Citation: Xiaoming Peng, Xiaoxiao Zheng, Yadong Shang. Lower bounds for the blow-up time to a nonlinear viscoelastic wave equation with strong damping[J]. AIMS Mathematics, 2018, 3(4): 514-523. doi: 10.3934/Math.2018.4.514
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In this paper, we study the following initial boundary problem
{utt−Δu+∫t0g(t−s)Δu(s)ds−Δut=|u|p−2u,(x,t)∈Ω×[0,T),u(x,t)=0, x∈∂Ω,u(x,0)=u0(x),ut(x,0)=u1(x), |
where
It is well known that viscoelastic materials present a natural damping, which is due to some properties of these materials to keep memory of their past trace. This type of equations with viscoelastic term describe a variety of important physical processes [1] and the reference therein. There is a vast literature on the existence or nonexistence of global solutions, blow up results in finite time, and the asymptotic behavior of the solutions for the viscoelastic equations, we refer the interested readers to [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11] and the references therein. In particular, Song and Zhong [5] studied problem (1.1). They established a blow-up result for solutions with positive initial energy. Later, Song and Xue [6] extended this blow up result to solutions whose initial data have arbitrarily high initial energy.
Since Payne et al. [12,13] applied a differential inequality technique to obtain a lower bound on blow-up time for solutions of the semilinear heat equation. Many authors have given attention to this problem and obtained many profound results [14,15,16,17,18] and the references therein. However, there seems to have been little work devoted to obtaining lower bounds on blow-up time to solutions of viscoelastic problems. To our best knowledge, only few articles dealt with this questions, see [19,20,21]. Yang et al. [19] established a lower bound for the blow-up time of the following equation
utt−Δu+∫t0g(t−s)Δu(s)ds−|ut|m−2ut=|u|p−2u. |
Tian [20] considered a semilinear parabolic equation with viscoelastic term
ut−Δu+∫t0g(t−s)Δu(s)ds=|u|p−2u. |
By the means of differential inequality technique, they obtained a lower bound for blow-up time of the solution. Recently, Peng et al. [21] obtained a lower bound for the blow-up time to problem (1.1) by establishing a differential inequality. But they can only derived a lower bounds for blow up time
Throughout the paper, we use
Theorem 2.1 ([6]). Let
1−∫∞0g(s)ds=l>0. | (2.1) |
Let p be such that
{2<p<∞ n=1,2,2<p⩽2nn−2n⩾3. | (2.2) |
Then problem (1.1) has a unique local solution
u∈C([0,Tm);H10(Ω), ut∈C([0,Tm);L2(Ω))∩L2([0,Tm);H10(Ω)), |
for some
Define the energy functional
E(t)=12‖ut‖22+12(1−∫t0g(s)ds)‖∇u‖22+12(g∘∇u)(t)−1p‖u‖pp, |
where
(g∘v)(t)=∫t0g(t−s)‖v(t)−v(s)‖22ds. |
Theorem 2.2 ([6]). Assume that
g(s)⩾0,g′(s)⩽0,∫∞0g(s)ds<1−1(p−1)2. | (2.3) |
Let
(2∫Ωuutdx+‖∇u(t)‖22)|t=0>2pκE(0), | (2.4) |
then
κ=maxη1∈(0,1)κ(η1)=κ(η∗),κ(η1)=min(√(p+2)δη1λ1,δ(1−η1)), |
Let us introduce an auxiliary function
φ(t)=12‖ut‖22+12(1−∫t0g(s)ds)‖∇u‖22+12(g∘∇u)(t)+1p‖u‖pp, | (2.5) |
with
φ(0)=12‖u1(x)‖22+12‖∇u0(x)‖22+1p‖u0(x)‖pp. | (2.6) |
Theorem 2.3. Under the conditions (2.3) and (2.4), assume
{2<p<∞, n=1,2,2<p<2nn−2,n⩾3, |
then the solution
(1) If
t∗⩾2n−np+4p2K1(p−2)[φ(0)]4−2p2n−np+4p, |
where
(2) If
t∗⩾2(p−1)K2(p−2)[φ(0)]2−p2(p−1), |
where
(3) If
t∗⩾p−2K3(p+2)[φ(0)]2−pp+2. |
where
Proof. According to Theorem 2.2, the solution
limt→t∗[‖ut‖22+(1+1λ1)‖∇u‖22]=+∞, |
which implies that
limt→t∗φ(t)=+∞. | (2.7) |
Multiplying Eq. (1.1) by
12ddt{∫Ω|ut|2dx+∫Ω|∇u|2dx}=∫t0g(t−s)∫Ω∇ut⋅∇udxds−∫Ω|∇ut|2dx+∫Ω|u|p−2uutdx. | (2.8) |
For the first term on the right-hand side of (2.8), we have
∫t0g(t−s)∫Ω∇ut⋅∇udxds=12ddt{∫t0g(s)ds∫Ω|∇u(t)|2dx−∫t0g(t−s)ds∫Ω|∇u(s)−∇u(t)|2dx}−12g(t)∫Ω|∇u(t)|2dx+12∫t0g′(t−s)ds∫Ω|∇u(s)−∇u(t)|2dx. | (2.9) |
Inserting (2.9) into (2.8) gives
ddt{12∫Ω|ut|2dx+12(1−∫t0g(s)ds)∫Ω|∇u|2dx+12(g∘∇u)(t)+1p∫Ω|u|pdx}=−∫Ω|∇ut(t)|2dx+12∫t0g′(t−s)∫Ω|∇u(s)−∇u(t)|2dxds−12g(t)∫Ω|∇u(t)|2dx+2∫Ω|u|p−2uutdx. |
From (2.5), the above identity can be rewritten as
φ′(t)=−‖∇ut(t)‖2−12g(t)‖∇u(t)‖2+12(g′∘∇u)(t)+2∫Ω|u|p−2uutdx. | (2.10) |
Since
φ′(t)⩽−‖∇ut(t)‖2+2∫Ω|u|p−2uutdx. |
Using Hölder inequality, we have
φ′(t)⩽−‖∇ut(t)‖2+2‖u‖p−1p‖ut‖p. | (2.11) |
Next, we are going to estimate the second term on the right-hand side of (2.11).
Firstly, we consider the case
‖ut‖p⩽‖ut‖2n−p(n−2)2p2‖ut‖n(p−2)2p2nn−2. | (2.12) |
For any
abc⩽εrar+ε−s2rsbs+ε−θ2rθcθ, 1r+1s+1θ=1. | (2.13) |
Combing (2.12) with (2.13) gives
2‖u‖p−1p‖ut‖p⩽2‖u‖p−1p‖ut‖2n−p(n−2)2p2‖ut‖n(p−2)2p2nn−2⩽εr‖ut‖22nn−2+ε−s2rs‖ut‖2n−p(n−2)2ps2+ε−θ2r2θθ‖u‖θ(p−1)p, | (2.14) |
with
r=4pn(p−2)>1,s=4p(2n−np+6p−4)(2n−np+2p)(2n−np+4p)>4p2n−np+2p>4p2p=2,θ=2n−np+2p4(p−1)s=p(2n−np+6p−4)(p−1)(2n−np+4p)>2n−np+6p−42n−np+4p>1. |
Applying Sobolev inequality to the first term on the right-hand side of (2.13), we have
‖ut‖22nn−2⩽C21‖∇ut‖22, | (2.15) |
where
Recalling (2.5), we have
1p‖u‖pp⩽12‖ut‖22+12(1−∫t0g(s)ds)‖∇u‖22+12(g∘∇u)(t)+1p‖u‖pp=φ(t), | (2.16) |
12‖ut‖22⩽12‖ut‖22+12(1−∫t0g(s)ds)‖∇u‖22+12(g∘∇u)(t)+1p‖u‖pp=φ(t). | (2.17) |
Plugging (2.15)--(2.17) into (2.14), it follows that
2‖u‖p−1p‖ut‖p⩽εC21r‖∇ut‖22+ε−s2rs‖ut‖2n−p(n−2)2ps2+ε−θ2r2θθ‖u‖θ(p−1)p⩽εC21r‖∇ut‖22+ε−s2rs2(2n−np+2p)s4p[φ(t)](2n−np+2p)s4p+ε−θ2r2θθpθ(p−1)p[φ(t)]θ(p−1)p. | (2.18) |
Noting that
(2n−np+2p)s4p=θ(p−1)p=2n−np+6p−42n−np+4p>1, |
(2.18) can be rewritten as
2‖u‖p−1p‖ut‖p⩽εC21r‖∇ut‖22+[2γsε−s2r+pγ2θθε−θ2r][φ(t)]γ. | (2.19) |
where
γ=2n−np+6p−42n−np+4p>1. | (2.20) |
Inserting (2.19) into (2.11), we obtain
φ′(t)⩽(εC21r−1)‖∇ut‖22+[2γsε−s2r+pγ2θθε−θ2r][φ(t)]γ. | (2.21) |
Taking
φ′(t)⩽K1[φ(t)]γ. | (2.22) |
where
K1=2n−np+2ppγ22−γ[n(p−2)C214p]nγ(p−2)2n−np+2p+2pγp−1p−1γp1−γ[n(p−2)C214p]nγ(p−2)8(p−1). | (2.23) |
Integrating (2.22) from
11−γ{[φ(t)]1−γ−[φ(0)]1−γ}⩽K1t. | (2.24) |
Thus, letting
t∗⩾1K1(γ−1)[φ(0)]1−γ=2n−np+4p2K1(p−2)[φ(0)]2p−42n−np+4p. |
Next, we continue to estimate (2.11) for the case
‖ut‖pp⩽‖ut‖p−22‖ut‖2∞⩽‖ut‖p−22(C2‖∇ut‖2)2, | (2.25) |
where
Using again (2.13), we arrive at
2‖u‖p−1p‖ut‖p⩽2C2p2‖u‖p−1p‖∇ut‖p−2p2‖ut‖2p−np+2n2p2⩽εp‖∇ut‖22+ε−s2rs‖ut‖(2p−np+2n)s2p2+ε−θ2rθ2θCθ2‖u‖θ(p−1)p, | (2.26) |
with
r=p>2,s=p(3p−4)(p−1)(p−2)=2p(p−2)+p2(p−1)(p−2)>2pp−1=2,θ=p(3p−4)2(p−1)2s=3(p−1)2+2p−32(p−1)2>32. |
Combining (2.11), (2.16), (2.17) with (2.26) yields
φ′(t)⩽(εp−1)‖∇ut‖22+ε−s2rs‖ut‖(p−2)sp2+ε−θ2rθ2θC2θp2‖u‖θ(p−1)p⩽(εp−1)‖∇ut‖22+[ε−s2rs2(p−2)s2p+ε−θ2rθ2θC2θp2pθ(p−1)p][φ(t)]3p−42(p−1). | (2.27) |
Taking
φ′(t)⩽K2[φ(t)]3p−42(p−1), | (2.28) |
where
K2=(p−1)(p−2)p(3p−4)(p2p−2)3p−42(p−1)(p−2)[1+2(p−1)p−2p2p2−9p+82(p−1)(p−2)(2C2)3p−42(p−1)2]. | (2.29) |
Noting that
2(p−1)p−2[φ(0)]2−p2(p−1)⩽K2t∗, |
which implies that
t∗⩾2(p−1)K2(p−2)[φ(0)]2−p2(p−1). |
Finally, we estimate (2.11) for the case
‖ut‖p⩽N‖∇ut‖p−2p2‖ut‖2p2, | (2.30) |
where
Using again (2.13), we arrive at
2‖u‖p−1p‖ut‖p⩽2N‖u‖p−1p‖∇ut‖p−2p2‖ut‖2p2⩽εr‖∇ut‖(p−2)rp2+ε−s2rs‖ut‖2sp2+ε−θ2rθ2θNθ‖u‖θ(p−1)p,=(p−2)ε2p‖∇ut‖22+ε−s2rs‖ut‖4pp+22+ε−θ2rθ2θNθ‖u‖2p2p+2p, | (2.31) |
with
r=2pp−2>2, s=2p2p+2>2, θ=2p2(p−1)(p+2)>2pp+2>1. |
Combining (2.11), (2.16), (2.17) with (2.31) yields
φ′(t)⩽[(p−2)ε2p−1]‖∇ut‖22+ε−s2rs‖ut‖4pp+22+ε−θ2rθ2θKθ‖u‖2p2p+2p⩽[(p−2)ε2p−1]‖∇ut‖22+[ε−s2rs22pp+2+ε−θ2rθ2θNθp2pp+2][φ(t)]2pp+2. | (2.32) |
Taking
φ′(t)⩽K3[φ(t)]2pp+2, | (2.33) |
where
K3=p+2p2(2pp−2)−p(p−2)2(p+2)2p−2p+2[1+(p−1)(2pp−2)p(p−2)22(p−1)(p+2)22p(p−1)(p+2)N2p2(p−1)(p+2)p2pp+2]. | (2.34) |
Noting that
p−2p+2[φ(0)]2−pp+2⩽K3t∗, |
which implies that
t∗⩾p−2K3(p+2)[φ(0)]2−pp+2. |
The proof is complete.
Remark 1. From the proof of (2.14), we observe that it is clear that
Theorem 2.4. Let
t∗⩾∫∞φ(0)dηM1ηα(p−1)(α−1)p+M2, |
where
1<α<2,M1=αα−12αα−1α−1α−1pα(p−1)p(α−1),M2=22−α(α2)α2−αB2α2−αs |
and
Proof. As already mentioned, going back to (2.11), we need to estimate the second term on the right hand side of (2.11). In what follows, we are going to estimate it in a different way.
For any
ab⩽εrar+ε−srsbs,1r+1s=1. | (2.35) |
By means of the inequality (2.35) with
2‖u‖p−1p‖ut‖p⩽C3(‖u‖pp)α(p−1)p(α−1)+‖ut‖αp, | (2.36) |
where
We now focus our attention on the second term on the right in (2.36). Since
‖ut‖αp⩽Bαs‖∇ut‖α2⩽‖∇ut‖22+M2, | (2.37) |
where
Inserting (2.37) into (2.36) yields
2‖u‖p−1p‖ut‖p⩽C3(‖u‖pp)α(p−1)p(α−1)+‖∇ut‖22+M2. | (2.38) |
Combining (2.11), (2.16) with (2.38), we get
φ′(t)⩽M1[φ(t)]α(p−1)p(α−1)+M2, | (2.39) |
where
Integrating (2.39) from
∫φ(t)φ(0)dηM1ηα(p−1)p(α−1)+M2⩽t, |
from which we deduce a lower bound for
∫∞φ(0)dηM1ηα(p−1)p(α−1)+M2⩽t∗. |
The proof is complete.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest in this paper.
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