Listeria monocytogenes is a concern in seafood and its food processing environment (FPE). Several outbreaks globally have been linked to various types of seafood. Genetic profiling of L. monocytogenes is valuable to track bacterial contamination throughout the FPE and in understanding persistence mechanisms, with limited studies from South Africa. Forty-six L. monocytogenes isolates from origins: Fish/seafood products (n = 32) (salmon, smoked trout, fresh hake, oysters), the FPE (n = 6), and clinical (n = 8) were included in this study. Lineage typing, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and screening for two genes (bcrABC and emrC) conferring sanitizer tolerance was conducted. The seafood and FPE isolates originated from seven different factories processing various seafood products with undetermined origin. All clinical isolates were categorized as lineage I, and seafood and FPE isolates were mostly categorized into lineage II (p < 0.01). Seafood and FPE isolates (53%) carried the bcrABC gene cassette and one fish isolate, the emrC gene. A subset, n = 24, was grouped into serotypes, sequence types (STs), and clonal complexes (CCs) with whole genome sequencing (WGS). Eight CCs and ten STs were identified. All clinical isolates belonged to serogroup 4b, hypervirulent CC1. CC121 was the most prevalent in isolates from food and the FPE. All isolates carried Listeria pathogenicity islands (LIPI) 1 and 2. LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 were found in certain isolates. We identified genetic determinants linked to enhanced survival in the FPE, including stress survival islets (SSI) and genes conferring tolerance to sanitizers. SSI-1 was found in 44% isolates from seafood and the FPE. SSI-2 was found in all the ST121 seafood isolates. Isolates (42%) harbored transposon Tn1688_qac (ermC), conferring tolerance to quaternary ammonium compounds. Five plasmids were identified in 13 isolates from seafood and the FPE. This is the first One Health study reporting on L. monocytogenes genetic diversity, virulence and resistance profiles from various types of seafood and its FPE in South Africa.
Citation: Karlene Lambrechts, Pieter Gouws, Diane Rip. Genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes from seafood products, its processing environment, and clinical origin in the Western Cape, South Africa using whole genome sequencing[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2024, 10(3): 608-643. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2024029
Listeria monocytogenes is a concern in seafood and its food processing environment (FPE). Several outbreaks globally have been linked to various types of seafood. Genetic profiling of L. monocytogenes is valuable to track bacterial contamination throughout the FPE and in understanding persistence mechanisms, with limited studies from South Africa. Forty-six L. monocytogenes isolates from origins: Fish/seafood products (n = 32) (salmon, smoked trout, fresh hake, oysters), the FPE (n = 6), and clinical (n = 8) were included in this study. Lineage typing, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and screening for two genes (bcrABC and emrC) conferring sanitizer tolerance was conducted. The seafood and FPE isolates originated from seven different factories processing various seafood products with undetermined origin. All clinical isolates were categorized as lineage I, and seafood and FPE isolates were mostly categorized into lineage II (p < 0.01). Seafood and FPE isolates (53%) carried the bcrABC gene cassette and one fish isolate, the emrC gene. A subset, n = 24, was grouped into serotypes, sequence types (STs), and clonal complexes (CCs) with whole genome sequencing (WGS). Eight CCs and ten STs were identified. All clinical isolates belonged to serogroup 4b, hypervirulent CC1. CC121 was the most prevalent in isolates from food and the FPE. All isolates carried Listeria pathogenicity islands (LIPI) 1 and 2. LIPI-3 and LIPI-4 were found in certain isolates. We identified genetic determinants linked to enhanced survival in the FPE, including stress survival islets (SSI) and genes conferring tolerance to sanitizers. SSI-1 was found in 44% isolates from seafood and the FPE. SSI-2 was found in all the ST121 seafood isolates. Isolates (42%) harbored transposon Tn1688_qac (ermC), conferring tolerance to quaternary ammonium compounds. Five plasmids were identified in 13 isolates from seafood and the FPE. This is the first One Health study reporting on L. monocytogenes genetic diversity, virulence and resistance profiles from various types of seafood and its FPE in South Africa.
| [1] |
Jami M, Ghanbari M, Zunabovic M, et al. (2014) Listeria monocytogenes in aquatic food products-A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 13: 798-813. https://doi.org/10.1111/1541-4337.12092 
|
| [2] | Batt CA (2014) Listeria: Introduction. Encycl Food Microbiol Second Ed 2: 466-469. |
| [3] |
Leong D, Alvarez-Ordóñez A, Jordan K (2014) Monitoring occurrence and persistence of Listeria monocytogenes in foods and food processing environments in the Republic of Ireland. Front Microbiol 5: 436. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2014.00436
|
| [4] |
Chen BY, Wang CY, Wang CL, et al. (2016) Prevalence and persistence of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat tilapia sashimi processing plants. J Food Prot 79: 1898-1903. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-16-149
|
| [5] |
Wagner E, Fagerlund A, Thalguter S, et al. (2022) Deciphering the virulence potential of Listeria monocytogenes in the Norwegian meat and salmon processing industry by combining whole genome sequencing and in vitro data. Int J Food Microbiol 383: 109962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109962
|
| [6] |
Batt CA (2014) Listeria: Listeria monocytogenes. Encyclopedia of Food Microbiology.Academic Press 490-493. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-384730-0.00191-9
|
| [7] |
Abdollahzadeh E, Ojagh SM, Hosseini H, et al. (2016) Prevalence and molecular characterization of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes isolated from fish, shrimp, and cooked ready-to-eat (RTE) aquatic products in Iran. LWT 73: 205-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.06.020
|
| [8] |
Kathariou S (2002) Listeria monocytogenes virulence and pathogenicity, a food safety perspective. J Food Prot 65: 1811-1829. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.11.1811
|
| [9] |
Matle I, Mbatha KR, Madoroba E (2020) A review of Listeria monocytogenes from meat and meat products: Epidemiology, virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance and diagnosis. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 87: 1-20. https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v87i1.1869
|
| [10] |
Orsi RH, den Bakker HC, Wiedmann M (2011) Listeria monocytogenes lineages: Genomics, evolution, ecology, and phenotypic characteristics. Int J Med Microbiol 301: 79-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmm.2010.05.002
|
| [11] |
Rip D, Gouws PA (2020) PCR–restriction fragment length polymorphism and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from ready-to-eat foods, the food processing environment, and clinical samples in South Africa. J Food Prot 83: 518-533. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-19-301
|
| [12] |
Kaszoni-Rückerl I, Mustedanagic A, Muri-Klinger S, et al. (2020) Predominance of distinct Listeria innocua and Listeria monocytogenes in recurrent contamination events at dairy processing facilities. Microorganisms 8: 234. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8020234
|
| [13] |
Lotfollahi L, Chaharbalesh A, Ahangarzadeh Rezaee M, et al. (2017) Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and multiplex PCR-serotyping of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from humans, foods and livestock in Iran. Microb Pathog 107: 425-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2017.04.029
|
| [14] |
Alvarez-Molina A, Cobo-Díaz JF, López M, et al. (2021) Unraveling the emergence and population diversity of Listeria monocytogenes in a newly built meat facility through whole genome sequencing. Int J Food Microbiol 340: 109043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109043
|
| [15] |
Camejo A, Carvalho F, Reis O, et al. (2011) The arsenal of virulence factors deployed by Listeria monocytogenes to promote its cell infection cycle. Virulence 2: 379-394. https://doi.org/10.4161/viru.2.5.17703
|
| [16] |
Hernandez-Milian A, Payeras-Cifre A (2014) What is new in listeriosis?. Biomed Res Int 2014: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/358051
|
| [17] | EFSA.The European Union One Health 2020 Zoonoses Report. EFSA J (2021) 19:. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6971 |
| [18] |
Keet R, Rip D (2021) Listeria monocytogenes isolates from Western Cape, South Africa exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotics and contradicts certain global resistance patterns. AIMS Microbiol 7: 40-58. https://doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2021004
|
| [19] |
Basha KA, Kumar NR, Das V, et al. (2019) Prevalence, molecular characterization, genetic heterogeneity and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes associated with fish and fishery environment in Kerala, India. Lett Appl Microbiol 69: 286-293. https://doi.org/10.1111/lam.13205
|
| [20] |
Jamali H, Paydar M, Ismail S, et al. (2015) Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulotyping of Listeria species and Listeria monocytogenes isolated from open-air fish markets. BMC Microbiol 15: 144. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-015-0476-7
|
| [21] |
Abdollahzadeh E, Ojagh SM, Hosseini H, et al. (2016) Antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from seafood and humans in Iran. Microb Pathog 100: 70-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2016.09.012
|
| [22] |
Matle I, Pierneef R, Mbatha KR, et al. (2019) Genomic diversity of common sequence types of listeria monocytogenes isolated from ready-to-eat products of animal origin in South Africa. Genes (Basel) 10: 1007. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes10121007
|
| [23] |
Wieczorek K, Osek J (2017) Prevalence, genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from fresh and smoked fish in Poland. Food Microbiol 64: 164-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2016.12.022
|
| [24] |
Palaiodimou L, Fanning S, Fox EM (2021) Genomic insights into persistence of Listeria species in the food processing environment. J Appl Microbiol 131: 2082-2094. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.15089
|
| [25] |
Mullapudi S, Siletzky RM, Kathariou S (2008) Heavy-metal and benzalkonium chloride resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from the environment of turkey-processing plants. Appl Environ Microbiol 74: 1464-1468. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02426-07
|
| [26] |
Kropac AC, Eshwar AK, Stephan R, et al. (2019) New Insights on the role of the plmst6 plasmid in Listeria monocytogenes biocide tolerance and virulence. Front Microbiol 10: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01538
|
| [27] |
Elhanafi D, Dutta V, Kathariou S (2010) Genetic characterization of plasmid-associated benzalkonium chloride resistance determinants in a Listeria monocytogenes strain from the 1998-1999 Outbreak. Appl Environ Microbiol 76: 8231-8238. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02056-10
|
| [28] |
Tezel U, Pavlostathis SG (2015) Quaternary ammonium disinfectants: microbial adaptation, degradation and ecology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 33: 296-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2015.03.018
|
| [29] |
Møretrø T, Schirmer BCT, Heir E, et al. (2017) Tolerance to quaternary ammonium compound disinfectants may enhance growth of Listeria monocytogenes in the food industry. Int J Food Microbiol 241: 215-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.10.025
|
| [30] |
Kremer PHC, Lees JA, Koopmans MM, et al. (2017) Benzalkonium tolerance genes and outcome in Listeria monocytogenes meningitis. Clin Microbiol Infect 23: 265.e1-265.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmi.2016.12.008
|
| [31] |
Daeschel D, Pettengill JB, Wang Y, et al. (2022) Genomic analysis of Listeria monocytogenes from US food processing environments reveals a high prevalence of QAC efflux genes but limited evidence of their contribution to environmental persistence. BMC Genomics 23: 488. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-022-08695-2
|
| [32] |
Harrand AS, Jagadeesan B, Baert L, et al. (2020) Evolution of Listeria monocytogenes in a food processing plant involves limited single-nucleotide substitutions but considerable diversification by gain and loss of prophages. Appl Environ Microbiol 86: e02493-19. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02493-19
|
| [33] |
Hilliard A, Leong D, O'Callaghan A, et al. (2018) Genomic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolates associated with clinical listeriosis and the food production environment in Ireland. Genes (Basel) 9: 171. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9030171
|
| [34] |
Vilchis-Rangel RE, Espinoza-Mellado M del R, Salinas-Jaramillo IJ, et al. (2019) Association of Listeria monocytogenes LIPI-1 and LIPI-3 marker llsX with invasiveness. Curr Microbiol 76: 637-643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-019-01671-2
|
| [35] |
Lachtara B, Osek J, Wieczorek K (2021) Molecular typing of Listeria monocytogenes ivb serogroup isolated from food and food production environments in poland. Pathogens 10: 482. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040482
|
| [36] |
Guidi F, Chiaverini A, Repetto A, et al. (2021) Hyper-virulent Listeria monocytogenes strains associated with respiratory infections in central Italy. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 11: 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.765540
|
| [37] |
Maury MM, Tsai Y, Charlier C, et al. (2016) Uncovering Listeria monocytogenes hypervirulence by harnessing its biodiversity. Nat Genet 48: 308-313. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3501
|
| [38] |
Wieczorek K, Bomba A, Osek J (2020) Whole-genome sequencing-based characterization of Listeria monocytogenes from fish and fish production environments in Poland. Int J Mol Sci 21: 9419. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249419
|
| [39] |
Wagner E, Zaiser A, Leitner R, et al. (2020) Virulence characterization and comparative genomics of Listeria monocytogenes sequence type 155 strains. BMC Genomics 21: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-07263-w
|
| [40] |
Harter E, Wagner EM, Zaiser A, et al. (2017) Stress survival islet 2, predominantly present in Listeria monocytogenes strains of sequence type 121, is involved in the alkaline and oxidative stress responses. Appl Environ Microbiol 83. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.00827-17
|
| [41] |
Ryan S, Begley M, Hill C, et al. (2010) A five-gene stress survival islet (SSI-1) that contributes to the growth of Listeria monocytogenes in suboptimal conditions. J Appl Microbiol 109: 984-995. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04726.x
|
| [42] |
Lakicevic BZ, Den Besten HMW, De Biase D (2022) Landscape of stress response and virulence genes among Listeria monocytogenes strains. Front Microbiol 12: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.738470
|
| [43] |
Toledo V, den Bakker H, Hormazábal J, et al. (2018) Genomic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from clinical and non-clinical samples in Chile. Genes (Basel) 9: 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes9080396
|
| [44] |
Allerberger F (2003) Listeria: Growth, phenotypic differentiation and molecular microbiology. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol 35: 183-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0928-8244(02)00447-9
|
| [45] |
Hyden P, Pietzka A, Lennkh A, et al. (2016) Whole genome sequence-based serogrouping of Listeria monocytogenes isolates. J Biotechnol 235: 181-186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiotec.2016.06.005
|
| [46] |
Bouymajane A, Rhazi Filali F, Oulghazi S, et al. (2021) Occurrence, antimicrobial resistance, serotyping and virulence genes of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from foods. Heliyon 7: e06169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06169
|
| [47] |
Seidl K, Leimer N, Palheiros Marques M, et al. (2015) Clonality and antimicrobial susceptibility of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at the University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland between 2012 and 2014. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 14: 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12941-015-0075-3
|
| [48] |
Enright MC, Day NPJ, Davies CE, et al. (2000) Multilocus sequence typing for characterization of methicillin-resistant and methicillin-susceptible clones of Staphylococcus aureus. J Clin Microbiol 38: 1008-1015. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.38.3.1008-1015.2000
|
| [49] |
Enright MC, Robinson DA, Randle G, et al. (2002) The evolutionary history of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Proc Natl Acad Sci 99: 7687-7692. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.122108599
|
| [50] |
Blais BW, Phillippe LM (1993) A simple RNA probe system for analysis of Listeria monocytogenes polymerase chain reaction products. Appl Environ Microbiol 59: 2795-2800. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.59.9.2795-2800.1993
|
| [51] | EUCASTAntimicrobial susceptibility testing EUCAST disk diffusion method (2023). Available from: https://www.eucast.org/fileadmin/src/media/PDFs/EUCAST_files/Disk_test_documents/2023_manuals/Manual_v_11.0_EUCAST_Disk_Test_2023.pdf |
| [52] |
Varsaki A, Ortiz S, Santorum P, et al. (2022) Prevalence and population diversity of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from dairy cattle farms in the cantabria region of Spain. Animals (Basel) 12: 2477.
|
| [53] | EUCASTEuropean Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Breakpoint tables for interpretation of MICs and zone diameters (2022). Version 12.0. Available from: http://www.eucast.org |
| [54] |
Chen BY, Pyla R, Kim TJ, et al. (2010) Antibiotic resistance in Listeria species isolated from catfish fillets and processing environment. Lett Appl Microbiol 50: 626-632. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.2010.02843.x
|
| [55] |
Noll M, Kleta S, Al Dahouk S (2018) Antibiotic susceptibility of 259 Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from food, food-processing plants and human samples in Germany. J Infect Public Health 11: 572-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2017.12.007
|
| [56] |
Maćkiw E, Modzelewska M, Mąka Ł, et al. (2016) Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from ready-to-eat products in Poland in 2007–2011. Food Control 59: 7-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.05.011
|
| [57] |
Wiggins GL, Albritton WL, Feeley JC (1978) Antibiotic susceptibility of clinical isolates of Listeria monocytogenes. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 13: 854-860. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.13.5.854
|
| [58] |
Larsen M V, Cosentino S, Rasmussen S, et al. (2012) Multilocus sequence typing of total-genome-sequenced bacteria. J Clin Microbiol 50: 1355-1361. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.06094-11
|
| [59] |
Bartual SG, Seifert H, Hippler C, et al. (2005) Development of a multilocus sequence typing scheme for characterization of clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. J Clin Microbiol 43: 4382-4390. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.9.4382-4390.2005
|
| [60] |
Griffiths D, Fawley W, Kachrimanidou M, et al. (2010) Multilocus sequence typing of Clostridium difficile. J Clin Microbiol 48: 770-778. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01796-09
|
| [61] |
Lemee L, Dhalluin A, Pestel-Caron M, et al. (2004) Multilocus sequence typing analysis of human and animal Clostridium difficile isolates of various toxigenic types. J Clin Microbiol 42: 2609-2617. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.42.6.2609-2617.2004
|
| [62] |
Wirth T, Falush D, Lan R, et al. (2006) Sex and virulence in Escherichia coli: an evolutionary perspective. Mol Microbiol 60: 1136-1151. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05172.x
|
| [63] |
Jaureguy F, Landraud L, Passet V, et al. (2008) Phylogenetic and genomic diversity of human bacteremic Escherichia coli strains. BMC Genomics 9: 560. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-9-560
|
| [64] |
Camacho C, Coulouris G, Avagyan V, et al. (2009) BLAST+: architecture and applications. BMC Bioinformatics 10: 421. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2105-10-421
|
| [65] |
Moura A, Criscuolo A, Pouseele H, et al. (2016) Whole genome-based population biology and epidemiological surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes. Nat Microbiol 2: 16185. https://doi.org/10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.185
|
| [66] |
Joensen KG, Scheutz F, Lund O, et al. (2014) Real-time whole-genome sequencing for routine typing, surveillance, and outbreak detection of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli. J Clin Microbiol 52: 1501-1510. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.03617-13
|
| [67] |
Malberg Tetzschner AM, Johnson JR, Johnston BD, et al. (2020) In silico genotyping of Escherichia coli isolates for extraintestinal virulence genes by use of whole-genome sequencing data. J Clin Microbiol 58: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01269-20
|
| [68] |
Carattoli A, Zankari E, García-Fernández A, et al. (2014) In silico detection and typing of plasmids using plasmidfinder and plasmid multilocus sequence typing. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 58: 3895-3903. https://doi.org/10.1128/AAC.02412-14
|
| [69] |
Bortolaia V, Kaas RS, Ruppe E, et al. (2020) ResFinder 4.0 for predictions of phenotypes from genotypes. J Antimicrob Chemother 75: 3491-3500. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa345
|
| [70] |
Zankari E, Allesøe R, Joensen KG, et al. (2017) PointFinder: a novel web tool for WGS-based detection of antimicrobial resistance associated with chromosomal point mutations in bacterial pathogens. J Antimicrob Chemother 72: 2764-2768. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkx217
|
| [71] |
Cossart P, Vicente MF, Mengaud J, et al. (1989) Listeriolysin O is essential for virulence of Listeria monocytogenes: direct evidence obtained by gene complementation. Infect Immun 57: 3629-3636. https://doi.org/10.1128/iai.57.11.3629-3636.1989
|
| [72] | Forsythe SJ (2010) The microbiology of safe food. Chichester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell Pub. |
| [73] |
Maury MM, Bracq-Dieye H, Huang L, et al. (2019) Hypervirulent Listeria monocytogenes clones' adaption to mammalian gut accounts for their association with dairy products. Nat Commun 10: 2488. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-019-10380-0
|
| [74] |
Fagerlund A, Wagner E, Møretrø T, et al. (2022) Pervasive Listeria monocytogenes is common in the norwegian food system and is associated with increased prevalence of stress survival and resistance determinants. Appl Environ Microbiol 88: e0086122. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.00861-22
|
| [75] |
Lee DY, Ha JH, Lee MK, et al. (2017) Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotyping of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from ready-to-eat seafood and food processing environments in Korea. Food Sci Biotechnol 26: 287-291. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10068-017-0038-x
|
| [76] |
Miettinen H, Wirtanen G (2005) Prevalence and location of Listeria monocytogenes in farmed rainbow trout. Int J Food Microbiol 104: 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.01.013
|
| [77] |
Painset A, Björkman JT, Kiil K, et al. (2019) LiSEQ–whole-genome sequencing of a cross-sectional survey of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods and human clinical cases in Europe. Microb Genomics 5: e000257. https://doi.org/10.1099/mgen.0.000257
|
| [78] |
Pontello M, Guaita A, Sala G, et al. (2012) Listeria monocytogenes serotypes in human infections (Italy, 2000–2010). Ann Ist Super Sanita 48: 146-150. https://doi.org/10.4415/ANN_12_02_07
|
| [79] |
Fagerlund A, Idland L, Heir E, et al. (2022) Whole-genome sequencing analysis of Listeria monocytogenes from Rural, Urban, and farm environments in Norway: genetic diversity, persistence, and relation to clinical and food isolates. Appl Environ Microbiol 88: e0213621. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.02136-21
|
| [80] |
Fonnesbech Vogel B, Huss HH, Ojeniyi B, et al. (2001) Elucidation of Listeria monocytogenes Contamination Routes in Cold-Smoked Salmon Processing Plants Detected by DNA-Based Typing Methods. Appl Environ Microbiol 67: 2586-2595. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.67.6.2586-2595.2001
|
| [81] |
Chen BY, Pyla R, Kim TJ, et al. (2010) Prevalence and contamination patterns of Listeria monocytogenes in catfish processing environment and fresh fillets. Food Microbiol 27: 645-652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2010.02.007
|
| [82] |
Rørvik LM, Aase B, Alvestad T, et al. (2000) Molecular epidemiological survey of Listeria monocytogenes in Seafood and Seafood-Processing Plants. Appl Environ Microbiol 66: 4779-4784. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.11.4779-4784.2000
|
| [83] |
Miettinen H, Wirtanen G (2006) Ecology of Listeria spp. in a fish farm and molecular typing of Listeria monocytogenes from fish farming and processing companies. Int J Food Microbiol 112: 138-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2006.06.016
|
| [84] |
Pagadala S, Parveen S, Rippen T, et al. (2012) Prevalence, characterization and sources of Listeria monocytogenes in blue crab (Callinectus sapidus) meat and blue crab processing plants. Food Microbiol 31: 263-270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2012.03.015
|
| [85] |
Johansson T, Rantala L, Palmu L, et al. (1999) Occurrence and typing of Listeria monocytogenes strains in retail vacuum-packed fish products and in a production plant. Int J Food Microbiol 47: 111-119. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1605(99)00019-7
|
| [86] |
Palma F, Brauge T, Radomski N, et al. (2020) Dynamics of mobile genetic elements of Listeria monocytogenes persisting in ready-to-eat seafood processing plants in France. BMC Genomics 21: 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-6544-x
|
| [87] |
Leong D, Alvarez-Ordonez A, Zaouali S, et al. (2015) Examination of Listeria monocytogenes in seafood processing facilities and smoked salmon in the Republic of Ireland. J Food Prot 78: 2184-2190. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-15-233
|
| [88] | Mahgoub SA, Elbahnasawy AAF, Abdelfattah HI, et al. (2022) Identification of non-Listeria and presence of Listeria in processing line production of cold-smoked salmon. Egypt J Chem 65: 241-250. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejchem.2021.102791.4762 |
| [89] |
Osman KM, Kappell AD, Fox EM, et al. (2020) Prevalence, pathogenicity, virulence, antibiotic resistance, and phylogenetic analysis of biofilmproducing Listeria monocytogenes isolated from different ecological niches in Egypt: Food, humans, animals, and environment. Pathogens 9: 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9010005
|
| [90] |
Müller A, Rychli K, Zaiser A, et al. (2014) The Listeria monocytogenes transposon Tn6188 provides increased tolerance to various quaternary ammonium compounds and ethidium bromide. FEMS Microbiol Lett 361: 166-173. https://doi.org/10.1111/1574-6968.12626
|
| [91] |
Cooper AL, Carrillo CD, DeschêNes M, et al. (2021) Genomic markers for quaternary ammonium compound resistance as a persistence indicator for Listeria monocytogenes contamination in food manufacturing environments. J Food Prot 84: 389-398. https://doi.org/10.4315/JFP-20-328
|
| [92] |
Hurley D, Luque-Sastre L, Parker CT, et al. (2019) Whole-genome sequencing-based characterization of 100 Listeria monocytogenes isolates collected from food processing environments over a four-year period. mSphere 4: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1128/msphere.00252-19
|
| [93] |
Chmielowska C, Korsak D, Szuplewska M, et al. (2021) Benzalkonium chloride and heavy metal resistance profiles of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from fish, fish products and food-producing factories in Poland. Food Microbiol 98: 103756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2021.103756
|
| [94] |
Müller A, Rychli K, Muhterem-Uyar M, et al. (2013) Tn6188-a novel transposon in Listeria monocytogenes responsible for tolerance to benzalkonium chloride. PLoS One 8: e76835. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0076835
|
| [95] | Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang P, et al. (2021) Genomic characterization of clinical Listeria monocytogenes isolates in Beijing, China. Front Microbiol 12: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.751003 |
| [96] |
Datta AR, Burall LS (2018) Serotype to genotype: The changing landscape of listeriosis outbreak investigations. Food Microbiol 75: 18-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2017.06.013
|
| [97] |
Holch A, Webb K, Lukjancenko O, et al. (2013) Genome sequencing identifies two nearly unchanged strains of persistent Listeria monocytogenes isolated at two different fish processing plants sampled 6 years apart. Appl Environ Microbiol 79: 2944-2951. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03715-12
|
| [98] |
Maury MM, Tsai YH, Charlier C, et al. (2016) Uncovering Listeria monocytogenes hypervirulence by harnessing its biodiversity. Nat Genet 48: 308-313. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3501
|
| [99] |
Myintzaw P, Pennone V, McAuliffe O, et al. (2023) Association of virulence, biofilm, and antimicrobial resistance genes with specific clonal complex types of Listeria monocytogenes. Microorganisms 11: 1603. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11061603
|
| [100] | Fox EM, Allnutt T, Bradbury MI, et al. (2016) Comparative genomics of the Listeria monocytogenes ST204 subgroup. Front Microbiol 7: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02057 |
| [101] |
Pasquali F, Palma F, Guillier L, et al. (2018) Listeria monocytogenes sequence types 121 and 14 repeatedly isolated within one year of sampling in a rabbit meat processing plant: Persistence and ecophysiology. Front Microbiol 9: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00596
|
| [102] | Cheng Y, Dong Q, Liu Y, et al. (2022) Systematic review of Listeria monocytogenes from food and clinical samples in Chinese mainland from 2010 to 2019. Food Qual Saf 6: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1093/fqsafe/fyac021 |
| [103] |
Wang H, Luo L, Zhang Z, et al. (2018) Prevalence and molecular characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked products and its comparison with isolates from listeriosis cases. Front Med 12: 104-112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11684-017-0593-9
|
| [104] |
Ariza-Miguel J, Fernández-Natal MI, Soriano F, et al. (2015) Molecular epidemiology of invasive listeriosis due to Listeria monocytogenes in a Spanish Hospital over a nine-year study period, 2006–2014. Biomed Res Int 2015: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/191409
|
| [105] |
Chenal-Francisque V, Lopez J, Cantinelli T, et al. (2011) Worldwide distribution of major clones of Listeria monocytogenes. Emerg Infect Dis 17: 1110-1112. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1706.101778
|
| [106] |
Bespalova TY, Mikhaleva T V, Meshcheryakova NY, et al. (2021) Novel sequence types of Listeria monocytogenes of different origin obtained in the Republic of Serbia. Microorganisms 9: 1289. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9061289
|
| [107] |
Parisi A, Latorre L, Normanno G, et al. (2010) Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism and Multi-Locus Sequence Typing for high-resolution genotyping of Listeria monocytogenes from foods and the environment. Food Microbiol 27: 101-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2009.09.001
|
| [108] |
Sosnowski M, Lachtara B, Wieczorek K, et al. (2019) Antimicrobial resistance and genotypic characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from food in Poland. Int J Food Microbiol 289: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.08.029
|
| [109] |
Wagner M, Slaghuis J, Göbel W, et al. (2021) Virulence pattern analysis of three Listeria monocytogenes lineage i epidemic strains with distinct outbreak histories. Microorganisms 9: 1745. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9081745
|
| [110] |
Dalton CB, Austin CC, Sobel J, et al. (1997) An outbreak of gastroenteritis and fever due to Listeria monocytogenes in milk. N Engl J Med 336: 100-106. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199701093360204
|
| [111] | Xu J, Wu S, Liu M, et al. (2023) Prevalence and contamination patterns of Listeria monocytogenes in Pleurotus eryngii (king oyster mushroom) production plants. Front Microbiol 14: 2944-2951. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1064575 |
| [112] |
Zhang X, Niu Y, Liu Y, et al. (2019) Isolation and characterization of clinical Listeria monocytogenes in Beijing, China, 2014–2016. Front Microbiol 10: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00981
|
| [113] |
Lomonaco S, Verghese B, Gerner-Smidt P, et al. (2013) Novel epidemic clones of Listeria monocytogenes, United States, 2011. Emerg Infect Dis 19: 147-150. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1901.121167
|
| [114] |
Bergholz TM, Shah MK, Burall LS, et al. (2018) Genomic and phenotypic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes clonal complexes associated with human listeriosis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 102: 3475-3485. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-018-8852-5
|
| [115] |
Smith AM, Tau NP, Smouse SL, et al. (2019) Outbreak of Listeria monocytogenes in South Africa, 2017-2018: Laboratory activities and experiences associated with whole-genome sequencing analysis of isolates. Foodborne Pathog Dis 16: 524-530. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2018.2586
|
| [116] |
Halbedel S, Prager R, Fuchs S, et al. (2018) Whole-genome sequencing of recent Listeria monocytogenes isolates from Germany reveals population structure and disease clusters. J Clin Microbiol 56: e00119-18. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.00119-18
|
| [117] |
Papić B, Golob M, Kušar D, et al. (2019) Source tracking on a dairy farm reveals a high occurrence of subclinical mastitis due to hypervirulent Listeria monocytogenes clonal complexes. J Appl Microbiol 127: 1349-1361. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.14418
|
| [118] |
Matle I, Mafuna T, Madoroba E, et al. (2020) Population structure of Non-ST6 Listeria monocytogenes isolated in the red meat and poultry value chain in South Africa. Microorganisms 8: 1152. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8081152
|
| [119] |
Mafuna T, Matle I, Magwedere K, et al. (2021) Whole genome-based characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolates recovered from the food chain in South Africa. Front Microbiol 12: 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.669287
|
| [120] |
Zhang H, Chen W, Wang J, et al. (2020) 10-year molecular surveillance of Listeria monocytogenes using whole-genome sequencing in Shanghai, China, 2009–2019. Front Microbiol 11: 551020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.551020
|
| [121] |
Yan S, Li M, Luque-Sastre L, et al. (2019) Susceptibility (re)-testing of a large collection of Listeria monocytogenes from foods in China from 2012 to 2015 and WGS characterization of resistant isolates. J Antimicrob Chemother 74: 1786-1794. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkz126
|
| [122] |
Chen M, Cheng J, Zhang J, et al. (2019) Isolation, potential virulence, and population diversity of Listeria monocytogenes from meat and meat products in China. Front Microbiol 10: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.00946
|
| [123] |
Schiavano GF, Ateba CN, Petruzzelli A, et al. (2021) Whole-genome sequencing characterization of virulence profiles of Listeria monocytogenes food and human isolates and in vitro adhesion/invasion assessment. Microorganisms 10: 62. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10010062
|
| [124] |
Li W, Bai L, Fu P, et al. (2018) The epidemiology of Listeria monocytogenes in China. Foodborne Pathog Dis 15: 459-466. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2017.2409
|
| [125] |
Parra-Flores J, Holý O, Bustamante F, et al. (2022) Virulence and antibiotic resistance genes in Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from ready-to-eat foods in Chile. Front Microbiol 12: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.796040
|
| [126] |
Schmitz-Esser S, Anast JM, Cortes BW (2021) A large-scale sequencing-based survey of plasmids in Listeria monocytogenes reveals global dissemination of plasmids. Front Microbiol 12: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.653155
|
| [127] |
García-Vela S, Ben Said L, Soltani S, et al. (2023) Targeting enterococci with antimicrobial activity against Clostridium perfringens from Poultry. Antibiotics 12: 231. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020231
|
| [128] |
Hashimoto Y, Suzuki M, Kobayashi S, et al. (2023) Enterococcal linear plasmids adapt to Enterococcus faecium and spread within multidrug-resistant clades. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 67: e0161922. https://doi.org/10.1128/aac.01619-22
|
| [129] |
Centorotola G, Ziba MW, Cornacchia A, et al. (2023) Listeria monocytogenes in ready to eat meat products from Zambia: phenotypical and genomic characterization of isolates. Front Microbiol 14: 1228726. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1228726
|
| [130] |
Kuenne C, Voget S, Pischimarov J, et al. (2010) Comparative analysis of plasmids in the genus Listeria. PLoS One 5: e12511. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012511
|
| [131] |
Hingston P, Brenner T, Truelstrup Hansen L, et al. (2019) Comparative analysis of Listeria monocytogenes plasmids and expression levels of plasmid-encoded genes during growth under salt and acid stress conditions. Toxins (Basel) 11: 426. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11070426
|
| [132] |
Gilmour MW, Graham M, Van Domselaar G, et al. (2010) High-throughput genome sequencing of two Listeria monocytogenes clinical isolates during a large foodborne outbreak. BMC Genomics 11: 120. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-11-120
|
| [133] |
Zhou M, Li Q, Yu S, et al. (2023) Co-proliferation of antimicrobial resistance genes in tilapia farming ponds associated with use of antimicrobials. Sci Total Environ 887: 164046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164046
|
| [134] |
Schwan CL, Lomonaco S, Bastos LM, et al. (2021) Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance profiles in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica strains isolated from cambodian informal markets. Front Microbiol 12: 711472. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.711472
|
| [135] |
Lou Y, Liu H, Zhang Z, et al. (2016) Mismatch between antimicrobial resistance phenotype and genotype of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from seafood. Food Control 59: 207-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.04.039
|
| [136] |
Neuert S, Nair S, Day MR, et al. (2018) Prediction of phenotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles from whole genome sequences of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica. Front Microbiol 9: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00592
|
| [137] |
Deekshit VK, Kumar BK, Rai P, et al. (2012) Detection of class 1 integrons in Salmonella Weltevreden and silent antibiotic resistance genes in some seafood-associated nontyphoidal isolates of Salmonella in south-west coast of India. J Appl Microbiol 112: 1113-1122. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05290.x
|
| [138] |
Liu X, Chen W, Fang Z, et al. (2022) Persistence of Listeria monocytogenes ST5 in Ready-to-Eat Food Processing Environment. Foods 11: 2561. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11172561
|
| [139] |
Pöntinen A, Aalto-Araneda M, Lindström M, et al. (2017) Heat resistance mediated by pLM58 plasmid-borne ClpL in Listeria monocytogenes. mSphere 2: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00364-17
|
| [140] |
Lungu B, O'Bryan CA, Muthaiyan A, et al. (2011) Listeria monocytogenes: antibiotic resistance in food production. Foodborne Pathog Dis 8: 569-578. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpd.2010.071
|
| [141] |
Kapoor G, Saigal S, Elongavan A (2017) Action and resistance mechanisms of antibiotics: A guide for clinicians. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol 33: 300. https://doi.org/10.4103/joacp.JOACP_349_15
|
| [142] |
Munoz-Lopez M, Garcia-Perez J (2010) DNA Transposons: Nature and applications in genomics. Curr Genomics 11: 115-128. https://doi.org/10.2174/138920210790886871
|
| [143] |
Sévellec Y, Torresi M, Félix B, et al. (2020) First report on the finding of Listeria monocytogenes ST121 strain in a dolphin brain. Pathogens 9: 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9100802
|
| [144] |
Zuber I, Lakicevic B, Pietzka A, et al. (2019) Molecular characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from a small-scale meat processor in Montenegro, 2011–2014. Food Microbiol 79: 116-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2018.12.005
|
| [145] |
Manso B, Melero B, Stessl B, et al. (2019) Characterization of virulence and persistence abilities of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from food processing premises. J Food Prot 82: 1922-1930. https://doi.org/10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-19-109
|
| [146] |
Ebner R, Stephan R, Althaus D, et al. (2015) Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes strains isolated during 2011–2014 from different food matrices in Switzerland. Food Control 57: 321-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.04.030
|
| [147] |
Kurpas M, Osek J, Moura A, et al. (2020) Genomic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from ready-to-eat meat and meat processing environments in Poland. Front Microbiol 11: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.01412
|
| [148] |
Koopmans MM, Bijlsma MW, Brouwer MC, et al. (2017) Listeria monocytogenes meningitis in the Netherlands, 1985–2014: A nationwide surveillance study. J Infect 75: 12-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2017.04.004
|
| [149] |
Piet J, Kieran J, Dara L, et al. (2016) Listeria monocytogenes in food: Control by monitoring the food processing environment. African J Microbiol Res 10: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR2015.7832
|
 microbiol-10-03-029-s001.pdf |
 |
Figures(7) / Tables(2)
Karlene Lambrechts, Pieter Gouws, Diane Rip. Genetic diversity of Listeria monocytogenes from seafood products, its processing environment, and clinical origin in the Western Cape, South Africa using whole genome sequencing[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2024, 10(3): 608-643. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2024029
DownLoad: