Encapsulation of flavours into <i>Yarrowia lipolytica</i> active yeast cells. Fluorescence study of the lipid droplets morphology and steryl/sterol balance during the shock

Thi Minh Ngoc Ta; Cynthia Romero-Guido; Thi Hanh Phan; Hai Dang Tran; Hanh Tam Dinh; Yves Waché; Thi Minh Ngoc Ta; Cynthia Romero-Guido; Thi Hanh Phan; Hai Dang Tran; Hanh Tam Dinh; Yves Waché

doi:10.3934/biophy.2022022

AIMS Biophysics

2022, Volume 9, Issue 3: 257-270. doi: 10.3934/biophy.2022022

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Encapsulation of flavours into Yarrowia lipolytica active yeast cells. Fluorescence study of the lipid droplets morphology and steryl/sterol balance during the shock

1.
International Joint Research Laboratory « Tropical Bioresources & Biotechnology », Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Institut Agro Dijon, PAM UMR A 02.102, F-21000, Dijon, and School of Biotechnology and Food Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi Vietnam
2.
Department of Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
3.
Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City,Vietnam
4.
Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Mexico

Received: 25 May 2022 Revised: 28 July 2022 Accepted: 10 August 2022 Published: 15 September 2022

Yeast are a powerful material for the encapsulation of compounds. Usually, yeast used as capsules are inactivated by the encapsulation treatment, which is stressful to cells. However, if kept active, cells can bring their own activity in addition to the encapsulated compound. We have observed previously that lipid-grown Yarrowia lipolytica were more resistant to encapsulation. The objective of the present study was to identify physiological markers involved in this resistance. Cells were cultured in the presence of glucose or methyl-oleate as the sole carbon source and submitted to a γ-dodecalactone stress. This paper focuses on the role of intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) and of the ergosteryl content to protect cells during the lactone treatment. Lipid-grown cells were more resistant to lactone and the presence of LDs before the shock increased significantly the resistance. The ergosteryl esters from the LD pool were hydrolysed to release ergosterol able to strenghten the plasma membrane during the shock. For cells devoid of LDs, membrane ergosterols were esterified concomitantly with LDs growth, resulting in a membrane weakening. By using pox3-mutant strains, which possesse numerous and small-sized LDs, we observed the original behaviour: these mutants showed no increased resistance and their LDs exploded in the cytoplasma during the shock. These results point out the role of LDs in cell resistance to amphiphilic stresses as a storage compartment as well as in ergosterol homeostasis.
- Yarrowia lipolytica,
- encapsulation,
- active cells,
- lipid droplets,
- sterol-steryl ester conversion,
- lactone,
- acyl-CoA oxidase
Citation: Thi Minh Ngoc Ta, Cynthia Romero-Guido, Thi Hanh Phan, Hai Dang Tran, Hanh Tam Dinh, Yves Waché. Encapsulation of flavours into Yarrowia lipolytica active yeast cells. Fluorescence study of the lipid droplets morphology and steryl/sterol balance during the shock[J]. AIMS Biophysics, 2022, 9(3): 257-270. doi: 10.3934/biophy.2022022

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Abstract

Yeast are a powerful material for the encapsulation of compounds. Usually, yeast used as capsules are inactivated by the encapsulation treatment, which is stressful to cells. However, if kept active, cells can bring their own activity in addition to the encapsulated compound. We have observed previously that lipid-grown Yarrowia lipolytica were more resistant to encapsulation. The objective of the present study was to identify physiological markers involved in this resistance. Cells were cultured in the presence of glucose or methyl-oleate as the sole carbon source and submitted to a γ-dodecalactone stress. This paper focuses on the role of intracellular lipid droplets (LDs) and of the ergosteryl content to protect cells during the lactone treatment. Lipid-grown cells were more resistant to lactone and the presence of LDs before the shock increased significantly the resistance. The ergosteryl esters from the LD pool were hydrolysed to release ergosterol able to strenghten the plasma membrane during the shock. For cells devoid of LDs, membrane ergosterols were esterified concomitantly with LDs growth, resulting in a membrane weakening. By using pox3-mutant strains, which possesse numerous and small-sized LDs, we observed the original behaviour: these mutants showed no increased resistance and their LDs exploded in the cytoplasma during the shock. These results point out the role of LDs in cell resistance to amphiphilic stresses as a storage compartment as well as in ergosterol homeostasis.

Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Hélène Licandro for helpful discussions and suggestions and to Christine Rojas for technical help.
Funding: Ta Thi Minh Ngoc was granted by the French Ministry for Science and Technology and Cynthia Romero Guido by the Alβan Fellows Program of High Level for Latinamerica (Alβan, No. E07D404079MX) and the Mexican CONACyT (No.188320). The project was granted by ANR (programme Transaronat).

Conflict of interest

All the authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author contributions

TMNT, CRG and YW conceived and designed research. TMNT, CRG, HPT, HDT and HTD conducted experiments. TMNT, CRG and YW analysed data and wrote the manuscript. All authors read and approved the manuscript.

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