Manuscript Topics

Antimicrobials can have bactericidal and/or bacteriostatic effects by targeting key steps in cellular metabolism such as the synthesis of biological macromolecules, the activity of cellular enzymes, or cellular structures such as the cell wall, cell membranes. The presence of antimicrobial agents in an ecosystem, whether natural or artificial, always has an ecological impact.

Antimicrobials have been present in nature for much longer than their use by humans. The study of interactions between bacteria and other organisms, whether prokaryotes or eukaryotes, is an important source of discovery of new antimicrobials. Ecological knowledge of the production conditions and functions of antimicrobials in an ecosystem is an essential element for the discovery of new antimicrobials and their safe and effective use.

Every year, several thousand tonnes of antimicrobials and their by-products are released into the environment, especially into the aquatic environment. In addition, some antimicrobials are particularly persistent in the environment, which facilitates their diffusion and accumulation in different compartments. This type of molecule has ecological consequences in the natural environment but also in anthropic environments like wastewater treatment plants. The massive presence of antimicrobials in the environment can lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the spread of genetic determinants of resistance.

Chlorine-based treatments are widely used in the production and distribution of drinking water. The survival and regrowth of micro-organisms after chlorine treatment can lead to increased human exposure to waterborne pathogens.
The microbial ecology of the human body and in particular the mouth and gastrointestinal tract is very complex. The use of broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents can lead to (i) proliferation of previously minor components of the microbiota, (ii) colonisation by saprophytic organisms, (iii) colonisation by antimicrobial resistant pathogens, which can increase the risk of disease.

This special issue aims to cover established and updated studies on antimicrobial agents and microbial ecology.
This special issue will welcome contributions related in particular to the following areas.

• Deleterious effects of antimicrobials on human industrial activities (methane fermentation, wastewater treatment, drinking water supply, etc.)
• Deleterious effects of antimicrobials on natural ecosystems (aquatic environments, soils, etc.)
• Post-antibiotic infectious diseases
• Development of antibiotic resistant bacteria and spread of genetic determinants of resistance
• Application of microbial ecology to antimicrobial discovery
• Bio-based antimicrobial agents

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