_{L}G_{p, \lambda }(u, v)\frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!} = \frac{ 2\log (1+\lambda \tau )^{\frac{1}{\lambda }}}{e^{\tau }+1}e^{v\tau }C_{o}(u\tau ) = \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q}G_{p-q, \lambda }\; L_{p}(u, v) \end{equation*}$

and

$\begin{equation*} {}_{L}G_{p, \lambda }(u, v) = \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q}G_{p-q, \lambda }(u, v)\; L_{p}(u, v)\mathit{\text{.}} \end{equation*}$

Theorem 14. The undermentioned implicit summation formula holds:

$\begin{equation*} {}_{L}G_{p, \lambda }(u, v+1)+{}_{L}G_{p, \lambda }(u, v) = 2p\; \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p-1} \binom{p-1}{q}\frac{(-\lambda )^{q}q!}{q+1}L_{p-q-1}(u, v). \end{equation*}$

Theorem 15. The undermentioned formula holds true:

$\begin{equation*} {}_LG_{p, \lambda}(u, v+1) = \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p} {}_LG_{p-q, \lambda}(u, v). \end{equation*}$

5. Symmetry identities

Symmetry identities involving various polynomials have been discussed (e.g., ^{[7,9,10,11,17]}). As in above-cited work, here, in view of the generating functions (1.3) and (2.1), we obtain symmetry identities for the partially degenerate Laguerre-Genocchi polynomials ${}_{L}G_{n, \lambda }(u, v)$ .

Theorem 16. Let $\alpha, \beta \in \mathbb{Z}$ and $p\in \mathbb{N}_{0}$ , we have

$\begin{equation*} \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q}\beta ^{q}\alpha ^{p-q}{}_{L}G_{p-q, \lambda }(u\beta , v\beta ){}_{L}G_{q, \lambda }(u\alpha , v\alpha ) \end{equation*}$

$\begin{equation*} = \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q}\alpha ^{q}\beta ^{p-q}{}_{L}G_{p-q, \lambda }(u\alpha , v\alpha ){}_{L}G_{q, \lambda }(u\beta , v\beta )\mathit{\text{.}} \end{equation*}$

Proof. We first consider

$\begin{equation*} g(\tau ) = \frac{\left\{ 2\log (1+\lambda )^{\frac{\beta }{\lambda }}\right\} }{(e^{\alpha \tau }+1)}\frac{\left\{ 2\log (1+\lambda )^{\frac{\alpha }{ \lambda }}\right\} }{\; (e^{\beta \tau }+1)}e^{(\alpha +\beta )v\tau }C_{0}(u\alpha \tau )C_{0}(u\beta \tau ). \end{equation*}$

Now we can have two series expansion of $g(\tau)$ in the following ways:

On one hand, we have

$\begin{eqnarray} g(\tau ) & = &\left( \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }\; _{L}G_{p, \lambda }(u\beta , v\beta )\frac{\left( \alpha \tau \right) ^{p}}{p!}\right) \left( \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{\infty }\; _{L}G_{q, \lambda }(u\alpha , v\alpha )\frac{ \left( \beta \tau \right) ^{q}}{q!}\right) \\ & = &\sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }\left( \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q} \beta ^{q}\alpha ^{p-q}\; _{L}G_{p-q, \lambda }(u\beta , v\beta )\; _{L}G_{q, \lambda }(u\alpha , v\alpha )\right) \frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!}. \end{eqnarray}$

(5.1)

and on the other, we can write

$\begin{eqnarray} g(\tau ) & = &\left( \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }\; _{L}G_{p, \lambda }(u\alpha , v\alpha )\frac{\left( \beta \tau \right) ^{p}}{p!}\right) \left( \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{\infty }\; _{L}G_{q, \lambda }(u\beta , v\beta )\frac{\left( \alpha \tau \right) ^{q}}{q!}\right) \\ & = &\sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }\left( \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q} \alpha ^{q}\beta ^{p-q}\; _{L}G_{p-q, \lambda }(u\alpha , v\alpha )\; _{L}G_{q, \lambda }(u\beta , v\beta )\right) \frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!}. \end{eqnarray}$

(5.2)

Finally, the result easily follows by equating the coefficients of $\tau ^{p}$ on the right-hand side of Eqs (5.1) and (5.2).

Theorem 17. Let $\alpha, \beta \in \mathbb{Z}$ with $p\in \mathbb{N}_{0}$ , Then,

$\begin{equation*} \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q}\beta ^{q}\alpha ^{p-q}\sum\limits_{\sigma = 0}^{\alpha -1}\sum\limits_{\rho = 0}^{\beta -1}(-1)^{\sigma +\rho }{}_{L}G_{p-q, \lambda }(u, v\beta +\frac{\beta }{\alpha }\sigma +\rho )G_{q, \lambda }(z\alpha ) \end{equation*}$

$\begin{equation*} = \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q}\alpha ^{p}\beta ^{p-q}\sum\limits_{\sigma = 0}^{\beta -1}\sum\limits_{\rho = 0}^{\alpha -1}(-1)^{\sigma +\rho }{}_{L}G_{p-q, \lambda }(u, v\alpha +\frac{\beta }{\alpha }\sigma +\rho )G_{q, \lambda }(z\beta ) \mathit{\text{.}} \end{equation*}$

Proof. Let

$\begin{equation*} g(\tau) = \frac{\left\lbrace 2\log(1+\lambda)^{\frac{\alpha}{\lambda} }\right\rbrace}{(e^{\alpha\tau}+1)^{2}}\frac{\left\lbrace 2\log(1+\lambda)^{ \frac{\beta}{\lambda}}\right\rbrace}{(e^{\beta\tau}+1)^{2}} e^{(\alpha\beta\tau+1)^{2}} e^{(\alpha\beta)(v+z)\tau}[Cs_{0}(u\tau)]. \end{equation*}$

Considering $g(\tau)$ in two forms. Firstly,

$\begin{align*} g(\tau)& = \frac{\left\lbrace2\log(1+\lambda)^{\frac{\alpha}{\lambda} }\right\rbrace}{e^{\alpha\tau}+1}e^{\alpha\beta v\tau}C_{o}(u\tau) \left( \frac{e^{\alpha\beta\tau}+1}{e^{\beta\tau}+1}\right) \notag \\ &\times\frac{\left\lbrace2\log(1+\lambda)^{\frac{\beta}{\lambda} }\right\rbrace}{e^{\beta\tau}+1} e^{\alpha\beta z\tau} \left(\frac{ e^{\alpha\beta\tau}+1}{e^{\alpha\tau}+1}\right) \end{align*}$

$\begin{align} & = \frac{\left\{ 2\log (1+\lambda )^{\frac{\alpha }{\lambda }}\right\} }{ e^{\alpha \tau }+1}e^{\alpha \beta v\tau }C_{0}(u\tau )\left( \sum\limits_{\sigma = 0}^{\alpha -1}(-1)^{\sigma }e^{\beta \tau \sigma }\right) \\ & \times \frac{\left\{ 2\log (1+\lambda )^{\frac{\beta }{\lambda }}\right\} }{e^{\beta \tau }+1}e^{\alpha \beta \tau z}C_{0}(u\tau )\left( \sum\limits_{\rho = 0}^{\beta -1}(-1)^{\rho }e^{\alpha \tau \rho }\right) , \end{align}$

(5.3)

Secondly,

$\begin{align} & g(\tau ) \\ & = \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }\left\{ \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q}\; \beta ^{q}\alpha ^{p-q}\sum\limits_{\sigma = 0}^{\alpha -1}\sum\limits_{\rho = 0}^{\beta -1}(-1)^{\sigma +\rho }{}_{L}G_{p-q, \lambda }\left( u\alpha , v\beta +\frac{\beta }{\alpha } \sigma +\rho \right) G_{q, \lambda }(\alpha z)\right\} \frac{\tau ^{p}}{p!} \\ & = \sum\limits_{p = 0}^{\infty }\left\{ \sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q}\; \alpha ^{q}\beta ^{p-q}\sum\limits_{\sigma = 0}^{\alpha -1}\sum\limits_{\rho = 0}^{\beta -1}(-1)^{\sigma +\rho }{}_{L}G_{\sigma -\rho , \lambda }\left( u, v\alpha +\frac{\alpha }{ \beta }\sigma +\rho \right) G_{q, \lambda }(z\beta )\right\} \frac{\tau ^{p}}{ p!}.\; \; \; \; \end{align}$

(5.4)

Finally, the result straightforwardly follows by equating the coefficients of $\tau^{p}$ in Eqs (5.3) and (5.4).

We now give the following two Theorems. We omit their proofs since they follow the same technique as in the Theorems 16 and 17.

Theorem 18. Let $\alpha, \beta \in \mathbb{Z}$ and $p\in \mathbb{N}_{0}$ , Then,

$\begin{eqnarray*} &&\sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q}\beta ^{q}\alpha ^{p-q}\sum\limits_{\sigma = 0}^{\alpha -1}\sum\limits_{\rho = 0}^{\beta -1}(-1)^{\sigma +\rho }{}_{L}G_{p-q, \lambda }\left( u, v\beta +\frac{\beta }{\alpha }\sigma \right) G_{q, \lambda }\left( z\alpha + \frac{\alpha }{\beta }\rho \right) \\ & = &\sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q}\alpha ^{q}\beta ^{p-q}\sum\limits_{\sigma = 0}^{\beta -1}\sum\limits_{\rho = 0}^{\alpha -1}(-1)^{\sigma +\rho }{}_{L}G_{p-q, \lambda }\left( u, v\alpha +\frac{\alpha }{\beta }\sigma +\rho \right) {}_{L}G_{q, \lambda }\left( z\beta +\frac{\beta }{\alpha }\rho \right) \mathit{\text{.}} \end{eqnarray*}$

Theorem 19. Let $\alpha, \beta \in \mathbb{Z}$ and $p\in \mathbb{N}_{0}$ , Then,

$\begin{eqnarray*} &&\sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q}\beta ^{q}\alpha ^{p-q}{}_{L}G_{p-q, \lambda }(u\beta , v\beta )\sum\limits_{\sigma = 0}^{q}\binom{q}{\sigma }T_{\sigma }(\alpha -1)G_{q-\sigma , \lambda }(u\alpha ) \\ & = &\sum\limits_{q = 0}^{p}\binom{p}{q}\beta ^{p-q}\alpha ^{q}{}_{L}G_{p-q, \lambda }(u\alpha , v\alpha )\sum\limits_{\sigma = 0}^{q}\binom{q}{\sigma }T_{\sigma }(\beta -1)G_{q-\sigma , \lambda }(u\beta ). \end{eqnarray*}$

6. Concluding remark and observation

Motivated by importance and potential for applications in certain problems in number theory, combinatorics, classical and numerical analysis and other fields of applied mathematics, various special numbers and polynomials, and their variants and generalizations have been extensively investigated (for example, see the references here and those cited therein). The results presented here, being very general, can be specialized to yield a large number of identities involving known or new simpler numbers and polynomials. For example, the case $u = 0$ of the results presented here give the corresponding ones for the generalized partially degenerate Genocchi polynomials ^[3].

Acknowledgment

The authors express their thanks to the anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments and suggestions, which help to improve the paper in the current form.

Conflict of interest

We declare that we have no conflict of interests.

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1. Introduction and preliminaries

2. Partially degenerate Laguerre-Genocchi polynomials

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4. Implicit summation formulae

5. Symmetry identities

6. Concluding remark and observation

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Intuitionistic fuzzy credibility Dombi aggregation operators and their application of railway train selection in Pakistan

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