Intestinal colonization against <i>Vibrio cholerae</i>: host and microbial resistance mechanisms

Abdullahi Yusuf Muhammad; Malik Amonov; Chandrika Murugaiah; Atif Amin Baig; Marina Yusoff; Abdullahi Yusuf Muhammad; Malik Amonov; Chandrika Murugaiah; Atif Amin Baig; Marina Yusoff

doi:10.3934/microbiol.2023019

AIMS Microbiology

2023, Volume 9, Issue 2: 346-374. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2023019

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Review Special Issues

Intestinal colonization against Vibrio cholerae: host and microbial resistance mechanisms

1.
Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia
2.
Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia
3.
University Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Pakistan

Received: 08 January 2023 Revised: 22 March 2023 Accepted: 27 March 2023 Published: 13 April 2023

Vibrio cholerae is a non-invasive enteric pathogen known to cause a major public health problem called cholera. The pathogen inhabits the aquatic environment while outside the human host, it is transmitted into the host easily through ingesting contaminated food and water containing the vibrios, thus causing diarrhoea and vomiting. V. cholerae must resist several layers of colonization resistance mechanisms derived from the host or the gut commensals to successfully survive, grow, and colonize the distal intestinal epithelium, thus causing an infection. The colonization resistance mechanisms derived from the host are not specific to V. cholerae but to all invading pathogens. However, some of the gut commensal-derived colonization resistance may be more specific to the pathogen, making it more challenging to overcome. Consequently, the pathogen has evolved well-coordinated mechanisms that sense and utilize the anti-colonization factors to modulate events that promote its survival and colonization in the gut. This review is aimed at discussing how V. cholerae interacts and resists both host- and microbe-specific colonization resistance mechanisms to cause infection.
- Vibrio cholerae,
- colonization resistance,
- cholera,
- enteric pathogen,
- cholera susceptibility
Citation: Abdullahi Yusuf Muhammad, Malik Amonov, Chandrika Murugaiah, Atif Amin Baig, Marina Yusoff. Intestinal colonization against Vibrio cholerae: host and microbial resistance mechanisms[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2023, 9(2): 346-374. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2023019

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Abstract

Vibrio cholerae is a non-invasive enteric pathogen known to cause a major public health problem called cholera. The pathogen inhabits the aquatic environment while outside the human host, it is transmitted into the host easily through ingesting contaminated food and water containing the vibrios, thus causing diarrhoea and vomiting. V. cholerae must resist several layers of colonization resistance mechanisms derived from the host or the gut commensals to successfully survive, grow, and colonize the distal intestinal epithelium, thus causing an infection. The colonization resistance mechanisms derived from the host are not specific to V. cholerae but to all invading pathogens. However, some of the gut commensal-derived colonization resistance may be more specific to the pathogen, making it more challenging to overcome. Consequently, the pathogen has evolved well-coordinated mechanisms that sense and utilize the anti-colonization factors to modulate events that promote its survival and colonization in the gut. This review is aimed at discussing how V. cholerae interacts and resists both host- and microbe-specific colonization resistance mechanisms to cause infection.

Acknowledgments

The authors will acknowledge Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Malaysia.

Conflict of interest

All authors declare no competing interests.

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