The uses of essential oils in food and traditional medicine have attracted researchers worldwide for applications in the food, agriculture, cosmetics, and health industries. Among the sources of essential oils, the Alpinia genus produces galangal essential oils with great potential for use in many applications. This genus has been used for a long time in traditional medicine in some countries along with for food flavouring and spices. These essential oils from many plant organs of this genus contain several bioactive compounds with the typical phytochemical is 1,8-cineole or eucalyptol. Scientifically, the bioactivity of galangal essential oils has been proven. Some efforts have been conducted efficiently to extract the galangal essential oil, including using novel technologies-This article aims to review the Alpinia species bearing essential oils and their traditional uses, phytochemicals of galangal essential oils and their bioactivity, the methods of extraction, phytochemical profiles, stabilization, uses, and potential applications of these essential oils. This review also compares the bioactivity of galangal essential oils and their traditional uses and potential applications. The results of this review show that Alpinia species has a long history to use as traditional medicines in many countries. There is a closely correlation between traditional uses of galangal with the scientifically proven of health benefits. The studies on galangal essential oil bioactivity have deeply explored the capability as antioxidants, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-antiparasitic activities and cardiovascular impairment. The uses of galangal essential oils are correlated with their bioactivity. Galangal essential phytochemicals is characterized by the presence of 1,8-cineole. The 1,8-cineole is found in the parts of this plant organ with its concentration varies depending on the galangal species. Some studies indicates that the novel technologies produce higher yield than conventional method for essential oil extraction. The application of galangal essential oil has the constraint of high hydrophobicity, resulting in a poor solubility in the aqueous phase. Various techniques of emulsification are used to improve the its water miscibility. Galangal essential oils are potential to use in many sectors such as agriculture, food, pharmaceutical and personal care industries. The appropriate extraction method is still a challenge mainly to improve the yield along with preserving the bioactive compounds. Another challenge is exploring other Alpinia species, proof their health benefits, and exploring their potential uses in many sectors.
Citation: R. Amilia Destryana, Teti Estiasih, Sukardi, Dodyk Pranowo. The potential uses of Galangal (Alpinia sp.) essential oils as the sources of biologically active compounds[J]. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2024, 9(4): 1064-1109. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2024057
The uses of essential oils in food and traditional medicine have attracted researchers worldwide for applications in the food, agriculture, cosmetics, and health industries. Among the sources of essential oils, the Alpinia genus produces galangal essential oils with great potential for use in many applications. This genus has been used for a long time in traditional medicine in some countries along with for food flavouring and spices. These essential oils from many plant organs of this genus contain several bioactive compounds with the typical phytochemical is 1,8-cineole or eucalyptol. Scientifically, the bioactivity of galangal essential oils has been proven. Some efforts have been conducted efficiently to extract the galangal essential oil, including using novel technologies-This article aims to review the Alpinia species bearing essential oils and their traditional uses, phytochemicals of galangal essential oils and their bioactivity, the methods of extraction, phytochemical profiles, stabilization, uses, and potential applications of these essential oils. This review also compares the bioactivity of galangal essential oils and their traditional uses and potential applications. The results of this review show that Alpinia species has a long history to use as traditional medicines in many countries. There is a closely correlation between traditional uses of galangal with the scientifically proven of health benefits. The studies on galangal essential oil bioactivity have deeply explored the capability as antioxidants, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-antiparasitic activities and cardiovascular impairment. The uses of galangal essential oils are correlated with their bioactivity. Galangal essential phytochemicals is characterized by the presence of 1,8-cineole. The 1,8-cineole is found in the parts of this plant organ with its concentration varies depending on the galangal species. Some studies indicates that the novel technologies produce higher yield than conventional method for essential oil extraction. The application of galangal essential oil has the constraint of high hydrophobicity, resulting in a poor solubility in the aqueous phase. Various techniques of emulsification are used to improve the its water miscibility. Galangal essential oils are potential to use in many sectors such as agriculture, food, pharmaceutical and personal care industries. The appropriate extraction method is still a challenge mainly to improve the yield along with preserving the bioactive compounds. Another challenge is exploring other Alpinia species, proof their health benefits, and exploring their potential uses in many sectors.
[1] | Zhang WJ, Luo JG, Kong LY (2016) The genus Alpinia: A review of its phytochemistry and pharmacology. World J Tradit Chinese Med 2: 26–41. https://doi.org/10.15806/j.issn.2311-8571.2015.0026 doi: 10.15806/j.issn.2311-8571.2015.0026 |
[2] | Abubakar IB, Malami I, Yahaya Y, et al. (2018) A review on the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Alpinia officinarum Hance. J Ethnopharmacol 224: 45–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.027 doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.05.027 |
[3] | Ravindran PN, Pillai GS, Balachandran I (2012) 15-Galangal. In: Peter KV (Ed.), Handbook of herbs and spices, 2nd ed., Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing, 303–318. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857095688.303 |
[4] | Ghosh S, Rangan L (2013) Alpinia: The gold mine of future therapeutics. 3 Biotech 3: 173–185. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-012-0089-x doi: 10.1007/s13205-012-0089-x |
[5] | Criley RA (2014) Alpinia to Zingiber–zingiberales in commercial floriculture. XXIX International Horticultural Congress on Horticulture: Sustaining Lives, Livelihoods and Landscapes (IHC2014): 1104, 435–454. https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2015.1104.64 |
[6] | Eram S, Mujahid M, Bagga P, et al. (2019) A review on phytopharmacological activity of Alpinia galanga. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 11: 6–11. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2019v11i3.31352 doi: 10.22159/ijpps.2019v11i3.31352 |
[7] | Kazeminia M, Mehrabi A, Mahmoudi R (2022) Chemical composition, biological activities, and nutritional application of Asteraceae family herbs: A systematic review. Trends Phytochem Res 6: 187–213. |
[8] | Olaoluwa O, Taiwo O, Nahar L, et al. (2022) Ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and biological activities of selected African species of the genus Ficus. Trends Phytochem Res 6: 46–69. |
[9] | Basri AM, Taha H, Ahmad N (2017) A review on the pharmacological activities and phytochemicals of Alpinia officinarum (galangal) extracts derived from bioassay-guided fractionation and isolation. Pharmacogn Rev 11: 43. https://doi.org/10.4103/phrev.phrev_55_16 doi: 10.4103/phrev.phrev_55_16 |
[10] | Suja S, Chinnaswamy P (2008) Inhibition of in vitro cytotoxic effect evoked by Alpinia galanga and Alpinia officinarum on PC - 3 cell line. Anc Sci Life 27: 33–40. |
[11] | da Cunha GH, de Moraes MO, Fechine FV, et al. (2013) Vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects of methanolic fraction of the essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet. Vascul Pharmacol 58: 337–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vph.2013.04.001 doi: 10.1016/j.vph.2013.04.001 |
[12] | Ramanunny AK, Wadhwa S, Gulati M, et al. (2022) Journey of Alpinia galanga from kitchen spice to nutraceutical to folk medicine to nanomedicine. J Ethnopharmacol 291: 115144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115144 doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115144 |
[13] | Bitari A, Oualdi I, Touzani R, et al. (2023) Alpinia officinarum Hance: A mini review. Mater Today Proc 72: 3869–3874. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.10.080 doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.10.080 |
[14] | Ibrahim H, Aziz AN, Syamsir DR, et al. (2009) Essential oils of Alpinia conchigera Griff. and their antimicrobial activities. Food Chem 113: 575–577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.08.033 doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.08.033 |
[15] | Khumpirapang N, Suknuntha K, Anuchapreeda S, et al. (2021) Binding effects of Alpinia galanga oil and its nanoemulsion 1 to GABAA receptors in rat cortical membranes. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-816924/v1 |
[16] | Cavalcanti BC, Ferreira JRO, Cabral IO, et al. (2012) Genetic toxicology evaluation of essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet and its chemoprotective effects against H2O2-induced DNA damage in cultured human leukocytes. Food Chem Toxicol 50: 4051–4061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.03.038 doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.03.038 |
[17] | Sahoo S, Singh S, Sahoo A, et al. (2020) Molecular and phytochemical stability of long term micropropagated greater galanga (Alpinia galanga) revealed suitable for industrial applications. Ind Crops Prod 148: 112274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112274 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112274 |
[18] | Xin M, Guo S, Zhang W, et al. (2017) Chemical constituents of supercritical extracts from Alpinia officinarum and the feeding deterrent activity against Tribolium castaneum. Molecules 22: 647. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22040647 doi: 10.3390/molecules22040647 |
[19] | Zhang L, Liang X, Ou Z, et al. (2020) Screening of chemical composition, anti-arthritis, antitumor and antioxidant capacities of essential oils from four Zingiberaceae herbs. Ind Crops Prod 149: 112342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112342 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112342 |
[20] | Zhang L, Pan C, Ou Z, et al. (2020) Chemical profiling and bioactivity of essential oils from Alpinia officinarum Hance from ten localities in China. Ind Crops Prod 153: 112583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112583 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112583 |
[21] | de Lira CS, Pontual EV, de Albuquerque LP, et al. (2015) Evaluation of the toxicity of essential oil from Alpinia purpurata inflorescences to Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevil). Crop Prot 71: 95–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2015.02.004 doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2015.02.004 |
[22] | Santos GKN, Dutra KA, Barros RA, et al. (2012) Essential oils from Alpinia purpurata (Zingiberaceae): Chemical composition, oviposition deterrence, larvicidal and antibacterial activity. Ind Crops Prod 40: 254–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.03.020 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.03.020 |
[23] | Pereira PS, Maia AJ, Duarte AE, et al. (2018) Cytotoxic and anti-kinetoplastid potential of the essential oil of Alpinia speciosa K. Schum. Food Chem Toxicol 119: 387–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.024 doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.024 |
[24] | Santos BA, Roman-Campos D, Carvalho MS, et al. (2011) Cardiodepressive effect elicited by the essential oil of Alpinia speciosa is related to L-type Ca2+ current blockade. Phytomedicine 18: 539–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2010.10.015 doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.10.015 |
[25] | da Cruz JD, Mpalantinos MA, Ramos A de S, et al. (2020) Chemical standardization, antioxidant activity and phenolic contents of cultivated Alpinia zerumbet preparations. Ind Crops Prod 151: 112495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112495 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112495 |
[26] | Sethunga M, Ranaweera K, Gunathilake K, et al. (2022) Recent advances in the extraction methods of essential oils and oleoresins from plant materials and its potential applications: A comprehensive review. J Food Bioprocess Eng 5: 151–167. |
[27] | Dhifi W, Bellili S, Jazi S, et al. (2016) Essential oils' chemical characterization and investigation of some biological activities: A critical review. Medicines 3: 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicines3040025 doi: 10.3390/medicines3040025 |
[28] | Olalere OA, Gan CY, Taiwo AE, et al. (2024) Essential oils: Sustainable extraction techniques and nutraceuticals perspectives. In: Sarkar T, Pati S (Eds.), Bioactive Extraction and Application in Food and Nutraceutical Industries, Springer, 373–389. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-3601-5_15 |
[29] | Van HT, Thang TD, Luu TN, et al. (2021) An overview of the chemical composition and biological activities of essential oils from: Alpinia genus (Zingiberaceae). RSC Adv 11: 37767–37783. https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA07370B doi: 10.1039/D1RA07370B |
[30] | Zhou C, Abdel-Samie MA, Li C, et al. (2020) Active packaging based on swim bladder gelatin/galangal root oil nanofibers: Preparation, properties and antibacterial application. Food Packag Shelf Life 26: 100586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100586 doi: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2020.100586 |
[31] | Aziman N, Abdullah N, Noor ZM, et al. (2014) Phytochemical profiles and antimicrobial activity of aromatic Malaysian herb extracts against food-borne pathogenic and food spoilage microorganisms. J Food Sci 79: M583–M592. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12419 doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.12419 |
[32] | Das G, Patra JK, Gonçalves S, et al. (2020) Galangal, the multipotent super spices: A comprehensive review. Trends Food Sci Technol 101: 50–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2020.04.032 doi: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.04.032 |
[33] | Kress WJ, Liu AZ, Newman M, et al. (2005) The molecular phylogeny of Alpinia (Zingiberaceae): A complex and polyphyletic genus of gingers. Am J Bot 92: 167–178. https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.92.1.167 doi: 10.3732/ajb.92.1.167 |
[34] | Victório CP (2011) Therapeutic value of the genus Alpinia, Zingiberaceae. Rev Bras Farmacogn 21: 194–201. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-695X2011005000025 doi: 10.1590/S0102-695X2011005000025 |
[35] | Palanirajan A, Kannappan P, Kanniappan GV (2022) Anticancer activity of Alpinia purpurata (Vieill) K. Schum. against MNU and testosterone induced prostate cancer in male Wistar albino rats. Pharmacol Res-Mod Chinese Med 3: 100105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prmcm.2022.100105 doi: 10.1016/j.prmcm.2022.100105 |
[36] | Liang W, Ge X, Lin Q, et al. (2024) Assembly mechanism of glycosylated soybean protein isolate-chitosan nanocomposite particles and its Pickering emulsion construction for stabilization of Alpinia galanga essential oil: A mechanistic investigation. Ind Crops Prod 217: 118869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.118869 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2024.118869 |
[37] | Liu P, Wu SL, Wang T, et al. (2023) Four new phenolic compounds from the fruits of Alpinia galanga. Phytochem Lett 55: 75–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2023.04.001 doi: 10.1016/j.phytol.2023.04.001 |
[38] | Ding P, Yang L, Feng C, et al. (2019) Research and application of Alpinia officinarum in medicinal field. Chinese Herb Med 11: 132–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2019.04.003 doi: 10.1016/j.chmed.2019.04.003 |
[39] | Rahman MA, Rahman MM, Ahmed N (2012) Essential oil of Alpinia calcarata Rosc. Rhizome: Heals inflammation and nociception in animal models. J Biol Act Prod Nat 2: 365–376. https://doi.org/10.1080/22311866.2012.10719145 doi: 10.1080/22311866.2012.10719145 |
[40] | Perveen R, Islam F, Khanum J, et al. (2012) Preventive effect of ethanol extract of Alpinia calcarata Rosc on Ehrlich's ascitic carcinoma cell induced malignant ascites in mice. Asian Pac J Trop Med 5: 121–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(12)60009-1 doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(12)60009-1 |
[41] | Hema PS, Nair MS (2009) Flavonoids and other constituents from the rhizomes of Alpinia calcarata. Biochem Syst Ecol 37: 52–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bse.2009.01.001 doi: 10.1016/j.bse.2009.01.001 |
[42] | Ramya R, Kalaiselvi M, Narmadha R, et al. (2015) Secondary metabolite credentials and in vitro free radical scavenging activity of Alpinia calcarata. J Acute Med 5: 33–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacme.2015.02.005 doi: 10.1016/j.jacme.2015.02.005 |
[43] | Erusappan T, Paramasivam S, Ekambaram SP (2022) Identification of galangin as the bioactive compound from Alpinia calcarata (Haw.) Roscoe rhizomes to inhibit IRAK-1/MAPK/NF-κB p65 and JAK-1 signaling in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. J Ethnopharmacol 288: 114975. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.114975 doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.114975 |
[44] | Wu Y, Zhang WJ, Huang DY, et al. (2015) Chemical compositions and insecticidal activities of Alpinia kwangsiensis essential oil against Lasioderma serricorne. Molecules 20: 21939–21945. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules201219818 doi: 10.3390/molecules201219818 |
[45] | Wang S, Xiang J, Zhang G, et al. (2024) Essential oil from Fructus Alpinia zerumbet ameliorates atherosclerosis by activating PPARγ-LXRα-ABCA1/G1 signaling pathway. Phytomedicine 123: 155227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155227 doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155227 |
[46] | Chan EWC, Wong SK (2015) Phytochemistry and pharmacology of ornamental gingers, Hedychium coronarium and Alpinia purpurata: A review. J Integr Med 13: 368–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-4964(15)60208-4 doi: 10.1016/S2095-4964(15)60208-4 |
[47] | Raj CA, Ragavendran P, Sophia D, et al. (2012) Evaluation of in vitro antioxidant and anticancer activity of Alpinia purpurata. Chin J Nat Med 10: 263–268. https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.1009.2012.00263 doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1009.2012.00263 |
[48] | He ZH, Ge W, Yue GGL, et al. (2010) Anti-angiogenic effects of the fruit of Alpinia oxyphylla. J Ethnopharmacol 132: 443–449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.024 doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.08.024 |
[49] | Yu SH, Kim HJ, Jeon SY, et al. (2020) Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel extracts in animal models. J Ethnopharmacol 260: 112985. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.112985 doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112985 |
[50] | Xie J, Sun B, Wang S, et al. (2009) Isolation and purification of nootkatone from the essential oil of fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla Miquel by high-speed counter-current chromatography. Food Chem 117: 375–380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.04.011 doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.04.011 |
[51] | Cheng CY, Chiang S, Kao ST, et al. (2021) Alpinia oxyphylla Miq extract reduces cerebral infarction by downregulating JNK-mediated TLR4/T3JAM-and ASK1-related inflammatory signaling in the acute phase of transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Chin Med 16: 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-021-00495-2 doi: 10.1186/s13020-021-00495-2 |
[52] | Qi Y, Cheng X, Jing H, et al. (2019) Effect of Alpinia oxyphylla—Schisandra chinensis herb pair on inflammation and apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease mice model. J Ethnopharmacol 237: 28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.029 doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.029 |
[53] | Dong J, Zhou M, Qin Q, et al. (2023) Structurally diverse new eudesmane sesquiterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activity from the fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla. Bioorg Chem 134: 106431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106431 doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106431 |
[54] | Wang M, Bi W, Fan K, et al. (2018) Ameliorating effect of Alpinia oxyphylla—Schisandra chinensis herb pair on cognitive impairment in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Biomed Pharmacother 97: 128–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.088 doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.088 |
[55] | Tie Y, Sun Z, Tong X, et al. (2024) Multi-omic analysis revealed the therapeutic mechanisms of Alpinia oxyphylla fructus water extract against bladder overactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Phytomedicine 123: 155154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155154 doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155154 |
[56] | Qiu C, Mu L, Wang J, et al. (2023) Sesquiterpenoids from the fruits of Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. and their neuroprotective effect. Phytochemistry 211: 113680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113680 doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113680 |
[57] | Deng J, He B, He D, et al. (2016) A potential biopreservative: Chemical composition, antibacterial and hemolytic activities of leaves essential oil from Alpinia guinanensis. Ind Crops Prod 94: 281–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.09.004 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.09.004 |
[58] | Roy B, Swargiary A, Giri BR (2012) Alpinia nigra (Family Zingiberaceae): An anthelmintic medicinal plant of north-east India. Adv Life Sci 2: 39–51. https://doi.org/10.5923/j.als.20120203.01 doi: 10.5923/j.als.20120203.01 |
[59] | Ghosh S (2014) Chemical composition and bioactivity studies of Alpinia nigra essential oils. Ind Crops Prod 53: 111–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.12.026 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.12.026 |
[60] | Chen Z, He B, Zhou J, et al. (2016) Chemical compositions and antibacterial activities of essential oils extracted from Alpinia guilinensis against selected foodborne pathogens. Ind Crops Prod 83: 607–613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.12.063 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.12.063 |
[61] | Li QM, Luo JG, Wang XB, et al. (2013) Sesquiterpenes from the rhizomes of Alpinia japonica and their inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production. Fitoterapia 86: 29–34.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.015 doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.01.015 |
[62] | Wang CY, Song ZM, He CL, et al. (2017) A constituent of Alpinia katsumadai suppresses allergic airway inflammation. Phytochem Lett 22: 149–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytol.2017.09.009 doi: 10.1016/j.phytol.2017.09.009 |
[63] | Pogačar MŠ, Klančnik A, Bucar F, et al. (2015) Alpinia katsumadai extracts inhibit adhesion and invasion of Campylobacter jejuni in animal and human foetal small intestine cell lines. Phyther Res 29: 1585–1589. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.5396 doi: 10.1002/ptr.5396 |
[64] | Mahawer S, Kumar R, Prakash O, et al. (2023) A review of phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Alpinia malaccensis (Burm. F.) Roscoe.(Zingiberaceae). Curr Top Med Chem 23: 1964–1972. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568026623666230522104104 doi: 10.2174/1568026623666230522104104 |
[65] | Hong Y, Liu X, Wang H, et al. (2022) Chemical composition, anticancer activities and related mechanisms of the essential oil from Alpinia coriandriodora rhizome. Ind Crops Prod 176: 114328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114328 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.114328 |
[66] | Wu Y, Zhang WJ, Huang DY, et al. (2015) Chemical Compositions and Insecticidal Activities of Alpinia kwangsiensis Essential Oil against Lasioderma serricorne. Molecules 20: 21939–21945. |
[67] | Jantan I, Ahmad F, Ahmad AS (2004) Constituents of the rhizome and seed oils of greater galangal Alpinia galangal (L.) Willd. from Malaysia. J Essent Oil Res 16: 174–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2004.9698687 doi: 10.1080/10412905.2004.9698687 |
[68] | Raina AP, Verma SK, Abraham Z (2014) Volatile constituents of essential oils isolated from Alpinia galanga Willd. (L.) and A. officinarum Hance rhizomes from North East India. J Essent Oil Res 26: 24–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2013.822430 doi: 10.1080/10412905.2013.822430 |
[69] | Nampoothiri SV, Menon AN, Esakkidurai T, et al. (2016) Essential oil composition of Alpinia calcarata and Alpinia galanga rhizomes-a comparative study. J Essent Oil Bear Plants 19: 82–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2015.1126534 doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2015.1126534 |
[70] | Khumpirapang N, Pikulkaew S, Anuchapreeda S, et al. (2018) Alpinia galanga oil—A new natural source of fish anaesthetic. Aquac Res 49: 1546–1556. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13609 doi: 10.1111/are.13609 |
[71] | Singh S, Sahoo S, Sahoo BC, et al. (2021) Enhancement of bioactivities of rhizome essential oil of Alpinia galanga (Greater galangal) Through Nanoemulsification. J Essent Oil-Bear Plants 24: 648–657. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2021.1951847 doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2021.1951847 |
[72] | Lin LY, Shen KH, Yeh XY, et al. (2016) Integrated process for production of galangal acetate, the 'Wasabi-Like' spicy compound, and analysis of essential oils of rhizoma Alpinia officinarum (Hance) Farw. J Food Sci 81: H1565–H1575. https://doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.13326 doi: 10.1111/1750-3841.13326 |
[73] | Wei Y, Sui D, Xu H, et al. (2017) Atractylodes lancea rhizome water extract reduces triptolide-induced toxicity and enhances anti-inflammatory effects. Chin J Nat Med 15: 905–911. |
[74] | Nguyen DD, Saensouk S, Nguyen van C, et al. (2023) Taxonomic notes of Alpinia subsect. Catimbium (Zingiberaceae) in Vietnam: The first record of Alpinia nobilis and description of a new species Alpinia hoangviet. Biodiversitas 24: 5293–5301. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d241010 doi: 10.13057/biodiv/d241010 |
[75] | Yuan Y, Lin LJ, Huang XB, et al. (2017) Analysis of the essential oils of Alpiniae officinarum Hance in different extraction methods. IOP Conf Ser: Mater Sci Eng 231: 012112. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/231/1/012112 doi: 10.1088/1757-899X/231/1/012112 |
[76] | Sukardi S, Pulungan MH, Asmara SNL (2022) Pulsed electric field energy calculation to damage red galangal (Alpinia purpurata K. Scumm) rhizome slices and its essential oil yield and quality with hydrodistillation. Ces a Slov Farm Cas Ces Farm Spol a Slov Farm Spol 71: 103–105. https://doi.org/10.5817/CSF2022-3-103 doi: 10.5817/CSF2022-3-103 |
[77] | Ge X, Liang Q, Long Y, et al. (2022) Assessment of fresh Alpinia galanga (A. galanga) drying techniques for the chemical composition of essential oil and its antioxidant and biological activity. Food Chem 392: 133314. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133314 doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133314 |
[78] | Kawai H, Kuraya E, Touyama A, et al. (2021) Improved yield and antioxidant activity of essential oil from Alpinia zerumbet (Zingiberaceae) leaves by underwater shockwave pretreatment. Food Bioprod Process 125: 134–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2020.11.003 doi: 10.1016/j.fbp.2020.11.003 |
[79] | Sethunga M, Ranaweera K, Munaweera I, et al. (2020) Recent advances in the extraction methods of essential oils and oleoresins from plant materials and its potential applications: A comprehensive review. J Food Bioprocess Eng 5: 151–167. |
[80] | Nguyễn TAT, Huỳnh TĐ, Natthakan R (2019) Extraction and encapsulation of lesser galangal (Alpinia officinarum) essential oil using microwave pretreatment and spray drying. Tạp chí Nô ng nghiệp và Phát triển 18: 57–63. https://doi.org/10.52997/jad.9.03.2019 doi: 10.52997/jad.9.03.2019 |
[81] | Ghasemy-Piranloo F, Kavousi F, Dadashian S (2020) Comparison for the production of essential oil by conventional, novel and biotechnology methods. https://doi.org/10.22541/au.160315281.12110663/v1 |
[82] | Rios JL (2016) Chapter 1—Essential oils: What they are and how the terms are used and defined. In: Preedy VR (Ed.), Essential Oils in Food Preservation, Flavor and Safety, 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-416641-7.00001-8 |
[83] | Sharmeen JB, Mahomoodally FM, Zengin G, et al. (2021) Essential oils as natural sources of fragrance compounds for cosmetics and cosmeceuticals. Molecules 26: 666. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26030666 doi: 10.3390/molecules26030666 |
[84] | Van HT, Le NT, Huynh NTA, et al. (2022) Chemical composition and antibacterial activities of essential oils from rhizomes and aerial parts of Homalomena cochinchinensis (Araceae). Nat Prod Res 36: 3129–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2021.1939333 doi: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1939333 |
[85] | Liang W, Ge X, Lin Q, et al. (2024) Ternary composite degradable plastics based on Alpinia galanga essential oil Pickering emulsion templates: A potential multifunctional active packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 257: 128580. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128580 doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128580 |
[86] | Hoch CC, Petry J, Griesbaum L, et al. (2023) 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol): A versatile phytochemical with therapeutic applications across multiple diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 167: 115467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115467 doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115467 |
[87] | Jirovetz L, Buchbauer G, Shafi MP, et al. (2003) Analysis of the essential oils of the leaves, stems, rhizomes and roots of the medicinal plant Alpinia galanga from southern India. Acta Pharm 53: 73–82. |
[88] | Raj G, Pradeep DP, Yusufali C, et al. (2013) Chemical profiles of volatiles in four Alpinia species from Kerala, South India. J Essent Oil Res 25: 97–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2012.751058 doi: 10.1080/10412905.2012.751058 |
[89] | Akhtar P, Ali M, Mir SR, et al. (2004) Volatile constituents of rhizomes of Alpinia galanga (Linn.) Willd. J Essent Oil Bear Plants 7: 243–246. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972-060X.2004.10643400 doi: 10.1080/0972-060X.2004.10643400 |
[90] | Charles DJ, Simon JE, Singh NK (1992) The essential oil of Alpinia galanga Willd. J Essent Oil Res 4: 81–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1992.9698016 doi: 10.1080/10412905.1992.9698016 |
[91] | Sripor W, Jinda N (2014) Effect of Alpinia galangal essential oil on bacteria spoilage. The 26 th Meeting of the Thai Society for Biotechnology a International Conference, Thailand, 1–6. |
[92] | Pripdeevech P, Nuntawong N, Wongpornchai S (2009) Composition of essential oils from the rhizomes of three Alpinia species grown in Thailand. Chem Nat Compd 45: 562–564. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-009-9367-1 doi: 10.1007/s10600-009-9367-1 |
[93] | Hamad A, Alifah A, Permadi A, et al. (2016) Chemical constituents and antibacterial activities of crude extract and essential oils of Alpinia galanga and Zingiber officinale. Int Food Res J 23: 837. |
[94] | Wu Y, Wang Y, Li ZH, et al. (2014) Composition of the essential oil from Alpinia galanga rhizomes and its bioactivity on Lasioderma serricorne. Bull Insectol 67: 247–254. |
[95] | Arambewela LSR, Arawwawala M, Owen NL, et al. (2007) Volatile oil of Alpinia galanga willd. of Sri Lanka. J Essent Oil Res 19: 455–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2007.9699950 doi: 10.1080/10412905.2007.9699950 |
[96] | Rialita T, Radiani H, Alfiah D (2019) Antimicrobial activity of the combination of red galangal (Alpinia purpurata K. Schum) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) essential oils on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. J Phys Conf Ser 1217: 012132. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1217/1/012132 doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1217/1/012132 |
[97] | Sukardi S, Pulungan MH, Asmara SNL (2022) Pulsed electric field energy calculation to damage red galangal (Alpinia purpurata, K. Scumm) rhizome slices and its essential oil yield and quality with hydrodistillation. Ces a Slov Farm Cas Ces Farm Spol a Slov Farm Spol 71: 103–115. https://doi.org/10.5817/CSF2022-3-103 doi: 10.5817/CSF2022-3-103 |
[98] | Rana VS, Verdeguer M, Blazquez MA (2010) GC and GC/MS analysis of the volatile constituents of the oils of Alpinia galanga (L.) Willd and A. officinarum Hance rhizomes. J Essent Oil Res 22: 521–524. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700388 doi: 10.1080/10412905.2010.9700388 |
[99] | Wu J, Lei LW, Mei WL, et al. (2012) High-level 1,8-cineole in the Alpinia officinarum essential oil from Hainan Island of China. Chem Nat Compd 48: 325–326. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10600-012-0238-9 doi: 10.1007/s10600-012-0238-9 |
[100] | Tram Ngoc L, Yamauchi R, Kato K (2001) Volatile components of the essential oils in galanga (Alpinia officinarum Hance) from Vietnam. Food Sci Technol Res 7: 303–306. https://doi.org/10.3136/fstr.7.303 doi: 10.3136/fstr.7.303 |
[101] | Chandrakanthan M, Handunnetti SM, Premakumara GSA, et al. (2020) Topical anti-Inflammatory activity of essential oils of Alpinia calcarata Rosc., its main constituents, and possible mechanism of action. Evidence-Based Complementary Altern Med 2020: 2035671. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2035671 doi: 10.1155/2020/2035671 |
[102] | Nampoothiri SV, Venugopalan VV, Joy B, et al. (2012) Comparison of essential oil composition of three ginger cultivars from sub Himalayan region. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2: S1347–S1350. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60414-6 doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(12)60414-6 |
[103] | Poonkodi K, Baranika SK V, Udayakumar P, et al. (2017) Chemical composition and Anti-inflammatory potential of essential oil of Alpinia calcarata Rosc.-grown in South India. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 42: 207. |
[104] | Rout PK, Sahoo S, Rath SP, et al. (2005) Analysis of the leaf, rhizome and root oils of two accessions of Alpinia calcarata rosc. cultivated at Bhubaneswar. J Essent Oil Res 17: 398–400. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2005.9698941 doi: 10.1080/10412905.2005.9698941 |
[105] | Feng YX, Zhang X, Wang Y, et al. (2021) The potential contribution of cymene isomers to insecticidal and repellent activities of the essential oil from Alpinia zerumbet. Int Biodeterior Biodegrad 157: 105138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2020.105138 doi: 10.1016/j.ibiod.2020.105138 |
[106] | Saikia J, Sarkar A, Washmin N, et al. (2023) Effect of postharvest drying on physicochemical properties, volatile yield, composition, and sensory attributes of Alpinia zerumbet (shell ginger) rhizome. Ind Crops Prod 198: 116719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.116719 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.116719 |
[107] | Wu B, Gan A, Wang R, et al. (2023) Alpinia oxyphylla Miq. volatile oil ameliorates depressive behaviors and inhibits neuroinflammation in CUMS-exposed mice by inhibiting the TLR4-medicated MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Chem Neuroanat 130: 102270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102270 doi: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2023.102270 |
[108] | Trung HT, Giang LD, Thuan VT, et al. (2023) Chemical Composition of Essential Oils Extracted from the Leaves and Rhizomes of Alpinia hongiaoensis Tagane.(Zingiberaceae) growing Wild in Vietnam. J Essent Oil Bear Plants 26: 396–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/0972060X.2023.2187708 doi: 10.1080/0972060X.2023.2187708 |
[109] | Wu Y, Zhang WJ, Huang DY, et al. (2015) Chemical compositions and insecticidal activities of Alpinia kwangsiensis essential oil against Lasioderma serricorne. Molecules 20: 21939–21945. |
[110] | Yodha AWM, Badia E, Musdalipah, et al. (2023) Essential oils of Alpinia monopleura and their antibacterial and antioxidant activity. Molekul 18: 80–88. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.6265 doi: 10.20884/1.jm.2023.18.1.6265 |
[111] | Tra NT, Ha NX, Tuyen NV, et al. (2023) Essential oils of Alpinia vietnamica rhizomes and leaves: Chemical composition, cytotoxicity, α-glucosidase inhibition, and molecular docking approach. Nat Prod Commun 18: 10. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X231206280 doi: 10.1177/1934578X231206280 |
[112] | Jusoh S, Sirat HM, Ahmad F (2013) Essential oils of Alpinia rafflesiana and their antimicrobial activities. Natural Product Communications, 8: 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/1934578X1300800933 doi: 10.1177/1934578X1300800933 |
[113] | Raina AP, Abraham Z (2017) Essential oil profiling of Alpinia species from southern India. Indian J Exp Biol 55: 776–781. |
[114] | Zhang D, Zou L, Wu DT, et al. (2021) Discovery of 1'-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA) as a promising antibacterial compound from galangal (Alpinia galanga (Linn.) Willd). Ind Crops Prod 171: 113883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113883 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113883 |
[115] | Mallavarapu GR, Rao L, Ramesh S, et al. (2002) Composition of the volatile oils of Alpinia galanga rhizomes and leaves from India. J Essent Oil Res 14: 397–399. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2002.9699900 doi: 10.1080/10412905.2002.9699900 |
[116] | Tang G, Chen Y, Jiang Y, et al. (2018) Green human resource management practices: scale development and validity. Asia Pac J Hum Resour 56: 31–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/1744-7941.12147 doi: 10.1111/1744-7941.12147 |
[117] | Tian Y, Jia X, Wang Q, et al. (2022) Antioxidant, antibacterial, enzyme inhibitory, and anticancer activities and chemical composition of Alpinia galanga flower essential oil. Pharmaceuticals 15: 1069. https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15091069 doi: 10.3390/ph15091069 |
[118] | Feng YX (2020) Contact toxicity and repellent efficacy of Valerianaceae spp. to three stored-product insects and synergistic interactions between two major compounds camphene and bornyl acetate. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 190: 110106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110106 doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110106 |
[119] | Eumkeb G, Sakdarat S, Siriwong S (2010) Reversing β-lactam antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus with galangin from Alpinia officinarum Hance and synergism with ceftazidime. Phytomedicine 18: 40–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2010.09.003 doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.09.003 |
[120] | Gazal M, Valente MR, Acosta BA, et al. (2014) Neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of curcumin in a ketamine-induced model of mania in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 724: 132–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.12.028 doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.12.028 |
[121] | Reid K, Wright V, Omoregie S (2016) Anticancer properties of Alpinia officinarum (lesser galangal)—A mini review. Int J Adv Res 4: 300–306. https://doi.org/10.21474/IJAR01/380 doi: 10.21474/IJAR01/380 |
[122] | Lima PR, De Melo TS, Carvalho KMMB, et al. (2013) 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) ameliorates cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis via modulation of cytokines, oxidative stress and NF-κB activity in mice. Life Sci 92: 1195–1201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2013.05.009 doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2013.05.009 |
[123] | Dhakad AK, Pandey V V, Beg S, et al. (2018) Biological, medicinal and toxicological significance of Eucalyptus leaf essential oil: A review. J Sci Food Agric 98: 833–848. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.8600 doi: 10.1002/jsfa.8600 |
[124] | Cai Z-M, Peng J-Q, Chen Y, et al. (2021) 1, 8-Cineole: A review of source, biological activities, and application. J Asian Nat Prod Res 23: 938–954. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286020.2020.1839432 doi: 10.1080/10286020.2020.1839432 |
[125] | Raina AP, Abraham Z (2016) Chemical profiling of essential oil of Kaempferia galanga L. germplasm from India. J Essent oil Res 28: 1077165. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2015.1077165 doi: 10.1080/10412905.2015.1077165 |
[126] | Santos MS, Jezler CN, Oliveira A de, et al. (2012) Harvest time and plant age on the content and chemical composition of the essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet. Horticultura Brasileira, 30: 385–390. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-05362012000300005 doi: 10.1590/S0102-05362012000300005 |
[127] | Chan EWC, Wong SK (2015) Phytochemistry and pharmacology of ornamental gingers, Hedychium coronarium and Alpinia purpurata: A review. J Integr Med 13: 368–379. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2095-4964(15)60208-4 doi: 10.1016/S2095-4964(15)60208-4 |
[128] | Kanjilal PB, Kotoky R, Couladis M (2010) Essential oil composition of leaf and rhizome oil of Alpinia nigra (Gaertner) BL Burtt. from Northeast India. J Essent Oil Res 22: 358–359. https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2010.9700345 doi: 10.1080/10412905.2010.9700345 |
[129] | Aljobair MO (2022) Chemical composition, antimicrobial properties, and antioxidant activity of galangal rhizome. Food Sci Technol 42: e45622. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.45622 doi: 10.1590/fst.45622 |
[130] | Eram S, Mujahid MD, Bagga P, et al. (2019) A review on phytopharmacological activity of Alpinia galanga. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 11: 6–11. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2019v11i3.31352 doi: 10.22159/ijpps.2019v11i3.31352 |
[131] | Mahae N, Chaiseri S (2009) Antioxidant activities and antioxidative components in extracts of Alpinia galanga (L.) Sw. Agric Nat Resour 43: 358–369. |
[132] | Mandal D, Sarkar T, Chakraborty R (2022) Critical review on nutritional, bioactive, and medicinal potential of spices and herbs and their application in food fortification and nanotechnology. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 195: 1319–1513. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-022-04132-y doi: 10.1007/s12010-022-04132-y |
[133] | Ramanunny AK, Wadhwa S, Gulati M, et al. (2022) Journey of Alpinia galanga from kitchen spice to nutraceutical to folk medicine to nanomedicine. J Ethnopharmacol 291: 115144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2022.115144 doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115144 |
[134] | Sahoo S, Singh S, Sahoo A, et al. (2020) Molecular and phytochemical stability of long term micropropagated greater galanga (Alpinia galanga) revealed suitable for industrial applications. Ind Crops Prod 148: 112274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112274 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112274 |
[135] | Zhou C, Li C, Siva S, et al. (2021) Chemical composition, antibacterial activity and study of the interaction mechanisms of the main compounds present in the Alpinia galanga rhizomes essential oil. Ind Crops Prod 165: 113441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113441 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113441 |
[136] | Budiati T, Suryaningsih W, Umaroh S, et al. (2018) Antimicrobial activity of essential oil from Indonesian medicinal plants against food-borne pathogens. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 207: 012036. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/207/1/012036 doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/207/1/012036 |
[137] | Budiati T, Wibisono Y, Pambayun RA, et al. (2020) Inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes by natural antimicrobial. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 411: 012042. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/411/1/012042 doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/411/1/012042 |
[138] | Eff ARY, Rahayu ST (2016) The antibacterial effects of essential oil from galangal rhizome Alpinia galanga (Linn.) pierreon rat (Rattus norvegicus L.) were infected by Salmonella typhi. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 9: 189–193. |
[139] | Xiao T, Huang J, Wang X, Wu L, Zhou X, Jiang F, Shen X, et al. (2020) Alpinia zerumbet and its potential use as an herbal medication for atherosclerosis: Mechanistic insights from cell and rodent studies. Lifestyle Genomics 13: 138–145. https://doi.org/10.1159/000508818 doi: 10.1159/000508818 |
[140] | Cunha GH da, Moraes MO de, Fechine FV, et al. (2013) Vasorelaxant and antihypertensive effects of methanolic fraction of the essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet. Vascul Pharmacol 58: 337–345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vph.2013.04.001 doi: 10.1016/j.vph.2013.04.001 |
[141] | Cruz JD d., Mpalantinos MA, Ramos A de S, et al. (2020) Chemical standardization, antioxidant activity and phenolic contents of cultivated Alpinia zerumbet preparations. Ind Crops Prod 151: 112495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112495 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112495 |
[142] | Pinto N V, Assreuy AMS, Coelho-de-Souza AN, et al. (2009) Endothelium-dependent vasorelaxant effects of the essential oil from aerial parts of Alpinia zerumbet and its main constituent 1,8-cineole in rats. Phytomedicine 16: 1151–1155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2009.04.007 doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.04.007 |
[143] | Xiao T, Wu A, Wang X, et al. (2024) Anti-hypertensive and composition as well as pharmacokinetics and tissues distribution of active ingredients from Alpinia zerumbet. Fitoterapia 172: 105753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105753 doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105753 |
[144] | Ji Y, Shi T, Zhang Y, et al. (2019) Essential oil from Fructus Alpinia zerumbet (fruit of Alpinia zerumbet (Pers.) Burtt. et Smith) protected against aortic endothelial cell injury and inflammation in vitro and in vivo. J Ethnopharmacol 237: 149–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.011 doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.03.011 |
[145] | Deng J, He B, He D, et al. (2016) A potential biopreservative: Chemical composition, antibacterial and hemolytic activities of leaves essential oil from Alpinia guinanensis. Ind Crops Prod 94: 281–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.09.004 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.09.004 |
[146] | Van HT, Dam SM, Phan UTX, et al. (2022) Chemical diversity of essential oils of rhizomes of six species of Zingiberaceae family. J Arid Agric 8: 8–13. https://doi.org/10.25081/jaa.2022.v8.7430 doi: 10.25081/jaa.2022.v8.7430 |
[147] | Zhou W, He Y, Liu F, et al. (2021) Carboxymethyl chitosan-pullulan edible films enriched with galangal essential oil: Characterization and application in mango preservation. Carbohydr Polym 256: 117579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117579 doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117579 |
[148] | Kubra IR, Rao LJM (2012) Effect of microwave drying on the phytochemical composition of volatiles of ginger. Int J Food Sci Technol 47: 53–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02806.x doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02806.x |
[149] | Rao K, Ch B, Narasu LM, et al. (2010) Antibacterial activity of Alpinia galanga (L) Willd crude extracts. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 162: 871–884. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-009-8900-9 doi: 10.1007/s12010-009-8900-9 |
[150] | Veerasophon J, Sripalakit P, Saraphanchotiwitthaya A (2020) Formulation of anti-acne concealer containing cinnamon oil with antimicrobial activity against Propionibacterium acnes. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 11: 53–58. https://doi.org/10.4103/japtr.JAPTR_1_20 doi: 10.4103/japtr.JAPTR_1_20 |
[151] | Santos GKN, Dutra KA, Barros RA, et al. (2012) Essential oils from Alpinia purpurata (Zingiberaceae): Chemical composition, oviposition deterrence, larvicidal and antibacterial activity. Ind Crops Prod 40: 254–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.03.020 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2012.03.020 |
[152] | Ravichandra V, Hanumantharayappa B, Papasani V (2014) Evaluation of cardio protective activity of galangin against doxorubicin induced cardiomyopathy. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 6: 86–90. |
[153] | Lahlou S, Interaminense LFL, Leal‐Cardoso JH, et al. (2003) Antihypertensive effects of the essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet and its main constituent, terpinen‐4‐ol, in DOCA‐salt hypertensive conscious rats. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 17: 323–330. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-8206.2003.00150.x doi: 10.1046/j.1472-8206.2003.00150.x |
[154] | Lahlou S, Galindo CAB, Leal-Cardoso JH, et al. (2002) Cardiovascular effects of the essential oil of Alpinia zerumbet leaves and its main constituent, terpinen-4-ol, in rats: role of the autonomic nervous system. Planta Med 68: 1097–1102. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2002-36336 doi: 10.1055/s-2002-36336 |
[155] | Rocha DG, Holanda TM, Braz HLB, et al. (2023) Vasorelaxant effect of Alpinia zerumbet's essential oil on rat resistance artery involves blocking of calcium mobilization. Fitoterapia 169: 105623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105623 doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105623 |
[156] | Pereira PS, Maia AJ, Duarte AE, et al. (2018) Cytotoxic and anti-kinetoplastid potential of the essential oil of Alpinia speciosa K. Schum. Food Chem Toxicol 119: 387–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.024 doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.01.024 |
[157] | Yustica FK, Widiastuti NI, Sapitri N, et al. (2019) Essential oils from Alpinia purpurata (Zingiberaceae): Chemical composition and Formulation of antiacne cream. Indones J Chem Res 4: 14–21. https://doi.org/10.20885/ijcr.vol4.iss1.art3 doi: 10.20885/ijcr.vol4.iss1.art3 |
[158] | Khumpirapang N, von Gersdorff Jørgensen L, Müllertz A, et al. (2021) Formulation optimization, anesthetic activity, skin permeation, and transportation pathway of Alpinia galanga oil SNEDDS in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Eur J Pharm Biopharm 165: 193–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.022 doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.04.022 |
[159] | Wongphan P, Nampanya P, Chakpha W, et al. (2023) Lesser galangal (Alpinia officinarum Hance) essential oil incorporated biodegradable PLA/PBS films as shelf-life extension packaging of cooked rice. Food Packag Shelf Life 37: 101077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2023.101077 doi: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2023.101077 |
[160] | Xu J, Jiang Z, Peng J, et al. (2023) Fabrication of a protein-dextran conjugates formed oral nanoemulsion and its application to deliver the essential oil from Alpinia zerumbet Fructus. Int J Biol Macromol 249: 125918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125918 doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125918 |
[161] | Liang W, Ge X, Lin Q, et al. (2024) pH-responsive liposomes for controlled release of Alpinia galanga essential oil: Investigating characteristics, stability, control release behavior, and functionality. Ind Crops Prod 209: 117978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117978 doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2023.117978 |
[162] | Damayanti R, Batubara I, Suparto IH (2015) Essential oil of red galangal (Alpinia galanga (L) Willd) rhizomes as slimming aromatherapy. Int J Pharma Bio Sci 6: 283–289. |
[163] | Nayaka NMDMW, Swari NLP, Yuda PESK, et al. (2022) Essential oil of Alpinia galanga: Effect of aromatherapy inhalation in mice and physicochemical characterization. J Ilm Medicam 8: 87–92. https://doi.org/10.36733/medicamento.v8i2.3791 doi: 10.36733/medicamento.v8i2.3791 |
[164] | Daning DRA, Yusiati LM, Hanim C, et al. (2022) Dietary supplementation of galangal (Alpinia galangal) essential oil affects rumen fermentation pattern. Adv Anim Vet Sci 10: 323–334. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.aavs/2022/10.2.323.334 doi: 10.17582/journal.aavs/2022/10.2.323.334 |
[165] | Daning DRA, Widyobroto BP, Yusiati LM, et al. (2022) Effect of galangal (Alpinia galanga) essential oil supplementation on milk production, composition, and characteristics of fatty acids in dairy cows. Adv Anim Vet Sci 10: 192–202. https://doi.org/10.17582/journal.aavs/2022/10.1.192.202 doi: 10.17582/journal.aavs/2022/10.1.192.202 |
[166] | Khumpirapang N, Chaichit S, Jiranusornkul S, et al. (2018) In vivo anesthetic effect and mechanism of action of active compounds from Alpinia galanga oil on Cyprinus carpio (koi carp). Aquaculture 496: 176–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.07.017 doi: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.07.017 |
[167] | Zhou W, He Y, Liu F, et al. (2021) Carboxymethyl chitosan-pullulan edible films enriched with galangal essential oil: Characterization and application in mango preservation. Carbohydr Polym 256: 117579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117579 doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117579 |
[168] | Dong J, Zhu X min, Wu F ye, et al. (2020) Development of galangal essential oil-based microemulsion gel for transdermal delivery of flurbiprofen: simultaneous permeability evaluation of flurbiprofen and 1,8-cineole. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 46: 91–100. https://doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2019.1706548 doi: 10.1080/03639045.2019.1706548 |
[169] | Wongphan P, Nampanya P, Chakpha W, et al. (2023) Lesser galangal (Alpinia officinarum Hance) essential oil incorporated biodegradable PLA/PBS films as shelf-life extension packaging of cooked rice. Food Packag Shelf Life 37: 101077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpsl.2023.101077 doi: 10.1016/j.fpsl.2023.101077 |
[170] | de Lira CS, Pontual EV, de Albuquerque LP, et al. (2015) Evaluation of the toxicity of essential oil from Alpinia purpurata inflorescences to Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevil). Crop Prot 71: 95–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2015.02.004 doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2015.02.004 |
[171] | Api AM, Bartlett A, Belsito D, et al. (2024) Update to RIFM fragrance ingredient safety assessment, eucalyptol, CAS Registry Number 470-82-6. Food Chem Toxicol 183: 114439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2024.114439 doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2024.114439 |
[172] | Rocha DG, Holanda TM, Braz HLB, et al. (2023) Vasorelaxant effect of Alpinia zerumbet's essential oil on rat resistance artery involves blocking of calcium mobilization. Fitoterapia 169: 105623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105623 doi: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105623 |
[173] | Zhou W, Sun Y, Zou L, et al. (2021) Effect of galangal essential oil emulsion on quality attributes of cloudy pineapple juice. Front Nutr 8: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.751405 doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.751405 |
[174] | Podshivalov AV, Bronnikov S, Zuev VV, et al. (2013) Synthesis and characterization of polyurethane-urea microcapsules containing galangal essential oil: statistical analysis of encapsulation. J Microencapsul 30: 198–203. https://doi.org/10.3109/02652048.2012.735261 doi: 10.3109/02652048.2012.735261 |
[175] | Okonogi S, Chaiyana W (2012) Enhancement of anti-cholinesterase activity of Zingiber cassumunar essential oil using a microemulsion technique. Drug Discov Ther 6: 249–255. https://doi.org/10.5582/ddt.2012.v6.5.249 doi: 10.5582/ddt.2012.v6.5.249 |
[176] | Xu J, Jiang Z, Peng J, et al. (2023) Fabrication of a protein-dextran conjugates formed oral nanoemulsion and its application to deliver the essential oil from Alpinia zerumbet Fructus. Int J Biol Macromol 249: 125918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125918 doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125918 |