Figure 1.
Oil samples after opening for analysis; A: HCB: Cottonseed oil collected in Bobo Dioulasso; HAO: Peanut oil collected in Ouagadougou; Numbers 4, 7, 8 and 10 are the samples numbers. B: Crude peanut oil in a beaker.
To identify the internal mechanism of the relationship between physical activity and mental health in home exercises.
Participants were 2233 college students with an average age of 19.34 (SD = 1.07) recruited from southern China using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and hierarchical multiple regression. They completed the college student physical activity questionnaire, regulatory emotional self-efficacy scale (RES) and Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) to explore the internal mechanism of the relationship between home exercises and mental health in the context of fitness campaign.
Statistical analysis based on ANOVA and hierarchical multiple regression, and the results showed that gender differences is a critical factor influencing the effectiveness of home exercise on mental health in college students. Furthermore, individuals with regulatory emotional self-efficacy are more likely to keep exercising, which may stimulate the positive effect on enhancing mental health.
Variable of emotion regulation efficacy play an important role in promoting college students positive emotions, stimulating potential, and improving physical and mental health. Further to advocate sports interventions for home-stay groups to improve their control of emotions, thereby reducing their anxiety and depression in the face of unexpected events.
Citation: Zhenghong Xu, Juan Du. A mental health informatics study on the mediating effect of the regulatory emotional self-efficacy[J]. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 2021, 18(3): 2775-2788. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2021141
| [1] | Norihito Kishimoto . Reducing free acidity and acrolein formation of omega-3-rich oils by blending with extra virgin olive oil during microwave heating. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2022, 7(1): 96-105. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2022006 |
| [2] | Nubia Amaya Olivas, Cindy Villalba Bejarano, Guillermo Ayala Soto, Miriam Zermeño Ortega, Fabiola Sandoval Salas, Esteban Sánchez Chávez, Leon Hernández Ochoa . Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of essential oils of Origanum dictamnus from Mexico. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2020, 5(3): 387-394. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2020.3.387 |
| [3] | Svyatoslav Lebedev, Elena Sheida, Irina Vershinina, Victoria Grechkina, Ilmira Gubaidullina, Sergey Miroshnikov, Oksana Shoshina . Use of chromium nanoparticles as a protector of digestive enzymes and biochemical parameters for various sources of fat in the diet of calves. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2021, 6(1): 14-31. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2021002 |
| [4] | Thornthan Sawangwan, Chompoonuth Porncharoennop, Harit Nimraksa . Antioxidant compounds from rice bran fermentation by lactic acid bacteria. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2021, 6(2): 578-587. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2021034 |
| [5] | Abdul Basit M. Gaba, Mohamed A. Hassan, Ashraf A. Abd El-Tawab, Mohamed A. Abdelmonem, Mohamed K. Morsy . Impact of low energy electron beam on black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) microbial reduction, quality parameters, and antioxidant activity. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2022, 7(3): 737-749. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2022045 |
| [6] | Albert Nugraha, Asadin Briliantama, M Umar Harun, Li Sing-Chung, Chin Xuan Tan, Vuanghao Lim, Amir Husni, Widiastuti Setyaningsih . Ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from ear mushrooms (Auricularia auricula-judae): Assessing composition and antioxidant activity during fruiting body development. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2024, 9(4): 1134-1150. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2024059 |
| [7] | Pham Thi Thu Ha, Nguyen Thi Bao Tran, Nguyen Thi Ngoc Tram, Vo Hoang Kha . Total phenolic, total flavonoid contents and antioxidant potential of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Vietnam. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2020, 5(4): 635-648. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2020.4.635 |
| [8] | R. Amilia Destryana, Teti Estiasih, Sukardi, Dodyk Pranowo . The potential uses of Galangal (Alpinia sp.) essential oils as the sources of biologically active compounds. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2024, 9(4): 1064-1109. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2024057 |
| [9] | Nicolas Nagahama, Bruno Gastaldi, Michael N. Clifford, María M. Manifesto, Renée H. Fortunato . The influence of environmental variations on the phenolic compound profiles and antioxidant activity of two medicinal Patagonian valerians (Valeriana carnosa Sm. and V. clarionifolia Phil.). AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2021, 6(1): 106-124. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2021007 |
| [10] | Thi Thuy Le, Trung Kien Nguyen, Nu Minh Nguyet Ton, Thi Thu Tra Tran, Van Viet Man Le . Quality of cookies supplemented with various levels of turmeric by-product powder. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2024, 9(1): 209-219. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2024012 |
To identify the internal mechanism of the relationship between physical activity and mental health in home exercises.
Participants were 2233 college students with an average age of 19.34 (SD = 1.07) recruited from southern China using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and hierarchical multiple regression. They completed the college student physical activity questionnaire, regulatory emotional self-efficacy scale (RES) and Symptom Checklist (SCL-90) to explore the internal mechanism of the relationship between home exercises and mental health in the context of fitness campaign.
Statistical analysis based on ANOVA and hierarchical multiple regression, and the results showed that gender differences is a critical factor influencing the effectiveness of home exercise on mental health in college students. Furthermore, individuals with regulatory emotional self-efficacy are more likely to keep exercising, which may stimulate the positive effect on enhancing mental health.
Variable of emotion regulation efficacy play an important role in promoting college students positive emotions, stimulating potential, and improving physical and mental health. Further to advocate sports interventions for home-stay groups to improve their control of emotions, thereby reducing their anxiety and depression in the face of unexpected events.
Abbreviations: HPLC: high performance liquid chromatography; DAD: diode array detector; PTFE: polytetrafluoroethylenen; DPPH: 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl; SPSS: statistical package for the social sciences; OP: Ouagadougou-Pabré; OS: Ouagadougou-Saaba; BD: Bobo Dioulasso
Edible oils are foodstuffs that are derived from several raw materials. These oils are used in human food. They are beneficial and have an essential role in food in terms of technology, nutrition and organoleptic activity [1]. However, free radicals are highly toxic molecules found in most foods [2]. Indeed, the organism faces the attacks of these free radicals. These compounds are responsible for cellular and tissue damage that is often irreversible. The most vulnerable biological targets are proteins, lipids and deoxyribonucleic acid [2]. They are considered to be promoters of several diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular and neurological disease [3]. For this reason, the consumption of foods with a high free radical scavenging activity such as wine, fruits and virgin oils is strongly recommended [4]. The edible oils are one of the main sources of α-tocopherol [5] and phenolic compounds. In addition to their beneficial role for the body, these biomolecules contribute to the oil stability against oxidation [6].
Vitamin E is a general term used to refer to tocopherols and tocotrienols [7]. Tocopherols are the main group of primary antioxidants found in vegetable oils and fats [8]. The most common and biologically active tocopherol in nature is α-tocopherol. These compounds function as the most effective fat-soluble antioxidants, protecting cell membranes from pyroxylated radicals and mutagenic nitrogen oxide species [9]. Increased α-tocopherol intake was inversely associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular and coronary heart disease [10]. Other group of antioxidants known are Phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds are different families and found in oils [11]. They are improperly called "polyphenols" and are responsible for the good stability against the oil oxidation. Also, these constituents are called bio-phenols [6]. The undeniable bio-phenols role are powerful antioxidants in the prevention of human pathologies [12,13]. The presence of antioxidant compounds makes it possible to determine the antioxidant activity of vegetable oil.
In Burkina Faso, refined cottonseed oils and crude peanut oils are produced for human consumption. These oils face competition from imported oils. However, no major studies have evaluated the biomolecules and antioxidant activity of these oils. Malnutrition and micronutrient deficiencies are a major public health problem in most West African countries [14] including Burkina Faso. Thus, knowledge of the levels of α-tocopherol, total phenolic compounds and oxidative stability would be an undeniable asset in terms of nutrition, production and consumption of edible oils. Hence, the objective of this study were to determine the antioxidants compounds, to evaluate the antioxidant activity of vegetable oils produced in Burkina Faso and to propose good manufacturing practices.
The reagents and solvents used for the determination of α-tocopherol, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were HPLC grade. The standards of α-tocopherol (Sigma Aldrich, purity ≥ 96%), gallic acid (Sigma Aldrich, purity ≥ 99%, Cas 5995-86-8), trolox (Sigma Aldrich, Cas 53188-07-1, purty 97%), DPPH (Sigma Aldrich, Cas 1898-66-4) and ammonium acetate (purity 98%), Sodium carbonate (Sigma Aldrich, purity ≥ 99, 5%, Cas 497-19-8) were used. Methanol (Fisher scientific, purity ≥ 99%), tetrahydrofuran (Fisher scientific, 99% extra pure) are HPLC grade, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (AppliChem, Germany) were used for total phenolic compounds determination.
The oil samples collected were crude peanut oils and refined cottonseed oils. A total of thirty-two (32) samples were collected in 60 mL amber plastic vials and hermetically sealed and stored in icebox for future analysis. Crude peanut oils were collected from production sites and some markets. Refined cottonseed oils were collected from production units in Ouagadougou, Pabré and Bobo Dioulasso. Specifically, sixteen (16) samples of refined cottonseed oils were collected : eight (8) samples taken in Ouagadougou-Pabré and eight (8) samples taken in Bobo Dioulasso. For peanut oils, sixteen (16) samples including eight (8) samples taken in Ouagadougou-Saaba and eight (8) samples taken in Bobo Dioulasso were collected. The Figure 1 gives the photo of samples of oils.
The α-tocopherol was quantified by HPLC according to the method used by Bele et al.[15] with some modifications. An Agilent 1200 series HPLC system/Agilent technology (Germany) was used. A C8 Kinetex 2.6 µm 100 Å 150*4.6 mm column (Phenomenex) and a DAD (Diode Array Detector) were used. The injection volume was 5 µL and a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The mobile phase consisted of solvent A 60% of methanol/ammonium acetate mixture 1 M (70:30, V/V) and solvent B 40% of methanol. The α-tocopherol wavelength detection is 295 nm. A quantity of 250 mg oil was weighed into a test tube. A volume of 5 mL mixture methanol/tetrahydrofuran (50:50, V/V) was added and vortexed (Stuart, UK) for one minute. The resulting solution was filtered through a 0.45µm PTFE filter in a vial and injected for quantification.
The identification and quantification of α-tocopherol in oil are based on the comparison of retention times with those of standards, linear regression of areas and concentrations of calibration points by the method of external standards. The α-tocopherol stock solution was prepared by dissolving 52.56 mg of α-tocopherol (Sigma Aldrich) with 20 mL tetrahydrofuran (Fisher scientific) and homogenizing. This solution was diluted to 0.1 mg/mL. Also, eight standards solutions were prepared with the methanol/tetrahydrofuran mixture (50:50, V/V) in 10 mL volumetric flasks. The standard solutions concentrations ranged from 0.002 mg/mL to 0.036 mg/mL. These solutions were filtered and injected in HPLC and processed under the same conditions as the oil samples. The α-tocopherol quantification was obtained using the calibration curve of the standards solutions areas as a function of concentrations.
Phenolic compounds were extracted adapted from the method used by Merouane et al. [16]. Three grams of oil were weighed in centrifuge vials. A volume of 3 mL methanol-water solvent (80:20, V/V) were added. After one minute of agitation (Stuart, UK), the solution was centrifuged (MR22i centrifuge/Jouan, France) at 6500 rpm for 10 minutes at 15 ℃. The upper phase was collected. The lower phase underwent two additional extractions. The three supernatants were collected and dry evaporated under nitrogen using a puriVac-6™ at 30 ℃. The dry residue was collected in 1.5 mL of the methanol-water mixture (80:20; V/V), filtered through a 0.45 µm PTFE filter and stored at −80 ℃ for analysis [16].
Oil samples containing total phenolic compounds, treated with the Folin Ciocalteu reagent in an alkaline medium (Sodium carbonate), develop a blue coloration measurable by spectrophotometry. The coloration development is influenced by temperature and reaction time [17]. The total phenolic compounds quantification was performed by Folin Ciocalteu method using a gallery (Thermo scientific, Finland). 25 µL of oil extract was mixed with 125 µL of Folin Ciocalteu reagent (AppliChem, Germany) and diluted at 1/10. Finally, a volume of 100 µL sodium carbonate solution 7.5% (Sigma Aldrich, Germany) was added. The mixture was stirred and incubated at 30 ℃ for 30 min before reading the absorbance at 750 nm. The spectrophotometric analysis were repeated three times on each type of oil sample [18]. At the same time, a gallic acid solution (99% purity, Sigma Aldrich, China) was prepared. Each standard dilution solution was treated as the oil sample. Concentrations ranged from 0.0025 to 0.22 mg/mL. The total phenolic contents were calculated on the basis of the calibration curve of gallic acid and expressed as gallic acid equivalents.
The method adapted on a gallery sequential analyzer (Thermo scientific, Finland) was used for the determination of the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. DPPH is a relatively stable free radical [19]. A discoloration from violet to colorless explains the power of the extract to trap this radical, which can be detected by a UV spectrophotometer. This discoloration highlights the antioxidant power of a sample by its capacity to trap the free radical [20]. Percent inhibition and antioxidant activities were obtained after determination of absorbance using the DPPH radical. The method consisted of spectrophotometric measurement of the intensity of the color change in solution depending on the amount of 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The reaction was carried out by adding 12 µL of oil extract to 230 µL of DPPH (63.4 µM) solution. After incubation at 30 ℃ for 30 minutes, absorbance was read at 520 nm [21]. A control solution was performed by replacing DPPH with pure methanol. The scavenger activity/percentage inhibition of the DPPH radical of oil extract was calculated as follows [22]:
| %DPPH=Control Absorbance−Sample AbsorbanceControl Absorbance×100 | (1) |
The antioxidant properties are due to their ability to form an intramolecular hydrogen bond [23]. The standard solutions of trolox® were prepared and the concentration were ranged between 0.048 and 0.016 mg/mL. The oil antioxidant activities were calculated from the calibration curve obtained from a trolox® solution used as a reference and expressed in mg/mL of trolox equivalent in the oil extract.
The statistical analysis were performed using Excel 2013 and SPSS Version 20 software. Data analyses were replicated three times by oil samples. The Fisher test was used to compare the different values obtained at probability thresholds of p = 5% (significant if p < 0.05 and non-significant if p > 0.05).
Chromatograms of oil samples and standard allowed the quantification of alpha tocopherol. A slight difference in retention time of alpha tocopherol peak is observed. This difference could be due to the mobile phase preparation. Also, an increase of the temperature especially that of the column decreases the retention of the solute. The α-tocopherol levels range from 4.79 to 16.49 mg/100 g for crude peanut oils. For refined cottonseed oils, the values range from 42.38 to 68.63 mg/100 g. Overall, the averages are 10.89 and 56.44 mg/100 g for crude peanut oils and refined cottonseed oil, respectively (p < 0.05). The α-tocopherol values of cottonseed oils are higher than those obtained for crude peanut oils. This difference could be related to the manufacturing process of peanut oils which are subjected to a high drying temperature during the manufacturing process of "Koura-Koura" which is a cake sold on the markets. Also, the exposure of the oils to the air is responsible for oxidation which decreases the α-tocopherol content as the loss of vitamin E is mainly due to oxidation reactions. The results for α-tocopherol and total phenolic compounds values are shown in Table 1.
| Oil | City | Parameter | |||
| Range | Average ± SD | ||||
| α–T (mg/100 g) | CPT (mg/100 g) | α-T (mg/100 g) | CPT (mg/100 g) | ||
| Peanut | OS | 4.79–14.18 | 0.94–2.08 | 9.25 ± 3.20a | 1.51 ± 0.40a |
| BD | 10.54–16.49 | 2.10–7.36 | 12.53 ± 1.89a | 4.31 ± 1.94a | |
| Cottonseed | OP | 42.38–62.62 | 0.43–1.27 | 52.12 ± 8.72b | 0.69 ± 0.26b |
| BD | 50.10–68.63 | 0.42–0.70 | 60.76 ± 7.30c | 0.58 ± 0.11c | |
| Peanut | OS & BD | 4.79–16.49 | 0.94–1.36 | 10.89 ± 3.05a | 2.91 ± 1.98a |
| Cottonseed | OP & BD | 42.38–68.63 | 0.42–1.27 | 56.44 ± 8.96a | 0.64 ± 0.20a |
| SD: Standard deviation; OS: Ouagadougou-Saaba; BD: Bobo Dioulasso; OP: Ouagadougou-Pabré; α-T: α-tocopherol; CPT: Total phenolic compounds. Numbers with different letters in the same column and by oil type do not show a significant difference at the 5% threshold. | |||||
DownLoad:
CSV
A partial α-tocopherol degradation in oil is observed during the heating. The loss of α-tocopherol depend on the nature of oil and can exceed 50% [24]. Oil refining reduces α-tocopherol content by 15 to 20% during deodorization and especially during discoloration step [25]. The storage process leads to a decrease the tocopherol content of the seeds [26]. A partial degradation of tocopherols of 10 to 40% of their initial value after one to two hours of heating at 180 ℃ has been observed [25]. This may justify the low α-tocopherol levels of crude peanut oils because these oils are produced traditionally. Compared to other studies, the crude peanut oils value is higher than 100.16 mg/Kg [7], 102 mg/Kg [27] and lower than 12.66 mg/100 g [28]. For cottonseed oils, our average is above 28.62 mg/100 g [28]. In addition to their vitamin and therapeutic role [29], tocopherols are chain-breaking antioxidants of radical chains in membranes and foods [30]. The antioxidant activity is due to the 6-OH-chroman nucleus [25].
The Figure 2 gives the chromatograms of α-tocopherol of cottonseed oils and peanut oils.
Total phenolic compounds values for peanut oils range from 0.94 to 7.36 mg gallic acid/100 g. For cottonseed oils, the values range from 0.42 to 1.27 mg gallic acid/100 g. Total phenolic compounds in this study for both types of oils are 0.64 and 2.91 mg gallic acid/100 g for refined cottonseed oils and crude peanut oils, respectively (p < 0.05). Total phenolic compounds in peanut oils are higher than those in cottonseed oils. This result is confirmed by several authors including Shad et al. [31] who found total phenolic compounds contents between 45.6 and 47.74 mg/100g for peanut oils. For cottonseed oils, Mohdaly et al. [32] obtained 9.87 mg/100 g compared to 8.22 mg/g [33]. All values are higher than the values obtained in this study. The low value of phenolic compounds in our study could be due to extraction processes and oils oxidation. A large part of these compounds are eliminated due to oil extraction methods and conditions encountered during refining including high temperatures, acid and alkaline agents, and metal equipment [34]. Phenolic compounds or "bio-phenols" [29] are effective antioxidants with antimicrobial, lipid-lowering, cholesterol-lowering and anti-carcinogenic properties [35]. The redox properties of phenolic compounds allow them to act as reducing agents, hydrogen donors and singlet oxygen scavengers [36]. Phenolic compounds of natural origin are characterized by a high antioxidant capacity comparable to tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ), which is synthetic, and can replace it in the food industry [37].
The inhibition percentages of peanut oils produced range from 5.96% to 43.67%. For refined cottonseed oils, the values range from 2.37 to 12.90 %. The average inhibition percentages of crude peanut oils and refined cottonseed oils in this study are 17.97% and 5.58%, respectively. The inhibition percentages of DPPH radical of peanut oils are higher than those of cottonseed oils (p < 0.05). The DPPH method can predict the oxidative stability of oils by taking into account the initial concentration of free radical scavengers and the oxidation time required for the consumption of the first antioxidants [38]. Among the lipid radicals formed during auto-oxidation that are alkoxyl (RO), peroxyl (ROO) and alkyl (R) radicals, peroxyl lipid radicals (ROO). This compounds are the major targets for hydrogen-donating antioxidants [38]. The results of inhibition percentages and antioxidant activities of cottonseed oils and peanut oils analyzed are presented in Table 2.
| Oil | City | Parameter | |||
| Range | Average ± SD | ||||
| IH (%) | AO (mg/100 g) | IH (%) | AO (mg/100 g) | ||
| Peanut | OS | 5.96–16.60 | 0.32–0.77 | 10.24 ± 3.91a | 0.50 ± 0.16a |
| BD | 14.89–43.67 | 0.68–1.81 | 25.71 ± 11.19a | 1.12 ± 0.44a | |
| Cottonseed | OP | 3.54–12.90 | 0.20–0.60 | 6.33 ± 2.81b | 0.32 ± 0.12b |
| BD | 2.37–7.71 | 0.11–0.39 | 4.83 ± 1.49c | 0.21 ± 0.10c | |
| Peanut | OS & BD | 5.96–43.67 | 0.32–1.81 | 17.97 ±11.37a | 0.81 ± 0.45a |
| Cottonseed | OP & BD | 2.37–12.90 | 0.11–0.60 | 5.58 ± 2.44a | 0.27 ± 0.12a |
| SD: Standard deviation; OS: Ouagadougou-Saaba; BD: Bobo Dioulasso; OP: Ouagadougou-Pabré; IH: inhibition; AO: Antioxidant activity. Numbers with different letters in the same column and by oil type do not show a significant difference at the 5% threshold. | |||||
DownLoad:
CSV
DPPH has been commonly used for the screening of phenolic compounds with high free radical scavenging capacity [39]. High free radical scavenging capacity is considered to have strong antioxidant activity. The DPPH method has been used as one of the basic screening steps in the search for novel antioxidant compounds in organic solvent extracts from natural resources. This method is specifically designed for the determination of hydrogen-donating antioxidant compounds [38]. The 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method can be used to compare the oxidation stability of edible oils from different sources or process manufactures [38].
Antioxidant activities range from 0.32 to 1.81 mg/100 g trolox equivalent for peanut oils and 0.11 to 0.60 mg/100 g trolox equivalent for cottonseed oils. Overall, the average antioxidants activities are 0.81 and 0.27 mg/100 g trolox equivalent for peanut oils and cottonseed oils, respectively (p < 0.05). As a result, peanut oils were more stable than cottonseed oils. This stability has been proven. Peanut oil is very stable and resists well to cooking, even at high temperatures. The stability of peanut oil is due to the fatty acid composition dominated by monounsaturated fatty acid more than 47% [40] while cottonseed oil is rich in linoleic acid (33–58%). This composition justifies the low stability of cottonseed oils compared to peanut oils.
This study assessed the antioxidant levels and antioxidant activity of vegetable oils produced in Burkina Faso. Refined cottonseed oils have the highest levels of α-tocopherol with an average of 56.44 mg/100 g. Peanut oils have the highest levels of total phenolic compounds with 2.91 mg/100 g of gallic acid equivalent. The inhibition percentage average of peanut oils is 17.97% and the antioxidant activity average is 0.81 mg/100 g. The inhibition percentages and the antioxidant activity values of peanut oils are higher than those of cottonseed oils. Thus, cottonseed oils have the highest vitamin potency while peanut oils have significant antioxidant activity. The oils produced in Burkina Faso are a source of biomolecules, particularly α-tocopherol. Their consumption is nutritionally beneficial for the consumer's health. However, good manufacturing and conservation practices are essential for the preservation of these biomolecules in vegetable oils. Also, it is essential to control the temperature and limit the exposure of the oils to oxygen and light during production and storage. The results could be used for future recommendations about human feeding programs in Burkina Faso.
The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Authors are grateful to the cottonseed oils and peanut oils producers for their collaboration. Also, we express our immeasurable gratitude to all the authors who contributed to the achievement of the objectives of this study. Also, we thank the Laboratory GRAPPE of the High School of Agriculture, Angers, of France, the National Laboratory of Public Health and the Cooperation Service of the French Embassy in Burkina Faso for their support.
| [1] |
S. J. H. Biddle, S. Ciaccioni, G. Thomas, I. Vergeer, Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: an updated review of reviews and an analysis of causality, Psychol. Sport Exercise, 42 (2019), 146-155. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.08.011
|
| [2] | L. P. Dale, L. Vanderloo, S. A. Moore, G. Faulkner, Physical activity and depression, anxiety, and self-esteem in children and youth: an umbrella systematic review, Ment. Health Phys. Act, 16 (2019), 66-79. |
| [3] |
H.Sexton, A. Mære, N. H. Dahl, Exercise intensity and reduction in neurotic symptoms, Acta Psychiatr. Scand., 80 (1989), 231-235. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1989.tb01332.x
|
| [4] | S. J. Petruzzello, D. M. Landers, B. D. Hatfield, K. A. Kubitz, W. Salazar, A meta-analysis on the anxiety-reducing effects of acute and chronic exercise, Outcomes and mechanisms, Sports Med., 11 (1991), 143-182. |
| [5] | M. Downs, L. Strachan, High school sport participation: Does it have an impact on the physical activity self-efficacy of adolescent males?, Int. J. Hum. Mov. Sports Sci., 4 (2016), 6-11. |
| [6] |
K. V. Petrides, A. Furnham, Trait emotional intelligence: behavioural validation in two studies of emotion recognition and reactivity to mood induction, Europ. J. Pers., 17 (2003), 39-57. doi: 10.1002/per.466
|
| [7] | S. J. Petruzzello, D. M. Landers, B. D. Hatfield, K. A. Kubitz, W. Salazar, A meta-analysis on the anxiety-reducing effects of acute and chronic exercise outcomes and mechanisms, Sports Med., 11 (2003), 143-182. |
| [8] | A. McInman, B. G. Berger, Self-concept and mood changes associated with aerobic dance, Aust. J. Psychol., 45 (1993) 134-140. |
| [9] | L. Larun, L. V. Nordheim, E. Ekeland, K. B. Hagen, F. Heian, Exercise in prevention and treatment of anxiety and depression among children and young people, Cochr. Database Syst. Rev., 3 (2006), CD004691. |
| [10] |
K. J. Calfas, W. C. Taylor, Effects of physical activity on psychological variables in adolescents, Pediat. Exercise Sci., 6 (1994), 406-423. doi: 10.1123/pes.6.4.406
|
| [11] | L. L. Craft, D. M. Landers, The effect of exercise on clinical depression and depression resulting from mental illness: a meta-analysis, J. Sport Exercise Psychiatry, 20 (1998), 339-357. |
| [12] | T. C. North, P. McCullagh, Z. V. Tran, Effect of exercise on depression, Exercise Sport Sci. Rev., 18 (1990), 379-415. |
| [13] | R. C. Kessler, S. Avenevoli, E. J. Costello, K. Georgiades, J. G. Green, M. J. Gruber, et al., Prevalence, persistence, and sociodemographic correlates of DSM‐IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication Adolescent Supplement, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 69 (2012), 372-380. |
| [14] | J. H. Price, J. Khubchandani, M. McKinney, R. Braun, Racial/ethnic disparities in chronic diseases of youths and access to health care in the United States, Biomed. Res. Int., 2013. |
| [15] | R. W. Motl, A. S. Birnbaum, M. Y. Kubik, R. K. Dishman, Naturally occurring changes in physical activity are inversely related to depressive symptoms during early adolescence, Psychosom. Med., 66 (2004), 336-342. |
| [16] |
D. J. Crews, M. R. Lochbaum, D. M. Landers, Aerobic physical effects on psychological well-beings in low-income hispanic children, Percept. Mot. Skills, 98 (2004), 319-324. doi: 10.2466/pms.98.1.319-324
|
| [17] | D. G. McDonald, J. A. Hodgdon, Psychological effects of aerobic fitness training, Springer-Verlag, London, 1991. |
| [18] | S. J. Petruzzello, D. M. Landers, B. D. Hatfield, K. A. Kubitz, W. Salazar, A meta-analysis on the anxiety-reducing effects of acute and chronic exercise, Outcomes Mechan. Sports Med., 11 (1991), 143-182. |
| [19] | A. Taylor, Physical activity stress and anxiety: A review. In: Biddle SJH, Fox KR, Boutcher SH (eds) Physical activity and psychological well-being, Routledge, London, 2003. |
| [20] | S. Biddle, N. Cavill, J. Sallis, Young and Active? Young people and health-enhancing physical activity - evidence and in publications, Health Education Authority, London, 1998. |
| [21] |
W. B. Strong, R. M. Malina, C. J. Blinkie, Evidence based physical activity for school age youth, J. Pediatr., 146 (2005), 732-737. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2005.01.055
|
| [22] |
A. Bandura, Perceived self-efficacy in the exercise of personal agency, J. Appl. Sport Psychol., 2 (1990), 128-163. doi: 10.1080/10413209008406426
|
| [23] |
K. K. L. Wong, S. C. P. Cheung, W. Yang J. Y. Tu, Numerical simulation and experimental validation of swirling flow in spiral vortex ventricular assist device, Int. J. Artif. Organs, 33 (2010), 856-867. doi: 10.1177/039139881003301204
|
| [24] | W. J. Wang, K. K. L. Wong, J. Zhou, M. Zhu, B. Marjadi, B. McHutchison, et al., Correlations of the severity of dyspepsia symptoms with electrogastrography, quality of life and psychological distress: a nested cross-sectional study of functional dyspepsia patients, Gastroenterology, 150 (2016), S353-S354. |
| [25] | M. Downs, L. Strachan, High school sport participation: Does it have an impact on the physical activity self-efficacy of adolescent males?, Int. J. Hum. Mov. Sports Sci., 4 (2016), 6-11. |
| [26] |
S. A. Robinson, S. L. Shimada, K. S. Quigley, M. L. Moy, A web-based physical activity intervention benefits persons with low self-efficacy in COPD: results from a randomized controlled trial, J. Behav. Med., 42 (2019), 1082-1090. doi: 10.1007/s10865-019-00042-3
|
| [27] | Y. Yang, X. Liu, Y. Xia, X. Liu, W. Wu, H. Xiong, et al., Impact of spatial characteristics in the left stenotic coronary artery on the hemodynamics and visualization of 3D replica models, Sci. Rep., 7 (2017), 15452. |
| [28] | D. B. Kenyon, M. Y. Kubik, C. Davey, J. Sirard, J. A. Fulkerson, Alternative high school students' physical activity: Role of self-efficacy, Am. J. Health Behav., 36 (2012), 300-310. |
| [29] | J. Ni, J. Wu, H. Wang, J. Tong, Z. Chen, K. K. L. Wong, et al., Global channel attention networks for intracranial vessel segmentation, Comput. Biol. Med., (2020), 103639. |
| [30] |
E. Sloan, K. Hall, G. J. Youssef, R. Moulding, H. Mildred, P. K. Staiger, Profiles of emotion regulation in young people accessing youth mental health and drug treatment, Cognit. Ther. Res., 43 (2019), 769-780. doi: 10.1007/s10608-019-10003-4
|
| [31] |
O. R. Lightsey, D. A. Maxwell, T. M. Nash, E. B. Rarey, V. A. Mckinney, Self-control and self-efficacy for affect regulation as moderators of the negative affect-life satisfaction relationship, J. Cognit. Psychotherapy, 25 (2011), 142-154. doi: 10.1891/0889-8391.25.2.142
|
| [32] | D. L. Feltz, C. D. Lirgg, Self-efficacy beliefs of athletes, teams, and coaches. In R. N. Singer, H. A. Hausenblas, & C. M. Janelle (Eds.), Handbook of sport psychology, John Wiley, New York, 2001. |
| [33] | Z. Y. Wu, Z. X. Mao, L. Guo, Development of psychological decision-making model of exercise adherence: the value added contribution of positive affective experience, J. Tianjin Inst. Phys. Educ., 31 (2016), 77-81. |
| [34] | S. P. Chen, S. Z. Li, Z. L. Yan, Research on mechanism of exercise persistence based on sport commitment theory, China Sport Sci., 26 (2006), 48-55. |
| [35] |
G. V. Caprara, L. D. Giunta, N. Eisenberg, M. Gerbino, C. Pastorelli, C. Tramontano, Assessing regulatory emotional self-efficacy in three countries, Psychol. Assessm., 20 (2008), 227-237. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.20.3.227
|
| [36] | L. R. Derogatis, H. Yevzeroff, B. Wittelsberger, Social class, psychological disorder and the nature of the psychopathologic indicator, J. Consult. Clin. Psychol., 43 (1975), 183-191. |
| [37] | J. Kopcakova, Z. Veselska, A. Geckova, Is being a boy and feeling fat a barrier for physical activity? The association between body image, gender and physical activity among adolescents, Int. J. Environ. Res. Pub. Health, 11 (2014), 11167-11176. |
| [38] |
D. K. Wilson, J. Williams, A. Evans, G. Mixon, C. Rheaume, Brief report: a qualitative study of gender preferences and motivational factors for physical activity in underserved adolescents, J. Pediatr. Psychol., 30 (2005), 293-297. doi: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsi039
|
| [39] | K. K. L. Wong, D. N. Ghista, G. Fortino, Cardiovascular physiology and medical assessments: physics and engineering perspectives, Front. Phys. Section Med. Phys. Imaging, 17 (2020), 7772-7786. |
| [40] | M. Lauderdale, S. Yli-Piipari, C. Irwin, T. Layne, Gender differences regarding motivation for physical activity among college students: a self-determination approach, Phys. Educ., 72 (2015), 153-172. |
| [41] |
O. R. Lightsey, D. A. Maxwell, T. M. Nash, E. B. Rarey, V. A. Mckinney, Self-control and self-efficacy for affect regulation as moderators of the negative affect-life satisfaction relationship, J. Cognit. Psychotherapy, 25 (2011), 142-154. doi: 10.1891/0889-8391.25.2.142
|
| [42] | M. Downs, L. Strachan, High school sport participation: does it have an impact on the physical activity self-efficacy of adolescent males?, Int. J. Hum. Mov. Sports Sci., 4 (2016), 6-11. |
| [43] |
R. K. Dishman, R. W. Motl, J. F. Sallis, Self-management strategies mediate self-efficacy and physical activity, Am. J. Prev. Med., 29 (2005), 10-18. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2005.03.012
|
| [44] |
M. Mikolajczak, K. V. Petrides, J. Hurry, Adolescents choosing self-harm as an emotion regulation strategy: The protective role of trait emotional intelligence, Br. J. Clin. Psychol., 48 (2009), 181-193. doi: 10.1348/014466508X386027
|
| [45] | S. L. Koole, K. Rothermund, "I feel better but I don't know why" The psychology of implicit emotion regulation, Cognit. Emot., 265 (2011), 389-399. |
| 1. | Manoj Kumar, Baohong Zhang, Jayashree Potkule, Kanika Sharma, Christophe Hano, Vijay Sheri, Deepak Chandran, Sangram Dhumal, Abhijit Dey, Nadeem Rais, Marisennayya Senapathy, Suman Natta, Sabareeshwari Viswanathan, Pran Mohankumar, José M. Lorenzo, Cottonseed Oil: Extraction, Characterization, Health Benefits, Safety Profile, and Application, 2023, 16, 1936-9751, 266, 10.1007/s12161-022-02410-3 | |
| 2. | Tindy Rahmadi Putri, Elsan Febiyanti, Vita Paramita, Mohamad Endy Yulianto, Hidefumi Yoshii, Hermawan Dwi Ariyanto, Combined effects of peanut oil and glycerol on whey protein-based edible film in extending fresh chicken meat shelf life, 2024, 31, 2231-7546, 443, 10.47836/ifrj.31.2.15 | |
| 3. | Vincent Ninkuu, Zhixin Liu, Yaping Zhou, Xuwu Sun, The nutritional and industrial significance of cottonseeds and genetic techniques in gossypol detoxification, 2024, 6, 2572-2611, 271, 10.1002/ppp3.10433 | |
| 4. | Hanène Djeghim, Djamila Benouchenne, El Hassen Mokrani, Huda Alsaeedi, David Cornu, Mikhael Bechelany, Ahmed Barhoum, Antioxidant, Anti-Alzheimer’s, anticancer, and cytotoxic properties of peanut oil: in vitro, in silico, and GC-MS analysis, 2024, 12, 2296-2646, 10.3389/fchem.2024.1487084 | |
| 5. | Roger Gallon, Crisleine P. Draszewski, Suelly Hollas, Madison W. S. Cordeiro, Ronaldo Hoffmann, Luis F. Barth, Luana da Rosa, Aline F Ouriques, Rafael C. Beltrame, Roger Wagner, Fernanda Castilhos, Ederson R. Abaide, Flávio D. Mayer, Semi-Continuous Microwave-Assisted Oil Extraction and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Butia Odorata Seeds: Efficient Recovery of Oil and Fermentable Sugars in a Sequential Method, 2024, 1877-2641, 10.1007/s12649-024-02839-z |
Figures(3) / Tables(3)
Zhenghong Xu, Juan Du. A mental health informatics study on the mediating effect of the regulatory emotional self-efficacy[J]. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 2021, 18(3): 2775-2788. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2021141
| Oil | City | Parameter | |||
| Range | Average ± SD | ||||
| α–T (mg/100 g) | CPT (mg/100 g) | α-T (mg/100 g) | CPT (mg/100 g) | ||
| Peanut | OS | 4.79–14.18 | 0.94–2.08 | 9.25 ± 3.20a | 1.51 ± 0.40a |
| BD | 10.54–16.49 | 2.10–7.36 | 12.53 ± 1.89a | 4.31 ± 1.94a | |
| Cottonseed | OP | 42.38–62.62 | 0.43–1.27 | 52.12 ± 8.72b | 0.69 ± 0.26b |
| BD | 50.10–68.63 | 0.42–0.70 | 60.76 ± 7.30c | 0.58 ± 0.11c | |
| Peanut | OS & BD | 4.79–16.49 | 0.94–1.36 | 10.89 ± 3.05a | 2.91 ± 1.98a |
| Cottonseed | OP & BD | 42.38–68.63 | 0.42–1.27 | 56.44 ± 8.96a | 0.64 ± 0.20a |
| SD: Standard deviation; OS: Ouagadougou-Saaba; BD: Bobo Dioulasso; OP: Ouagadougou-Pabré; α-T: α-tocopherol; CPT: Total phenolic compounds. Numbers with different letters in the same column and by oil type do not show a significant difference at the 5% threshold. | |||||
DownLoad:
CSV
| Oil | City | Parameter | |||
| Range | Average ± SD | ||||
| IH (%) | AO (mg/100 g) | IH (%) | AO (mg/100 g) | ||
| Peanut | OS | 5.96–16.60 | 0.32–0.77 | 10.24 ± 3.91a | 0.50 ± 0.16a |
| BD | 14.89–43.67 | 0.68–1.81 | 25.71 ± 11.19a | 1.12 ± 0.44a | |
| Cottonseed | OP | 3.54–12.90 | 0.20–0.60 | 6.33 ± 2.81b | 0.32 ± 0.12b |
| BD | 2.37–7.71 | 0.11–0.39 | 4.83 ± 1.49c | 0.21 ± 0.10c | |
| Peanut | OS & BD | 5.96–43.67 | 0.32–1.81 | 17.97 ±11.37a | 0.81 ± 0.45a |
| Cottonseed | OP & BD | 2.37–12.90 | 0.11–0.60 | 5.58 ± 2.44a | 0.27 ± 0.12a |
| SD: Standard deviation; OS: Ouagadougou-Saaba; BD: Bobo Dioulasso; OP: Ouagadougou-Pabré; IH: inhibition; AO: Antioxidant activity. Numbers with different letters in the same column and by oil type do not show a significant difference at the 5% threshold. | |||||
DownLoad:
CSV
| Oil | City | Parameter | |||
| Range | Average ± SD | ||||
| α–T (mg/100 g) | CPT (mg/100 g) | α-T (mg/100 g) | CPT (mg/100 g) | ||
| Peanut | OS | 4.79–14.18 | 0.94–2.08 | 9.25 ± 3.20a | 1.51 ± 0.40a |
| BD | 10.54–16.49 | 2.10–7.36 | 12.53 ± 1.89a | 4.31 ± 1.94a | |
| Cottonseed | OP | 42.38–62.62 | 0.43–1.27 | 52.12 ± 8.72b | 0.69 ± 0.26b |
| BD | 50.10–68.63 | 0.42–0.70 | 60.76 ± 7.30c | 0.58 ± 0.11c | |
| Peanut | OS & BD | 4.79–16.49 | 0.94–1.36 | 10.89 ± 3.05a | 2.91 ± 1.98a |
| Cottonseed | OP & BD | 42.38–68.63 | 0.42–1.27 | 56.44 ± 8.96a | 0.64 ± 0.20a |
| SD: Standard deviation; OS: Ouagadougou-Saaba; BD: Bobo Dioulasso; OP: Ouagadougou-Pabré; α-T: α-tocopherol; CPT: Total phenolic compounds. Numbers with different letters in the same column and by oil type do not show a significant difference at the 5% threshold. | |||||
| Oil | City | Parameter | |||
| Range | Average ± SD | ||||
| IH (%) | AO (mg/100 g) | IH (%) | AO (mg/100 g) | ||
| Peanut | OS | 5.96–16.60 | 0.32–0.77 | 10.24 ± 3.91a | 0.50 ± 0.16a |
| BD | 14.89–43.67 | 0.68–1.81 | 25.71 ± 11.19a | 1.12 ± 0.44a | |
| Cottonseed | OP | 3.54–12.90 | 0.20–0.60 | 6.33 ± 2.81b | 0.32 ± 0.12b |
| BD | 2.37–7.71 | 0.11–0.39 | 4.83 ± 1.49c | 0.21 ± 0.10c | |
| Peanut | OS & BD | 5.96–43.67 | 0.32–1.81 | 17.97 ±11.37a | 0.81 ± 0.45a |
| Cottonseed | OP & BD | 2.37–12.90 | 0.11–0.60 | 5.58 ± 2.44a | 0.27 ± 0.12a |
| SD: Standard deviation; OS: Ouagadougou-Saaba; BD: Bobo Dioulasso; OP: Ouagadougou-Pabré; IH: inhibition; AO: Antioxidant activity. Numbers with different letters in the same column and by oil type do not show a significant difference at the 5% threshold. | |||||
