Research article Special Issues

Techno-optimism of Malaysia education blueprint (2013-2025) and its effect on the local sustainability education narrative


  • Received: 21 February 2024 Revised: 10 April 2024 Accepted: 28 April 2024 Published: 03 June 2024
  • Given the increasing dominance of technology across various sectors, it is not surprising that education has also adopted narratives supporting and sustaining its importance in humanity's daily lives. In Malaysia Education Blueprint, narratives partial towards technology, known as techno-optimism, are commonly sighted. The concern with these narratives lies in the environmental impact a techno-optimistic education blueprint would perpetuate; that is, a partiality that enables the continuity of a consumptive status quo that induced the climate crisis in the first place and the maintenance of an unrealistic expectation of continuous comfort in an increasingly challenging ecosystem fuelled by misplaced optimism on technology. To break free from such a lifestyle and promote sustainability, education must support the effort by providing an alternative perspective that prioritises the sustainability of Earth and the well-being of its people. This paper argues for the Malaysia Education Blueprint that serves to guide the nation after 2025 to be based on a holistic approach that takes into account the sustainable interdependence between humans and the environment, as well as the cultivation of a mindset that fosters mutual flourishing.

    Citation: Aai Sheau Yean, Suzieleez Syrene Abdul Rahim, Umi Kalsum Binti Mohd Salleh. Techno-optimism of Malaysia education blueprint (2013-2025) and its effect on the local sustainability education narrative[J]. STEM Education, 2024, 4(3): 199-221. doi: 10.3934/steme.2024013

    Related Papers:

  • Given the increasing dominance of technology across various sectors, it is not surprising that education has also adopted narratives supporting and sustaining its importance in humanity's daily lives. In Malaysia Education Blueprint, narratives partial towards technology, known as techno-optimism, are commonly sighted. The concern with these narratives lies in the environmental impact a techno-optimistic education blueprint would perpetuate; that is, a partiality that enables the continuity of a consumptive status quo that induced the climate crisis in the first place and the maintenance of an unrealistic expectation of continuous comfort in an increasingly challenging ecosystem fuelled by misplaced optimism on technology. To break free from such a lifestyle and promote sustainability, education must support the effort by providing an alternative perspective that prioritises the sustainability of Earth and the well-being of its people. This paper argues for the Malaysia Education Blueprint that serves to guide the nation after 2025 to be based on a holistic approach that takes into account the sustainable interdependence between humans and the environment, as well as the cultivation of a mindset that fosters mutual flourishing.



    加载中


    [1] Barry, J., Bio-fuelling the Hummer? In E. Byrne, G. Mullally, & C. Sage (Eds.), Transdisciplinary Perspectives on Transitions to Sustainability, 2016,106–123. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315550206-6
    [2] Alexander, S. and Rutherford, J., A critique of techno-optimism: Efficiency without sufficiency is lost. In A. Kalfagianni, D. Fuchs, & A. Hayden (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of Global Sustainability Governance, Routledge, 2019.
    [3] Bánkuty-Balogh, L., The role of techno-optimism in environmental sustainability narratives. In Z. Szerényi, G. Salamin, & Z. Nemes (Eds.), Environmental, Social And Economic Sustainability In The Light Of The Geopolitical Challenges Of Ou, 2021, 72–89. Corvinus University of Budapest. https://doi.org/10.14267/978-963-503-886-2
    [4] Bonnett, M., Ecology and Environmental Education. In P. Smeyers (Ed.), International Handbook of Philosophy of Education, 2018, 1083–1096. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72761-5_75
    [5] Smith, C. and Watson, J., From streams to streaming: A critique of the influence of STEM on students' imagination for a sustainable future. University of Tasmania, Special Issue No.1, 2020, 21–29.
    [6] UN Report: Nature's Dangerous Decline 'Unprecedented'; Species Extinction Rates 'Accelerating'. In United Nations Sustainable Development, 2019. Available from: https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2019/05/nature-decline-unprecedented-report
    [7] Rowling, M., 'Net-zero' emissions: What is it and why does it matter so much? World Economic Forum. 2020. Available from: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/09/carbon-emissions-net-zero-global-warming-climate-change/
    [8] Smith, C. and Lamboll, R., Carbon budget for 1.5℃ will run out in six years at current emissions levels – new research. The Conversation. 2023. Available from: http://theconversation.com/carbon-budget-for-1-5-c-will-run-out-in-six-years-at-current-emissions-levels-new-research-216459
    [9] Lenton, T.M., Environmental Tipping Points. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 2013, 38(1): 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-environ-102511-084654 doi: 10.1146/annurev-environ-102511-084654
    [10] McKay, D.A., Climate tipping points could lock in unstoppable changes to the planet – how close are they? The Conversation. 2022. Available from: http://theconversation.com/climate-tipping-points-could-lock-in-unstoppable-changes-to-the-planet-how-close-are-they-191043
    [11] Pereira, J., Howden, M. and Sánchez, R., Mass starvation, extinctions, disasters: The new IPCC report's grim predictions, and why adaptation efforts are falling behind. The Conversation. 2022. Available from: http://theconversation.com/mass-starvation-extinctions-disasters-the-new-ipcc-reports-grim-predictions-and-why-adaptation-efforts-are-falling-behind-176693
    [12] Capon, T., 222 scientists say cascading crises are the biggest threat to the well-being of future generations. The Conversation. 2020. Available from: http://theconversation.com/222-scientists-say-cascading-crises-are-the-biggest-threat-to-the-well-being-of-future-generations-131551
    [13] Bonnett, M., Towards an ecologization of education. The Journal of Environmental Education, 2019, 50(4–6): 251–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2019.1687409 doi: 10.1080/00958964.2019.1687409
    [14] Bonnett, M., Education for Sustainability as a Frame of Mind. Environmental Education Research, 2002, 8(1): 9–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504620120109619 doi: 10.1080/13504620120109619
    [15] Bonnett, M., Interpreting the Idea of the Anthropocene, and Its Relevance to Education. On Education. Journal for Research and Debate, 2019, 2(4). https://doi.org/10.17899/on_ed.2019.4.2 doi: 10.17899/on_ed.2019.4.2
    [16] Vallier, K., Neoliberalism. In E. N. Zalta & U. Nodelman (Eds.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2022. Available from: https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2022/entries/neoliberalism/
    [17] Bonnett, M., Environmental Consciousness, Sustainability, and the Character of Philosophy of Education. Stud Philos Educ, 2017, 36(3): 333–347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11217-016-9556-x doi: 10.1007/s11217-016-9556-x
    [18] Aai, S.Y. and Abdul Rahim, S.S. Greening STEM: A Theoretical Exploration for the Malaysian Context. Journal of International and Comparative Education, 2021, 10: 19–32. https://doi.org/10.14425/jice.2021.10.1.1205 doi: 10.14425/jice.2021.10.1.1205
    [19] Ribeiro, S. and Soromenho-Marques, V., The Techno-Optimists of Climate Change: Science Communication or Technowashing? Societies, 2022, 12(2): 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc12020064 doi: 10.3390/soc12020064
    [20] Oreskes, N. and Conway, E.M., Merchants of Doubt: How a Handful of Scientists Obscured the Truth on Issues from Tobacco Smoke to Climate Change (Reprint edition). Bloomsbury Publishing. 2011.
    [21] Supran, G. and Oreskes, N., Assessing ExxonMobil's climate change communications (1977–2014). Environmental Research Letters, 2017, 12(8): 084019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aa815f
    [22] Kopnina, H., Education for sustainable development (ESD): The turn away from 'environment' in environmental education? Environmental Education Research, 2012, 18(5): 699–717. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2012.658028 doi: 10.1080/13504622.2012.658028
    [23] Kopnina, H., Education for Sustainable Development Goals (ESDG): What Is Wrong with ESDGs, and What Can We Do Better? Education Sciences, 2020, 10: 261. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci10100261 doi: 10.3390/educsci10100261
    [24] Megura, M. and Gunderson, R., Better poison is the cure? Critically examining fossil fuel companies, climate change framing, and corporate sustainability reports. Energy Research & Social Science, 2022, 85: 102388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2021.102388 doi: 10.1016/j.erss.2021.102388
    [25] Smith, C. and Watson, J., Does the rise of STEM education mean the demise of sustainability education? Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 2019, 35(1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1017/aee.2018.51 doi: 10.1017/aee.2018.51
    [26] Gumbo, M.T., The Leapfrogging Effect of "Modern" Technology on Indigenous Technology: A Need to Transform Technology Education. In M. T. Gumbo & P. J. Williams (Eds.), Indigenous Technology Knowledge Systems: Decolonizing the Technology Education Curriculum, 2023, 3–17. Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1396-1_1
    [27] Nikolakaki, M., The Hope of Critical Pedagogy in the New Dark Ages of Neoliberal Globalization and Imperialism. Journal for Critical Education Policy Studies (JCEPS), 2022, 18(1): 299–334.
    [28] Kring, E., Spaces of appearance: Intergenerational and interspecies relations in the Anthropocene, Diss. Department of Child and Youth Studies, Stockholm University, 2020.
    [29] De Lissovoy, N., Capitalism, Pedagogy, and the Politics of Being. Bloomsbury Publishing. 2022.
    [30] Kostoulas-Makrakis, N., Bridging STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) Education with Education for Sustainability. Innovating STEM Education: Increased Engagement and Best Practices, 2022,173–182.
    [31] Pavlova, M., Indigenous Technologies: What Is There for 'Green' Technology Education? In Indigenous Technology Knowledge Systems, 2023,297–314. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-1396-1_19
    [32] Fleming, P., "Never Let a Good Crisis Go to Waste": How Consulting Firms Are Using COVID-19 as a Pretext to Transform Universities and Business School Education. Academy of Management Learning & Education, 2023, 22(3): 425–438. https://doi.org/10.5465/amle.2022.0217
    [33] Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2025 (p. 292). Ministry of Education. 2012. Available from: https://www.moe.gov.my/menumedia/media-cetak/penerbitan/dasar/1207-malaysia-education-blueprint-2013-2025/file
    [34] Balakrishnan, P., Race, Politics, and Geography of the Malaysian Education System: An Imaginary Piece on How Comparative and International Education Can Benefit Malaysia. Annual Review of Comparative and International Education 2019, 2020, 61–67. Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-367920200000039009
    [35] Chew, F., Literacy among the Secondary Schools Students in Malaysia. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 2013,546–550. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJSSH.2012.V2.168 doi: 10.7763/IJSSH.2012.V2.168
    [36] Perera, L.D.H. and Asadullah, M.N., Mind the gap: What explains Malaysia's underperformance in Pisa? International Journal of Educational Development, 2019, 65: 254–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2018.08.010 doi: 10.1016/j.ijedudev.2018.08.010
    [37] Shakar, S.A. and Aslam, M., Foreign Direct Investment, Human Capital and Economic Growth in Malaysia. Journal of Economic Cooperation and Development. 2015. Available from: from: https://openurl.ebsco.com/contentitem/gcd: 120539222?sid = ebsco: plink: crawler & id = ebsco: gcd: 120539222
    [38] Moten, A.R., The 14th General Elections in Malaysia: Ethnicity, Party Polarization, and the End of the Dominant Party System. Asian Survey, 2019, 59(3): 500–520.
    [39] Lee, H.A., Mixed Signals: Malaysia's 2018 Federal Budget and Education. Perspective: ISEAS Yusof Ishak Institute, 2017.
    [40] Lee, H.A., Malaysia's Transformasi Nasional 2050 Brings Bold New Style, but to What End? Yusof Ishak Institute, 2017.
    [41] Abdul Razak, D., Vision 2020 – where we went wrong. theSundaily. 2019. Available from: https://www.thesundaily.my/opinion/vision-2020-where-we-went-wrong-DA1839720
    [42] Hamid, A.F.A. and Jaharudin, M.H.Z., Islamic education in Malaysia: Between neoliberalism and political priorities in light of the Malaysia Education Blueprint 2013-2015. Policies and Politics in Malaysian Education: Education Reforms, Nationalism and Neoliberalism, London and New York: Routledge, 2018, 31–53.
    [43] Balakrishnan, P., ESD in Malaysia: Challenges and Strategies. In R. Iyengar, C.T. Kwauk (Eds.) Curriculum and Learning for Climate Action, 2021,261–275. Available from: https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/52533/1/9789004471818.pdf#page = 294
    [44] Montessori, N.M., Farrelly, M. and Mulderrig, J., (Introducing Critical Policy Discourse Analysis. In Critical Policy Discourse Analysis, 2019, 1–22. Edward Elgar. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788974967
    [45] Fairclough, N., Critical discourse analysis. In J. P. Gee & M. Handford (Eds.), The routledge handbook of discourse analysis, 2nd ed., 2023, 11–22. Routledge.
    [46] Ball, S.J., What is policy? 21 years later: reflections on the possibilities of policy research. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 2015, 36(3): 306–313. https://doi.org/10.1080/01596306.2015.1015279 doi: 10.1080/01596306.2015.1015279
    [47] Montessori, N.M., Critical Policy discourse analysis. In J. P. Gee & M. Handford (Eds.), The routledge handbook of discourse analysis, 2nd ed., 2023,610–624. Routledge.
    [48] Anderson, K.T. and Holloway, J., Discourse analysis as theory, method, and epistemology in studies of education policy. Journal of Education Policy, 2020, 35(2): 188–221. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2018.1552992 doi: 10.1080/02680939.2018.1552992
    [49] Woodside-Jiron, H., Language, Power, and Participation: Using Critical Discourse Analysis to Make Sense of Public Policy. An Introduction to Critical Discourse Analysis in Education, 2004,173–205.
    [50] Global competence—PISA. OECE, 2018. Available from: https://www.oecd.org/pisa/innovation/global-competence/
    [51] Sjøberg, S., PISA and the Politics of Science Education. In T. Tajmel, K. Starl, & S. Spintig (Eds.), The human rights-based approach to STEM education, 2021, 81–101. Waxmann.
    [52] Bensaude-Vincent, B. and Loeve, S., Toward a Philosophy of Technosciences, In Loeve, S., Guchet, X., Bensaude Vincent, B. (eds) French Philosophy of Technology. Philosophy of Engineering and Technology, 2018, 29: 169–186. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-89518-5_11
    [53] Fox, N.J., Green capitalism, climate change and the technological fix: A more-than-human assessment. The Sociological Review, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1177/00380261221121232
    [54] Fremstad, A. and Paul, M., Neoliberalism and climate change: How the free-market myth has prevented climate action. Ecological Economics, 2022,197: 107353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107353 doi: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2022.107353
    [55] Rappleye, J., Komatsu, H., Uchida, Y., Krys, K. and Markus, H., 'Better policies for better lives'?: Constructive critique of the OECD's (mis)measure of student well-being. Journal of Education Policy, 2020, 35(2): 258–282. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2019.1576923 doi: 10.1080/02680939.2019.1576923
    [56] Komatsu, H. and Rappleye, J., A PISA Paradox? An Alternative Theory of Learning as a Possible Solution for Variations in PISA Scores. Comparative Education Review, 2017, 61(2): 269–297.
    [57] Silova, I., Rappleye, J. and Komatsu, H., (Measuring What Really Matters: Education and Large-Scale Assessments in the Time of Climate Crisis. ECNU Review of Education, 2019, 2(3): 342–346. https://doi.org/10.1177/2096531119878897 doi: 10.1177/2096531119878897
    [58] Anuar, A.M., Instances of dis/juncture: STEM education and young people's aspirations for development in the Malaysian luar bandar. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2023, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2023.2254210 doi: 10.1080/03057925.2023.2254210
    [59] Peck, J., Geographies of policy: From transfer-diffusion to mobility-mutation. Progress in Human Geography, 2011, 35(6): 773–797. https://doi.org/10.1177/0309132510394010 doi: 10.1177/0309132510394010
    [60] Peck, J., Theodore, N. and Brenner, N., (Neoliberalism Resurgent? Market Rule after the Great Recession. South Atlantic Quarterly, 2012,111(2): 265–288. https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-1548212 doi: 10.1215/00382876-1548212
    [61] Means, A., Hypermodernity, automated uncertainty, and education policy trajectories. Critical Studies in Education, 2019, 62: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1080/17508487.2019.1632912 doi: 10.1080/17508487.2019.1632912
    [62] Auld, E. and Morris, P., PISA, policy and persuasion: Translating complex conditions into education 'best practice'. Comparative Education, 2016, 52(2): 202–229. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2016.1143278 doi: 10.1080/03050068.2016.1143278
    [63] Ruuska, T., The Reproduction of Capitalism in Education: Althusser and the Educational Ideological State Apparatus. The Palgrave International Handbook of Marxism and Education. 2023. Available from: https://www.academia.edu/108977682/The_Reproduction_of_Capitalism_in_Education_Althusser_and_the_Educational_Ideological_State_Apparatus
    [64] Lingard, B., Foreword. In S. Lewis, PISA, Policy and the OECD: Respatialising Global Educational Governance Through PISA for Schools. Springer. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8285-1
    [65] Lewis, S., PISA, Policy and the OECD: Respatialising Global Educational Governance Through PISA for Schools. Springer. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8285-1
    [66] Lewis, S., Governing schooling through 'what works': The OECD's PISA for Schools. Journal of Education Policy, 2017, 32(3): 281–302. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2016.1252855 doi: 10.1080/02680939.2016.1252855
    [67] Auld, E., Rappleye, J. and Morris, P., PISA for Development: How the OECD and World Bank shaped education governance post-2015. Comparative Education, 2019, 55(2): 197–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050068.2018.1538635 doi: 10.1080/03050068.2018.1538635
    [68] Ndulu, B., Stuart, E., Dercon, S. and Knaack, P., Driving Digital Transformation: Lessons from Seven Developing Countries (1st ed.). Oxford University PressOxford. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192872845.001.0001
    [69] Ferreira, J., Unsettling orthodoxies: Education for the environment/for sustainability. Environmental Education Research, 2009, 15(5), 607–620.
    [70] Van Poeck, K. and Lysgaard, J.A., The roots and routes of environmental and sustainability education policy research. Environmental Education Research, 2016, 22(3): 305–318. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2015.1108393 doi: 10.1080/13504622.2015.1108393
    [71] Jickling, B., Why I Don't Want My Children to Be Educated for Sustainable Development. Trumpeter, 1994, 11(3): 114–116.
    [72] Bonnett, M., Sustainability as a frame of mind – and how to develop it. The Trumpeter: Journal of Ecosophy, 2002, 18(1).
    [73] Watson, J. and Smith, C., STEM: Silver Bullet for a Viable Future or Just More Flatland? Journal of Futures Studies, 2018, 22(4). https://doi.org/10.6531/JFS.201806.22(4).0003 doi: 10.6531/JFS.201806.22(4).0003
    [74] Wan, C.D., Sirat, M. and Razak, D.A., Education in Malaysia Towards a Developed Nation. ISEAS Yusof Ishak Institute, 2018, 4(1). https://think-asia.org/handle/11540/8901
    [75] Bunnell, T., WHERE IS THE FUTURE? Geography, Expectation and Experience across Three Decades of Malaysia's Vision 2020. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 2022, 46(5): 885–895. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.13105 doi: 10.1111/1468-2427.13105
    [76] Goh, P.S.C. and Abdul-Wahab, N., Paradigms to Drive Higher Education 4.0. International Journal of Learning, Teaching and Educational Research, 2020, 19(1): 159–171.
    [77] Estévez, A., Globalisation isn't dead, it's just shed its slick cover story. The Conversation. 2017. Available from: http://theconversation.com/globalisation-isnt-dead-its-just-shed-its-slick-cover-story-74297
    [78] Bajunid, I., Jasmon, G., Gomez, E.T., Yue-Yi, H., Yap, E., Dzulkifli, D., et al., Reflections on the State and Future of Malaysia's Education. In M. Samuel, M.Y. Tee, & L.P. Symaco (Eds.), Education in Malaysia: Developments and Challenges, 2017,155–173. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4427-4_10
    [79] Eski, Y., We, the Planet-Eating People: The Anthropocene Extinction and Omnicide. In Y. Eski (Ed.), A Criminology of the Human Species: Setting an Unsettling Tone, 2023, 39–53. Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36092-3_4
    [80] Pedersen, H., Education, anthropocentrism, and interspecies sustainability: Confronting institutional anxieties in omnicidal times. Ethics and Education, 2021, 16(2): 164–177. https://doi.org/10.1080/17449642.2021.1896639 doi: 10.1080/17449642.2021.1896639
    [81] Nordtveit, B.H., Pedagogical Content and Political Control: Education for Omnicide? Comparative Education Review, 2023, 67(1): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1086/723491 doi: 10.1086/723491
    [82] Costa, C.A. and Loureiro, C.F., Critical Environmental Education, Marxism and Environmental Conflicts: Some Contributions in the Light of Latin America. In R. Hall, I. Accioly, & K. Szadkowski (Eds.), The Palgrave International Handbook of Marxism and Education, 2023,317–332. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-37252-0_17
    [83] Stickney, J. and Bonnett, M., 'Emplaced Transcendence' as Ecologising Education in Michael Bonnett's Environmental Philosophy. Journal of Philosophy of Education, 2020, 54(4): 1087–1096. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9752.12476 doi: 10.1111/1467-9752.12476
    [84] Ontong, K. and Le Grange, L., The Role of Place-based Education in Developing Sustainability as a Frame of Mind | Southern African Journal of Environmental Education. Southern African Journal of Environmental Education, 2014, 30(1): 27–38.
    [85] Kopnina, H., Indigenous Rights and Ecological Justice in Amazonia: Exploring Ethics of Wilderness Conservation. International Journal of Wilderness, 2019, 25(1): 76–89.
    [86] Ontong, K. and Le Grange, L., Exploring sustainability as a frame of mind: A multiple case study. SAJE, 2018, 38(Supplement 2): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v38ns2a1459 doi: 10.15700/saje.v38ns2a1459
    [87] Crossley, M., Policy transfer, context sensitivity, and epistemic justice: Commentary and overview. Educational Research and Evaluation, 2022, 27(3–4): 357–363. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803611.2022.2041876
    [88] Misawa, K., Rationality environmentalised (with and beyond Michael Bonnett). Environmental Education Research, 2022, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2022.2067324
    [89] Evans, S., Stability in the heart of chaos; (Un)sustainable refrains in the language of climate crisis. The Journal of Environmental Education, 2024, 55(1): 26–37. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2023.2259845 doi: 10.1080/00958964.2023.2259845
  • Author's biography Aai Sheau Yean is a PhD candidate with the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Technology under University of Malaya. Her interests lie in the way sustainability education gets translated into action from policy to practice, and the various ways it gets infused with different ideologies along the way; Dr. Suzieleez Syrene Abdul Rahim is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Mathematics and Science Education from Faculty of Education, Universiti Malaya. She specialises in mathematics education and is most keen on research areas involving assessment, pedagogy, teachers' beliefs, qualitative research, and teacher development; Dr. Umi Kalsum Binti Mohd Salleh is a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Curriculum and Instructional Technology from the Faculty of Education, University of Malaya. She specialises in the area of history in education, teacher education, and on the research technique of Multivariate
    Reader Comments
  • © 2024 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Metrics

Article views(846) PDF downloads(61) Cited by(0)

Article outline

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return
Return

Catalog