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Research article

Lower bounds for the blow-up time to a nonlinear viscoelastic wave equation with strong damping

  • Received: 19 August 2018 Accepted: 11 October 2018 Published: 01 November 2018
  • This paper deals with a nonlinear viscoelastic wave equation with strong damping. By the means of the interpolation inequalities and di erential inequality technique, we obtain a lower bound for blow-up time of the solution. This result extends our earlier work Peng et al. [Appl. Math. Lett., 76, 2018].

    Citation: Xiaoming Peng, Xiaoxiao Zheng, Yadong Shang. Lower bounds for the blow-up time to a nonlinear viscoelastic wave equation with strong damping[J]. AIMS Mathematics, 2018, 3(4): 514-523. doi: 10.3934/Math.2018.4.514

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  • This paper deals with a nonlinear viscoelastic wave equation with strong damping. By the means of the interpolation inequalities and di erential inequality technique, we obtain a lower bound for blow-up time of the solution. This result extends our earlier work Peng et al. [Appl. Math. Lett., 76, 2018].


    1. Introduction

    In this paper, we study the following initial boundary problem

    {uttΔu+t0g(ts)Δu(s)dsΔut=|u|p2u,(x,t)Ω×[0,T),u(x,t)=0, xΩ,u(x,0)=u0(x),ut(x,0)=u1(x),

    where ΩRn is a bounded domain with a smooth boundary Ω.

    It is well known that viscoelastic materials present a natural damping, which is due to some properties of these materials to keep memory of their past trace. This type of equations with viscoelastic term describe a variety of important physical processes [1] and the reference therein. There is a vast literature on the existence or nonexistence of global solutions, blow up results in finite time, and the asymptotic behavior of the solutions for the viscoelastic equations, we refer the interested readers to [2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11] and the references therein. In particular, Song and Zhong [5] studied problem (1.1). They established a blow-up result for solutions with positive initial energy. Later, Song and Xue [6] extended this blow up result to solutions whose initial data have arbitrarily high initial energy.

    Since Payne et al. [12,13] applied a differential inequality technique to obtain a lower bound on blow-up time for solutions of the semilinear heat equation. Many authors have given attention to this problem and obtained many profound results [14,15,16,17,18] and the references therein. However, there seems to have been little work devoted to obtaining lower bounds on blow-up time to solutions of viscoelastic problems. To our best knowledge, only few articles dealt with this questions, see [19,20,21]. Yang et al. [19] established a lower bound for the blow-up time of the following equation

    uttΔu+t0g(ts)Δu(s)ds|ut|m2ut=|u|p2u.

    Tian [20] considered a semilinear parabolic equation with viscoelastic term

    utΔu+t0g(ts)Δu(s)ds=|u|p2u.

    By the means of differential inequality technique, they obtained a lower bound for blow-up time of the solution. Recently, Peng et al. [21] obtained a lower bound for the blow-up time to problem (1.1) by establishing a differential inequality. But they can only derived a lower bounds for blow up time t when 2<p2(n22)n(n2). Compared with the condition of blow up result for p in [6], there exists a gap for p between 2(n22)n(n2) and 2nn2. It is still open whether a lower bound estimate can be obtained if p lies in this gap. Inspired by [18,20], the goal of this paper is to gives an answer to the problem unsolved in our earlier work Peng et. al [21]. By introducing a new auxiliary functional and using interpolation inequalities, we obtain lower bounds for the blow-up time for the problem (1.1).


    2. Main results

    Throughout the paper, we use to denote the Lp norm for 1p. Before stating our main results, let us recall the results on the local existence, uniqueness and blow-up in finite time of solutions to (1.1).

    Theorem 2.1 ([6]). Let (u0,u1)H10(Ω)×L2(Ω) be given. Let g be a C1 function satisfying

    10g(s)ds=l>0. (2.1)

    Let p be such that

    {2<p< n=1,2,2<p2nn2n3. (2.2)

    Then problem (1.1) has a unique local solution

    uC([0,Tm);H10(Ω), utC([0,Tm);L2(Ω))L2([0,Tm);H10(Ω)),

    for some Tm>0.

    Define the energy functional E(t) associated to the problem (1.1)

    E(t)=12ut22+12(1t0g(s)ds)u22+12(gu)(t)1pupp,

    where

    (gv)(t)=t0g(ts)v(t)v(s)22ds.

    Theorem 2.2 ([6]). Assume that p>2 satisfies (2.2) and let g be a C1 function satisfying

    g(s)0,g(s)0,0g(s)ds<11(p1)2. (2.3)

    Let u(t) be a solution of problem (1.1) satisfying

    (2Ωuutdx+u(t)22)|t=0>2pκE(0), (2.4)

    then u(t) blow up in finite time, where

    κ=maxη1(0,1)κ(η1)=κ(η),κ(η1)=min((p+2)δη1λ1,δ(1η1)),

    λ1 being the first eigenvalue of Δ, δ=(p2)l1p(1l), η is the root of the equation (p+2)δη1λ1=δ(1η1).

    Let us introduce an auxiliary function

    φ(t)=12ut22+12(1t0g(s)ds)u22+12(gu)(t)+1pupp, (2.5)

    with

    φ(0)=12u1(x)22+12u0(x)22+1pu0(x)pp. (2.6)

    Theorem 2.3. Under the conditions (2.3) and (2.4), assume p satisfy

    {2<p<, n=1,2,2<p<2nn2,n3,

    then the solution u(x,t) of problem (1.1) blows up in finite time t.

    (1) If n3, then t is bounded below by

    t2nnp+4p2K1(p2)[φ(0)]42p2nnp+4p,

    where K1 is given in (2.22).

    (2) If n=1, then t is bounded below by

    t2(p1)K2(p2)[φ(0)]2p2(p1),

    where K2 is given in (2.29).

    (3) If n=2, then t is bounded below by

    tp2K3(p+2)[φ(0)]2pp+2.

    where K3 is given in (2.34).

    Proof. According to Theorem 2.2, the solution u(x,t) of (1.1) blows up in a finite time t. Besides, Song and Xue [6] proved that

    limtt[ut22+(1+1λ1)u22]=+,

    which implies that

    limttφ(t)=+. (2.7)

    Multiplying Eq. (1.1) by ut and integrating over Ω yields

    12ddt{Ω|ut|2dx+Ω|u|2dx}=t0g(ts)ΩutudxdsΩ|ut|2dx+Ω|u|p2uutdx. (2.8)

    For the first term on the right-hand side of (2.8), we have

    t0g(ts)Ωutudxds=12ddt{t0g(s)dsΩ|u(t)|2dxt0g(ts)dsΩ|u(s)u(t)|2dx}12g(t)Ω|u(t)|2dx+12t0g(ts)dsΩ|u(s)u(t)|2dx. (2.9)

    Inserting (2.9) into (2.8) gives

    ddt{12Ω|ut|2dx+12(1t0g(s)ds)Ω|u|2dx+12(gu)(t)+1pΩ|u|pdx}=Ω|ut(t)|2dx+12t0g(ts)Ω|u(s)u(t)|2dxds12g(t)Ω|u(t)|2dx+2Ω|u|p2uutdx.

    From (2.5), the above identity can be rewritten as

    φ(t)=ut(t)212g(t)u(t)2+12(gu)(t)+2Ω|u|p2uutdx. (2.10)

    Since g(s)0 and g(s)0, it follows from (2.10) that

    φ(t)ut(t)2+2Ω|u|p2uutdx.

    Using Hölder inequality, we have

    φ(t)ut(t)2+2up1putp. (2.11)

    Next, we are going to estimate the second term on the right-hand side of (2.11).

    Firstly, we consider the case n3. Using interpolation inequality yields

    utput2np(n2)2p2utn(p2)2p2nn2. (2.12)

    For any ε>0,r,s,θ>1, we have the following Young inequality

    abcεrar+εs2rsbs+εθ2rθcθ, 1r+1s+1θ=1. (2.13)

    Combing (2.12) with (2.13) gives

    2up1putp2up1put2np(n2)2p2utn(p2)2p2nn2εrut22nn2+εs2rsut2np(n2)2ps2+εθ2r2θθuθ(p1)p, (2.14)

    with

    r=4pn(p2)>1,s=4p(2nnp+6p4)(2nnp+2p)(2nnp+4p)>4p2nnp+2p>4p2p=2,θ=2nnp+2p4(p1)s=p(2nnp+6p4)(p1)(2nnp+4p)>2nnp+6p42nnp+4p>1.

    Applying Sobolev inequality to the first term on the right-hand side of (2.13), we have

    ut22nn2C21ut22, (2.15)

    where C1 is the best constant of the Sobolev embedding H10(Ω)L2nn2(Ω).

    Recalling (2.5), we have

    1pupp12ut22+12(1t0g(s)ds)u22+12(gu)(t)+1pupp=φ(t), (2.16)
    12ut2212ut22+12(1t0g(s)ds)u22+12(gu)(t)+1pupp=φ(t). (2.17)

    Plugging (2.15)--(2.17) into (2.14), it follows that

    2up1putpεC21rut22+εs2rsut2np(n2)2ps2+εθ2r2θθuθ(p1)pεC21rut22+εs2rs2(2nnp+2p)s4p[φ(t)](2nnp+2p)s4p+εθ2r2θθpθ(p1)p[φ(t)]θ(p1)p. (2.18)

    Noting that

    (2nnp+2p)s4p=θ(p1)p=2nnp+6p42nnp+4p>1,

    (2.18) can be rewritten as

    2up1putpεC21rut22+[2γsεs2r+pγ2θθεθ2r][φ(t)]γ. (2.19)

    where

    γ=2nnp+6p42nnp+4p>1. (2.20)

    Inserting (2.19) into (2.11), we obtain

    φ(t)(εC21r1)ut22+[2γsεs2r+pγ2θθεθ2r][φ(t)]γ. (2.21)

    Taking ε=4pn(p2)C21 in (2.21) leads to

    φ(t)K1[φ(t)]γ. (2.22)

    where

    K1=2nnp+2ppγ22γ[n(p2)C214p]nγ(p2)2nnp+2p+2pγp1p1γp1γ[n(p2)C214p]nγ(p2)8(p1). (2.23)

    Integrating (2.22) from 0 to t results in

    11γ{[φ(t)]1γ[φ(0)]1γ}K1t. (2.24)

    Thus, letting tt and taking into account (2.7), we have the lower bound for t

    t1K1(γ1)[φ(0)]1γ=2nnp+4p2K1(p2)[φ(0)]2p42nnp+4p.

    Next, we continue to estimate (2.11) for the case n=1. Using Hölder inequality and Sobolev inequality, we have

    utpputp22ut2utp22(C2ut2)2, (2.25)

    where C2 is the best constant of the Sobolev embedding H10(Ω)L(Ω).

    Using again (2.13), we arrive at

    2up1putp2C2p2up1putp2p2ut2pnp+2n2p2εput22+εs2rsut(2pnp+2n)s2p2+εθ2rθ2θCθ2uθ(p1)p, (2.26)

    with

    r=p>2,s=p(3p4)(p1)(p2)=2p(p2)+p2(p1)(p2)>2pp1=2,θ=p(3p4)2(p1)2s=3(p1)2+2p32(p1)2>32.

    Combining (2.11), (2.16), (2.17) with (2.26) yields

    φ(t)(εp1)ut22+εs2rsut(p2)sp2+εθ2rθ2θC2θp2uθ(p1)p(εp1)ut22+[εs2rs2(p2)s2p+εθ2rθ2θC2θp2pθ(p1)p][φ(t)]3p42(p1). (2.27)

    Taking ε=p in (2.27), we have

    φ(t)K2[φ(t)]3p42(p1), (2.28)

    where

    K2=(p1)(p2)p(3p4)(p2p2)3p42(p1)(p2)[1+2(p1)p2p2p29p+82(p1)(p2)(2C2)3p42(p1)2]. (2.29)

    Noting that 3p42(p1)>1 and integrating (2.28) from 0 to t results in

    2(p1)p2[φ(0)]2p2(p1)K2t,

    which implies that

    t2(p1)K2(p2)[φ(0)]2p2(p1).

    Finally, we estimate (2.11) for the case n=2. Using interpolation theorem [22], we have

    utpNutp2p2ut2p2, (2.30)

    where K is an embedding constant.

    Using again (2.13), we arrive at

    2up1putp2Nup1putp2p2ut2p2εrut(p2)rp2+εs2rsut2sp2+εθ2rθ2θNθuθ(p1)p,=(p2)ε2put22+εs2rsut4pp+22+εθ2rθ2θNθu2p2p+2p, (2.31)

    with

    r=2pp2>2, s=2p2p+2>2, θ=2p2(p1)(p+2)>2pp+2>1.

    Combining (2.11), (2.16), (2.17) with (2.31) yields

    φ(t)[(p2)ε2p1]ut22+εs2rsut4pp+22+εθ2rθ2θKθu2p2p+2p[(p2)ε2p1]ut22+[εs2rs22pp+2+εθ2rθ2θNθp2pp+2][φ(t)]2pp+2. (2.32)

    Taking ε=2pp2 in (2.32), we have

    φ(t)K3[φ(t)]2pp+2, (2.33)

    where

    K3=p+2p2(2pp2)p(p2)2(p+2)2p2p+2[1+(p1)(2pp2)p(p2)22(p1)(p+2)22p(p1)(p+2)N2p2(p1)(p+2)p2pp+2]. (2.34)

    Noting that 2pp+2>1 and integrating (2.33) from 0 to t results in

    p2p+2[φ(0)]2pp+2K3t,

    which implies that

    tp2K3(p+2)[φ(0)]2pp+2.

    The proof is complete.

    Remark 1. From the proof of (2.14), we observe that it is clear that 2nnp+2p=0 when p=2nn2 for n3. In this case, the inequality (2.14) doesn't hold. Thus we need to develop new ideas to restructure this inequality.

    Theorem 2.4. Let φ(t) and φ(0) be defined in (2.5) and (2.6). Suppose that the conditions of Theorem 2.2 hold. Then the solution of (1.1) blows up in finite time t, which is bounded below by

    tφ(0)dηM1ηα(p1)(α1)p+M2,

    where

    1<α<2,M1=αα12αα1α1α1pα(p1)p(α1),M2=22α(α2)α2αB2α2αs

    and Bs is the best constant of the Sobolev embedding H10(Ω)Lp(Ω).

    Proof. As already mentioned, going back to (2.11), we need to estimate the second term on the right hand side of (2.11). In what follows, we are going to estimate it in a different way.

    For any ε>0,r>1,s>1, we have the following known Young inequality

    abεrar+εsrsbs,1r+1s=1. (2.35)

    By means of the inequality (2.35) with r=α;s=αα1,ε=α, it follows that

    2up1putpC3(upp)α(p1)p(α1)+utαp, (2.36)

    where C3=αα12αα1α1α1.

    We now focus our attention on the second term on the right in (2.36). Since 1<α<2, using Sobolev inequality and (2.35) with r=2α,s=22α,ε=2α, we arrive at

    utαpBαsutα2ut22+M2, (2.37)

    where M2=22α(α2)α2αB2α2αs,Bs is the best constant of the Sobolev embedding H10(Ω)Lp(Ω).

    Inserting (2.37) into (2.36) yields

    2up1putpC3(upp)α(p1)p(α1)+ut22+M2. (2.38)

    Combining (2.11), (2.16) with (2.38), we get

    φ(t)M1[φ(t)]α(p1)p(α1)+M2, (2.39)

    where M1=C3pα(p1)p(α1).

    Integrating (2.39) from 0 to t yields

    φ(t)φ(0)dηM1ηα(p1)p(α1)+M2t,

    from which we deduce a lower bound for t, namely,

    φ(0)dηM1ηα(p1)p(α1)+M2t.

    The proof is complete.


    Conflict of interest

    The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest in this paper.


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