Biophysical insights into nanomaterial-induced DNA damage: mechanisms, challenges, and future directions

James C.L. Chow; James C.L. Chow

doi:10.3934/biophy.2024019

AIMS Biophysics

2024, Volume 11, Issue 3: 340-369. doi: 10.3934/biophy.2024019

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Review

Biophysical insights into nanomaterial-induced DNA damage: mechanisms, challenges, and future directions

James C.L. Chow ^{1,2
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1.
Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
2.
Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Received: 19 July 2024 Revised: 23 August 2024 Accepted: 06 September 2024 Published: 11 September 2024

Nanomaterials have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties and wide-ranging applications in medicine and biophysics. However, their interactions with biological systems, particularly DNA, raise critical concerns about genotoxicity and potential long-term health risks. This review delves into the biophysical mechanisms underlying nanomaterial-induced DNA damage, highlighting recent insights, current challenges, and future research directions. We explore how the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials influence their interaction with DNA, the pathways through which they induce damage, and the biophysical methods employed to study these processes.
- nanomaterials,
- DNA damage,
- dose enhancement,
- physicochemical property,
- Monte Carlo simulation,
- nanoparticles
Citation: James C.L. Chow. Biophysical insights into nanomaterial-induced DNA damage: mechanisms, challenges, and future directions[J]. AIMS Biophysics, 2024, 11(3): 340-369. doi: 10.3934/biophy.2024019

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Abstract

Nanomaterials have garnered significant attention due to their unique properties and wide-ranging applications in medicine and biophysics. However, their interactions with biological systems, particularly DNA, raise critical concerns about genotoxicity and potential long-term health risks. This review delves into the biophysical mechanisms underlying nanomaterial-induced DNA damage, highlighting recent insights, current challenges, and future research directions. We explore how the physicochemical properties of nanomaterials influence their interaction with DNA, the pathways through which they induce damage, and the biophysical methods employed to study these processes.

Acknowledgments

There is no financial support for conducting the research and preparing the article.

Conflict of interest

James C.L. Chow is an editorial board member for AIMS Biophysics and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. The author has no potential conflict of interest on financial or commercial matters associated with this study.

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