A combined treatment of Proteinase K and biosynthesized ZnO-NPs for eradication of dairy biofilm of sporeformers

Ahmed A. Radwan; Osama M. Darwesh; Maha T. Emam; Karima A. Mohamed; Hala M. Abu Shady; Ahmed A. Radwan; Osama M. Darwesh; Maha T. Emam; Karima A. Mohamed; Hala M. Abu Shady

doi:10.3934/microbiol.2022033

AIMS Microbiology

2022, Volume 8, Issue 4: 507-527. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2022033

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Research article

A combined treatment of Proteinase K and biosynthesized ZnO-NPs for eradication of dairy biofilm of sporeformers

1.
Genetics and Cytology Dept., National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, 12622, Egypt
2.
Agricultural Microbiology Dept., National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo, 12622, Egypt
3.
Microbiology Dept., Faculty of Science, Ain-Shams University Cairo, Egypt

Received: 11 September 2022 Revised: 24 November 2022 Accepted: 30 November 2022 Published: 19 December 2022

Biofilms of sporeformers found in the dairy industry are the major contaminants during processing, as they withstand heat and chemical treatment that are used to control microbes. The present work is aimed to remove these resistant forms of bacterial community (biofilm) present in dairy production lines using ecofriendly agents based on proteinase K (Prot-K) coupled with Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). Some metal/metal oxide (Ag, CuO and ZnO) NPs were prepared microbially, and ZnO-NPs were characterized as the most effective ones among them. The produced ZnO-NPs were 15–25 nm in size with spherical shape, and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of proteins and alkanes surrounding particles as capping agents. Application of Prot-K for eradication (removal) of a model biofilm of mixed sporeformers on food-grade stainless steel resulted in an 83% reduction in the absorbance of crystal violet-stained biofilm. When Prot-K was mixed with the biosynthesized NPs ZnO_G240, the reduction increased to 99.19%. This finding could contribute to an efficient cleaning approach combined with CIP to remove the recalcitrant biofilms in dairy production lines.
- dairy sporeformers,
- biofilm eradication,
- proteinase K,
- biosynthesized ZnO-NPs
Citation: Ahmed A. Radwan, Osama M. Darwesh, Maha T. Emam, Karima A. Mohamed, Hala M. Abu Shady. A combined treatment of Proteinase K and biosynthesized ZnO-NPs for eradication of dairy biofilm of sporeformers[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2022, 8(4): 507-527. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2022033

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Abstract

Biofilms of sporeformers found in the dairy industry are the major contaminants during processing, as they withstand heat and chemical treatment that are used to control microbes. The present work is aimed to remove these resistant forms of bacterial community (biofilm) present in dairy production lines using ecofriendly agents based on proteinase K (Prot-K) coupled with Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). Some metal/metal oxide (Ag, CuO and ZnO) NPs were prepared microbially, and ZnO-NPs were characterized as the most effective ones among them. The produced ZnO-NPs were 15–25 nm in size with spherical shape, and FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of proteins and alkanes surrounding particles as capping agents. Application of Prot-K for eradication (removal) of a model biofilm of mixed sporeformers on food-grade stainless steel resulted in an 83% reduction in the absorbance of crystal violet-stained biofilm. When Prot-K was mixed with the biosynthesized NPs ZnO_G240, the reduction increased to 99.19%. This finding could contribute to an efficient cleaning approach combined with CIP to remove the recalcitrant biofilms in dairy production lines.

Acknowledgments

This research was derived from a project funded by the National Research Centre (NRC), Egypt, 12^th research plan of the NRC (2019–2022), under contract number (12020217). This study has not received any external funding.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. AAR: methodology, data curation, formal analysis, writing original draft; OMD: methodology, data curation, formal analysis, writing original draft; MTE: methodology; KAM: data curation, formal analysis, supervision; HMA: supervision, data curation, formal analysis. All authors revised and accept the final form of the manuscript.

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