Investigation of the protective and therapeutic effects of <i>Lactobacillus casei</i> and <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> in a breast cancer mouse model

Kholoud Baraka; Rania Abozahra; Maged Wasfy Helmy; Nada Salah El Dine El Meniawy; Sarah M Abdelhamid; Kholoud Baraka; Rania Abozahra; Maged Wasfy Helmy; Nada Salah El Dine El Meniawy; Sarah M Abdelhamid

doi:10.3934/microbiol.2022016

AIMS Microbiology

2022, Volume 8, Issue 2: 193-207. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2022016

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Research article Special Issues

Investigation of the protective and therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a breast cancer mouse model

1.
Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhur, Egypt
2.
Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhur, Egypt

Received: 13 December 2021 Revised: 22 April 2022 Accepted: 27 April 2022 Published: 16 May 2022

Introduction
The development of novel strategies for cancer therapy is crucial to improve standard treatment protocols.
Aim
This study aimed to determine the protective and therapeutic effects of heat-killed preparations of Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a breast cancer mouse model.
Methods
Forty-two female BALB/c mice (7–8 weeks old) were divided into six groups (seven mice per group). Four groups were injected with 10⁷ Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) subcutaneously into the left side of the mammary fat pad. Tumor growth was monitored weekly until all animals developed a palpable tumor. The tumor-bearing mice in the experimental groups received heat-killed L. casei or S. cerevisiae three times per week for 35 days. The mice in the control group received PBS. The remaining two groups received heated L. casei or S. cerevisiae and then were injected with EAT cells. After 35 days, all mice were sacrificed to determine the immune response.
Results
Animals that received heated S. cerevisiae exhibited the lowest rate of tumor growth compared with the other groups. TGF-β and IL-4 secretion was increased in all mice, whereas the secretion of INF-γ and IL-10 was decreased in breast tissues. Moreover, at the histopathological level, the volume of viable tumor in the control group was higher than in the treated groups.
Conclusion
Supplementary treatment with S. cerevisiae resulted in the best outcome in the breast cancer model compared with other treated and vaccinated groups.
- Lactobacillus casei,
- Saccharomyces cerevisiae,
- mouse,
- breast cancer,
- cytokines
Citation: Kholoud Baraka, Rania Abozahra, Maged Wasfy Helmy, Nada Salah El Dine El Meniawy, Sarah M Abdelhamid. Investigation of the protective and therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a breast cancer mouse model[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2022, 8(2): 193-207. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2022016

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Abstract

Introduction

The development of novel strategies for cancer therapy is crucial to improve standard treatment protocols.

Aim

This study aimed to determine the protective and therapeutic effects of heat-killed preparations of Lactobacillus casei and Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a breast cancer mouse model.

Methods

Forty-two female BALB/c mice (7–8 weeks old) were divided into six groups (seven mice per group). Four groups were injected with 10⁷ Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) cells suspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) subcutaneously into the left side of the mammary fat pad. Tumor growth was monitored weekly until all animals developed a palpable tumor. The tumor-bearing mice in the experimental groups received heat-killed L. casei or S. cerevisiae three times per week for 35 days. The mice in the control group received PBS. The remaining two groups received heated L. casei or S. cerevisiae and then were injected with EAT cells. After 35 days, all mice were sacrificed to determine the immune response.

Results

Animals that received heated S. cerevisiae exhibited the lowest rate of tumor growth compared with the other groups. TGF-β and IL-4 secretion was increased in all mice, whereas the secretion of INF-γ and IL-10 was decreased in breast tissues. Moreover, at the histopathological level, the volume of viable tumor in the control group was higher than in the treated groups.

Conclusion

Supplementary treatment with S. cerevisiae resulted in the best outcome in the breast cancer model compared with other treated and vaccinated groups.

Author contributions

Sarah Abdelhamid and Rania Abozahra conceived and designed the study. Maged Wasfy and Nada Elmeniawy conducted the experiments. Sarah Abdelhamid and Kholoud Baraka analyzed the data. Kholoud Baraka wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

Conflict of interest

We declare that we have no conflict of interest.

Ethical approval

All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed. This research adhered to the accepted principles of ethical conduct according to the approval reference number (618PM5) by the Research Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University. Informed consent from the parents of young patients was obtained prior to undertaking testing and molecular investigation of their specimens.

Data availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.

Limitations of the study

Although EAT model is widely used for breast cancer assays, xenograft animal model of mammary glands using human cancer cell lines is still highly recommended to increase the reliability of results. In addition, development of more convenient vehicular methods for bacterial delivery is still highly recommended for future clinical applications.

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