Effect of olive and date palm by-products on rumen methanogenic community in Barki sheep

Alaa Emara Rabee; Khalid Z. Kewan; Hassan M. El Shaer; Mebarek Lamara; Ebrahim A. Sabra; Alaa Emara Rabee; Khalid Z. Kewan; Hassan M. El Shaer; Mebarek Lamara; Ebrahim A. Sabra

doi:10.3934/microbiol.2022003

AIMS Microbiology

2022, Volume 8, Issue 1: 26-41. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2022003

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Effect of olive and date palm by-products on rumen methanogenic community in Barki sheep

1.
Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
2.
Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City, Sadate City, Menoufia, Egypt
3.
Forest Research Institute, University of Quebec in Abitibi-Temiscamingue, Rouyn-Noranda, Canada

Received: 02 December 2021 Revised: 09 January 2022 Accepted: 24 January 2022 Published: 27 January 2022

Rumen methanogens prevent the accumulation of fermentation gases in the rumen and generate methane that increases global warming and represents a loss in animals' gross energy. Non-traditional feed resources such as the by-products of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) and olive (Olea europaea) trees have received attention to be used in animal feeding. This study evaluated the impact of non-traditional feed resources including olive cake (OC), discarded dates (DD), and date palm frond (DPF) in sheep diet on rumen fermentation, diversity and relative abundance of rumen methanogens. Nine adult rams were assigned to three equal groups and fed three diets: traditional concentrates mixture (S1); non-traditional concentrate mixture (S2) based on DD and OC; and (S3) composed of the same S2 concentrate supplemented with DPF as a roughage part. The results showed that rumen pH was higher with S3 diet than the other two diets. However, the S1 diet showed the highest values of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and rumen ammonia. In addition, the proportions of acetic and butyric acids were increased, whereas propionic acid declined in S2 and S3 compared to the S1 diet. Rumen methanogens were dominated by Methanobrevibacter that showed a numeric decline by including DD, OC, and DPF in the animal diets. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on rumen fermentation parameters and relative abundances of methanogens genera showed three distinct clusters. Also, positive and negative correlations were revealed between methanogens genera and rumen metabolites. This study expands the knowledge regarding the effect of agricultural byproducts on rumen fermentation and the methanogenic community.
- sheep rumen,
- methanogenic archaea,
- illumina Mi Seq,
- olive cake,
- discarded dates, date palm fronds
Citation: Alaa Emara Rabee, Khalid Z. Kewan, Hassan M. El Shaer, Mebarek Lamara, Ebrahim A. Sabra. Effect of olive and date palm by-products on rumen methanogenic community in Barki sheep[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2022, 8(1): 26-41. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2022003

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Abstract

Rumen methanogens prevent the accumulation of fermentation gases in the rumen and generate methane that increases global warming and represents a loss in animals' gross energy. Non-traditional feed resources such as the by-products of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) and olive (Olea europaea) trees have received attention to be used in animal feeding. This study evaluated the impact of non-traditional feed resources including olive cake (OC), discarded dates (DD), and date palm frond (DPF) in sheep diet on rumen fermentation, diversity and relative abundance of rumen methanogens. Nine adult rams were assigned to three equal groups and fed three diets: traditional concentrates mixture (S1); non-traditional concentrate mixture (S2) based on DD and OC; and (S3) composed of the same S2 concentrate supplemented with DPF as a roughage part. The results showed that rumen pH was higher with S3 diet than the other two diets. However, the S1 diet showed the highest values of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) and rumen ammonia. In addition, the proportions of acetic and butyric acids were increased, whereas propionic acid declined in S2 and S3 compared to the S1 diet. Rumen methanogens were dominated by Methanobrevibacter that showed a numeric decline by including DD, OC, and DPF in the animal diets. Principal component analysis (PCA) based on rumen fermentation parameters and relative abundances of methanogens genera showed three distinct clusters. Also, positive and negative correlations were revealed between methanogens genera and rumen metabolites. This study expands the knowledge regarding the effect of agricultural byproducts on rumen fermentation and the methanogenic community.

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to staff of Maryout Research Station, Desert Research Center, Egypt. Many thanks to Environmental and Food biotechnology Laboratory, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, University of Sadat City that is funded by Science and Technology Development Fund (STDF), Egypt, for using their instruments.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Author contributions

Alaa Emara Rabee: Designed and performed the study, analyzed the data, prepared and reviewed the manuscript, and approved the final draft. Khalid Z. Kewan: Designed and performed the study, prepared and reviewed the manuscript, and approved the final draft. Ebrahim A. Sabra: Designed and performed the study, prepared and reviewed the manuscript, and approved the final draft. Hassan M. El Shaer: Designed the study, analyzed the data, reviewed drafts of the paper, and approved the final draft. Mebarek Lamara: Designed and performed the study, analyzed the data, prepared and reviewed the manuscript, and approved the final draft.

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