Starch production from turmeric (Curcuma longa) generates residue, which contains different nutrients, dietary fiber, and antioxidants. In this study, the by-product of turmeric starch production was dried at 50 ℃ to a moisture content of 11–12%, milled, passed through a 70-mesh sieve, and then added to cookie formulation to increase antioxidant content and activities of the fortified cookies. The ratio of turmeric by-product powder (TBP) in the cookie formulation was varied from 0 to 12%. The greater the TBP ratio in the cookie recipe was, the greater the contents of ash and dietary fiber and the antioxidant activities of the fortified cookies. At 12% TBP level, the total phenolic content, flavonoid content, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power of the fortified cookies were increased by 6.4, 5.5, 4.7, and 6.8 times, respectively, as compared to those of the cookies without TBP supplementation. The increase in TBP ratio also enhanced the product hardness and reduced its diameter, thickness, and overall acceptability. The cookies with 9% TBP ratio were rich in antioxidants and the sensory quality was acceptable. Turmeric by-product powder was a good ingredient for antioxidant fortification in cookie products.
Citation: Thi Thuy Le, Trung Kien Nguyen, Nu Minh Nguyet Ton, Thi Thu Tra Tran, Van Viet Man Le. Quality of cookies supplemented with various levels of turmeric by-product powder[J]. AIMS Agriculture and Food, 2024, 9(1): 209-219. doi: 10.3934/agrfood.2024012
Starch production from turmeric (Curcuma longa) generates residue, which contains different nutrients, dietary fiber, and antioxidants. In this study, the by-product of turmeric starch production was dried at 50 ℃ to a moisture content of 11–12%, milled, passed through a 70-mesh sieve, and then added to cookie formulation to increase antioxidant content and activities of the fortified cookies. The ratio of turmeric by-product powder (TBP) in the cookie formulation was varied from 0 to 12%. The greater the TBP ratio in the cookie recipe was, the greater the contents of ash and dietary fiber and the antioxidant activities of the fortified cookies. At 12% TBP level, the total phenolic content, flavonoid content, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power of the fortified cookies were increased by 6.4, 5.5, 4.7, and 6.8 times, respectively, as compared to those of the cookies without TBP supplementation. The increase in TBP ratio also enhanced the product hardness and reduced its diameter, thickness, and overall acceptability. The cookies with 9% TBP ratio were rich in antioxidants and the sensory quality was acceptable. Turmeric by-product powder was a good ingredient for antioxidant fortification in cookie products.
[1] | Barber TM, Kabisch S, Pfeiffer AF, et al. (2020) The health benefits of dietary fibre. Nutrients 12: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12103209 doi: 10.3390/nu12103209 |
[2] | Krajewska A, Dziki D (2023) Enrichment of cookies with fruits and their by-products: chemical composition, antioxidant properties, and sensory changes. Molecules 28: 4005–4033. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28104005 doi: 10.3390/molecules28104005 |
[3] | Abeyrathne EDNS, Nam K, Huang X, et al. (2022) Plant-and animal-based antioxidants' structure, efficacy, mechanisms, and applications: A review. Antioxidants 11: 1025–1043. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11051025 doi: 10.3390/antiox11051025 |
[4] | Ranasinghe M, Manikas I, Maqsood S, et al. (2022) Date components as promising plant-based materials to be incorporated into baked goods—a review. Sustainability 14: 605–634. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020605 doi: 10.3390/su14020605 |
[5] | Restrepo-Osorio J, Nobile-Correa DP, Zuñiga O, et al. (2020) Determination of nutritional value of turmeric flour and the antioxidant activity of Curcuma longa rhizome extracts from agroecological and conventional crops of Valle del Cauca-Colombia. Rev Colomb Quim 49: 26–32. https://doi.org/10.15446/rev.colomb.quim.v1n49.79334 doi: 10.15446/rev.colomb.quim.v1n49.79334 |
[6] | Tanvir EM, Hossen MS, Hossain MF, et al. (2017) Antioxidant properties of popular turmeric (Curcuma longa) varieties from Bangladesh. J Food Qual 2017: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/8471785 doi: 10.1155/2017/8471785 |
[7] | Nguyen CM, Kim JS, Nguyen TN, et al. (2013) Production of L-and D-lactic acid from waste Curcuma longa biomass through simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation. Bioresour Technol 146: 35–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.035 doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.035 |
[8] | Liu X, Ma B, Tan H, et al. (2021) Utilization of turmeric residue for the preparation of ceramic foam. J Clean Prod 278: 123825–123861. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123825 doi: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123825 |
[9] | Tosati JV, de Oliveira EF, Oliveira JV, et al. (2018) Light-activated antimicrobial activity of turmeric residue edible coatings against cross-contamination of listeria innocua on sausages. Food Control 84: 177–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.07.026 doi: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.07.026 |
[10] | Sumczynski D, Bubelova Z, Sneyd J, et al. (2015) Total phenolics, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, crude fibre and digestibility in non-traditional wheat flakes and muesli. Food Chem 174: 319–325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.065 doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.11.065 |
[11] | Zhishen J, Mengcheng T, Jianming W (1999) The determination of flavonoid contents in mulberry and their scavenging effects on superoxide radicals. Food Chem 64: 555–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00102-2 doi: 10.1016/S0308-8146(98)00102-2 |
[12] | Kadam PV, Yadav KN, Bhingare CL, et al. (2018) Standardization and quantification of curcumin from Curcuma longa extract using UV visible spectroscopy and HPLC. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 7: 1913–1918. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:221778882 |
[13] | Sepahpour S, Selamat J, Abdul Manap MY, et al. (2018) Comparative analysis of chemical composition, antioxidant activity and quantitative characterization of some phenolic compounds in selected herbs and spices in different solvent extraction systems. Molecules 23: 402–419. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23020402 doi: 10.3390/molecules23020402 |
[14] | Mishra N, Chandra R (2012) Development of functional biscuit from soy flour & rice bran. Int J Agric Food Sci 2: 14–20. |
[15] | Fernandez Lopez J, Sendra Nadal E, Navarro C, et al. (2009) Storage stability of a high dietary fibre powder from orange by-products. Int J Food Sci Technol 44: 748–756. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2008.01892.x doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2008.01892.x |
[16] | Mane RP, Kshirsagar RB, Sawate AR, et al. (2018) Studies on evaluation of physicochemical and nutritional properties of fresh turmeric rhizome. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 7: 2895–2897. |
[17] | Maniglia BC, Tapia-Blácido DR (2019) Structural modification of fiber and starch in turmeric residue by chemical and mechanical treatment for production of biodegradable films. Int J Biol Macromol 126: 507–516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.206 doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.206 |
[18] | Benitez V, Rebollo-Hernanz M, Hernanz S, et al. (2019) Coffee parchment as a new dietary fiber ingredient: functional and physiological characterization. Food Res Int 122: 105–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.002 doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.04.002 |
[19] | Kuttigounder D, Lingamallu JR, Bhattacharya S (2011) Turmeric powder and starch: selected physical, physicochemical, and microstructural properties. J Food Sci 76: C1284–C1291. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02403.x doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2011.02403.x |
[20] | Ajila CM, Leelavathi KUJS, Rao UP (2008) Improvement of dietary fiber content and antioxidant properties in soft dough biscuits with the incorporation of mango peel powder. J Cereal Sci 48: 319–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcs.2007.10.001 doi: 10.1016/j.jcs.2007.10.001 |
[21] | Stephen AM, Cummings JH (1979) Water holding by dietary fibre in vitro and its relationship to faecal bulking in man. Gut 20: 722–729. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.20.8.722 doi: 10.1136/gut.20.8.722 |
[22] | Khanpit VV, Tajane SP, Mandavgane SA (2021) Dietary fibers from fruit and vegetable waste: Methods of extraction and processes of value addition. Biomass Conv Bioref 2021: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-021-01980-2 doi: 10.1007/s13399-021-01980-2 |
[23] | Ismail T, Akhtar S, Riaz M, et al. (2014) Effect of pomegranate peel supplementation on nutritional, organoleptic and stability properties of cookies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 65: 661–666. https://doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2014.908170 doi: 10.3109/09637486.2014.908170 |
[24] | Kuchtová V, Kohajdová Z, Karovicova J, et al. (2018) Physical, textural and sensory properties of cookies incorporated with grape skin and seed preparations. Polish J Food Nutr Sci 68: 309–317. https://doi.org/10.2478/pjfns-2018-0004 doi: 10.2478/pjfns-2018-0004 |
[25] | Mancebo CM, Picón J, Gómez M (2015) Effect of flour properties on the quality characteristics of gluten-free sugar-snap cookies. LWT 64: 264–269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.05.057 doi: 10.1016/j.lwt.2015.05.057 |
[26] | Varastegani B, Zzaman W, Yang TA (2015) Investigation on physicochemical and sensory evaluation of cookies substituted with papaya pulp flour. J Food Qual 38: 175–183. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfq.12129 doi: 10.1111/jfq.12129 |
[27] | Davidov-Pardo G, Moreno M, Arozarena I, et al. (2012) Sensory and consumer perception of the addition of grape seed extracts in cookies. J Food Sci 77: S430–S438. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02991.x doi: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02991.x |