Empirical likelihood based heteroscedasticity diagnostics for varying coefficient partially nonlinear models

1.   Introduction

Set theory is a crucial concept for the study of fundamental mathematics. In classical set theory, however, a set is determined solely by its elements. That is, the concept of a set is exact. For example, the set of even integers is exact because every integer is either odd or even. Nevertheless, In our daily lives, we encounter various problems involving inaccuracies. As an example, young men are imprecision because we can not classify all youngsters into two different classes: young men and older men. Thus the youngsters are not exact but a vague concept. The classic set requires precision for all mathematics. For this reason, imprecision is essential to computer scientists, mathematicians, and philosophers interested in the problems of containing uncertainty. There exist many theories to deal with imprecisions, such as vague set theory, probability theory, intuitionistic FS, and interval mathematics; these theories have their merits and demerits.

Zadeh ^[61] invented the concept of an FS, which was the first successful response to vagueness. In this approach, the sets are established by partial membership, apart from the classical set, where exact membership is required. It can cope with issues containing ambiguities and resolve DM problems, which are frequently proper techniques for characterizing ambiguity, but this theory its own set of problems, as discussed in ^[33].

It was in 1999 that Molodtsov ^[33] introduced a new mathematical approach for dealing with imprecision. This new approach is known as SST, which is devoid of difficulties occurring in existing theories. SST has more comprehensive practical applications. SST's first practical applications were presented by Maji et al. ^[30,31], and they also defined several operations and made a theoretical study on SST. Ali et al. ^[1] provided some new SS operations and refined the notion of a SS complement. It is common for SST parameters to be vague words. To solve these problems, A FSS is defined by Maji et al. ^[32] as an amalgamation of SS and FS. Real-world DM problems can be solved with FSS. A problem-solving method is proposed based on FSS theory was discussed by Roy and Maji in ^[40], an interval-valued FSS is presented by Yang et al. in ^[58], and a DM problem is investigated using the interval-valued FSS. In a recent study, Bhardwaj et al. ^[6] described an advanced uncertainty measure that was based on FSS, as well as the application of this measure to DM problems. More applications of a SS and FS can be found in ^[12,13,51]

RST, proposed by Pawlak in 1982 ^[37] is another mathematical approaches to deal with problems that contains imprecision. RST is a typical method to deal with imprecision. It is not a replacement for classical set theory, Like FST, but rather an integrated part of it. No extra or preliminary data knowledge is required for RST, like statistical probability, which is the advantage of RST. RST has found many useful applications. Particularly in the areas of collecting data and artificial intelligence, DM. The RS technique looks to be of fundamental relevance to cognitive sciences ^[37,38]. It appears fundamental to knowledge creation from databases, pattern recognition, inductive reasoning, and expert systems. Pawlak's RST is based on partition or equivalence relation. Due to the fact that it can only handle entire data, such a partition has limitations for many applications. To handle these problems, the equivalence relation is replaced by similarity relations, tolerance relations, neighborhood systems, general binary relations, and others. ST, FS, and RST were merged by Feng et al. ^[15]. ^[2,41] examines the RSS and SRS, The SBr and knowledge bases approximation of RS was discussed by Li et al. ^[26]. SRFS and SFRS were discussed by Meng et al. ^[34], novel FRS models are presented by Zhang et al. ^[63] and applied to MCGDM, using picture FS and RS theory Sahu et al. ^[49] present a career selection method for students, a built-in FUCOM-Rough SAW supplier selection model is presented by Durmić et al. ^[9]. Dominance Based Rough Set Theory was used by Sharma et al. in their recent study ^[50] to select criteria and make hotel decisions, and A rough-MABAC-DoE-based metamodel for iron and steel supplier selection was developed by Chattopadhyay et al. ^[7], Fariha et al. ^[15] presented A novel decision making method based on rough fuzzy information. Multi-criteria decision-making methods under soft rough fuzzy knowledge were discussed by Akram et al. ^[5]. An application of generalized intuitionistic fuzzy soft sets to renewable energy source selection was discussed by Khan et al. ^[22]. FS and RS are combined in^[8], Xu et al. ^[54] discussed FRS model over dual universes. Some generalization of FSs and soft sets along with their applications can be seen in ^[21,35,36]

The original RS model depended on a single equivalence relation. In many actual circumstances, when dealing with data with multiple granulations, this might be problematic. Aiming to deal with these problems, Qian et al. ^[39] presented an MGRS model to approximate the subset of a universe with respect to multi-equivalence relations instead of single-equivalence relations. It establishes a new study direction in RS in the multi-granulation model. The MGRS has attracted a substantial number of scholars from all over the world who have considerably contributed to its development and applications. Depending on the specific ordered and tolerance relations, Xu et al. ^[56] discussed two types of MGRSs, ^[57] incorporates a reference to FMGRS, Multi-granulation rough set from the crisp to the fuzzy case was defined by Yang et al. ^[60]. Ali et al. ^[3] described improved types of dominance-based MGRS and its applications in conflict analysis problems, Two new MGRS types were introduced by Xu et al. ^[55], Neighborhood-based MGRS was discussed by Lin, et al. ^[27], Liu et al. ^[28] discuss regarding MGCRS. According to Kumar et al., ^[20] an optimistic MGRS-based classification for medical diagnostics had been proposed. Huang et al. ^[19] defined intuitionistic FMGRSs by combining the concepts of MGRS and intuitionistic FS.

There are numerous practical problems, including disease symptoms and drugs used in disease diagnosis, comprise a diverse universe of objects. The original rough set model deals with the problems that arise in one universe of objects. In order to solve the problems with the rough set that exist in the single universe of objects, Regarding the development of the relationship between the single-universe and dual universe models, Liu ^[24], Yan et al. ^[59] introduced a generalised RS model over dual universes of objects rather than a single universe of objects. Ma and Sun ^[29], developed the probabilistic RS across dual universes to quantify knowledge uncertainty, The graded RS model over dual universes and its characteristics were described by Liu et al. ^[25], the reduction of an information system using an SBr-based approximation of a set across dual universes was presented by Shabir et al. ^[42], a dual universe FRS based on interval data is presented by Zhang et al. ^[62], Wu et al. ^[53] developed the FR approximation of a set across dual universes, MGRS was presented over dual universes of objects by Sun et al. ^[44]. MGRS over dual universe is a well-organized framework for addressing a variety of DM problems. Moreover, it has grown in popularity among experts in multiple decision problems, attracts a wide range of theoretical and empirical studies. Zhang et al. ^[64] presented PFMGRS over dual universes and how it may be used in mergers and acquisitions. A decision-theoretic RS over dual universes based on MGFs for DMs and three-way GDMs was described by Sun et al. ^[45,46]. Din et al. ^[10] recently presented the PMGRFS over dual universes. Further applications in GDM of MG over dual universes can be found in ^[47,48]. For steam turbine fault diagnosis, Zhang et al. ^[65] presented the FMGRS over two universes, and Tan et al. ^[52] demonstrated decision-making with MGRS over two universes and granulation selection.

The concept of MGRS was introduced by Qian et al. in ^[39] through the utilization of multiple equivalence relations $rho i$ on a $mathfrakU$ universe. Sun et al. ^[44], replace multi equivalence relations $\rho_{i},$ by general binary relation $\rho_{i}$ universal $\mathfrak{U}\times \mathfrak{V},$ it was the more general from MG, also discussed OMRGRS and PMGRS over dual universes. On the other hands, Shabir et al. ^[11,43], generalized these notions of MGRS and replace relations by SBr on $\mathfrak{U}\times \mathfrak{V}.$ It was a very interesting generalization of multigranulation roughness, but there was an issue that it does not hold some properties like the lower approximation not contained in upper approximation. Secondly, the roughness of the crisp set and the result we got two soft sets. The question is how to rank an object. We suggest multigranulation roughness of a fuzzy set to address this query. Because of the above study, we present a novel optimistic MGR of an FS over dual universes.

The major contribution of this study is:

● We extend the notion of MGRS to MGR of FS based on SBrs over two universes to approximate an FS $\mu\in F(\mathfrak{V})$ by using the aftersets of SBr and approximate an FS $\gamma\in F(\mathfrak{U})$ by using foresets of SBrs. After that, we look into certain algebraic aspects of our suggested model.

● The Accuracy measure are discussed to measure the exactness or roughness of the proposed MGRFS model.

● Two algorithms are defined for discission-making and discuss an example from an applications point of view.

The remaining of the article is organised as follows. The fundamental idea of FS, Pawlak RS, MGRSs, SBr, and FSS is recalled in Section 2. The optimistic multi-granulation roughness of a fuzzy set over dual universes by two soft binary relation, as well as its fundamental algebraic features and examples, are presented in Section 3. The optimistic multi-granulation roughness of a fuzzy set over two universes by multi soft binary relations is presented in Section 4 along with some of their fundamental algebraic features. The accuracy measurements for the presented optimistic multigranulation fuzzy soft set are shown in Section 5. We concentrate on algorithms and a few real-world examples of decision-making problems in Section 6. Finally, we conclude the paper in Section 7.

2.   Preliminaries

Basic concepts for the FS, RS, MGRS, SS, SBR, and FSS are presented in this section; these concepts will all be used in later sections.

Definition 2.1. ^[61] The set $\{{(\mathfrak{w}, \mu(\mathfrak{w})):}$ For each ${\mathfrak{w}\in \mathfrak{W} }\}$ is called fuzzy set in $\mathfrak{W},$ where $\mu:\mathfrak{W}\rightarrow [0, 1],$ where $\mathfrak{W}\neq\emptyset$ A membership function $\mu:\mathfrak{W}\rightarrow [0, 1]$ is called as a FS, where $\mathfrak{W}\neq\emptyset$ set of objects. Let $\mu$ and $\mu_{1}$ be two FS in $\mathfrak{W}.$ Then $\mu\leq\mu_{1}$ if $\mu(\mathfrak{w})\leq \mu_{1}(\mathfrak{w}),$ for all $\mathfrak{w}\in \mathfrak{W}.$ Moreover, $\mu = \mu_{1}$ if $\mu\leq\mu_{1}$ and $\mu\geq\mu_{1}.$ If $\mu(\mathfrak{w}) = 1$ for all $\mathfrak{w}\in \mathfrak{W},$ then the $\mu$ is called a whole FS in $\mathfrak{W}.$ The null FS and whole FS are usually denoted by $0$ and $1$ respectively.

Definition 2.2. ^[61] The intersection and union of two fuzzy sets $\mu$ and $\gamma$ in $\mathfrak{W}$ are defined as follows:

for all $\mathfrak{w}\in \mathfrak{W}.$ Where $\wedge$ and $\vee$ mean minimum andmaximum respectively.

Definition 2.3. ^[61] The set $\mu_{\alpha} = \{\mathfrak{w}\in \mathfrak{W}: \mu(\mathfrak{w})\geq\alpha\}$ is known as the $\alpha-cut$ of a FS $\mu$ in $\mathfrak{W}.$ Where $1\geq \alpha\geq 0.$

Example 2.1. Let $\mathfrak{U} = \{u_{1}, u_{2}, u_{3}, u_{4}, u_{5}\},$ and the membership mapping $\mu:\mathfrak{U}\rightarrow [0, 1]$ defined by $\mu = \frac{0.5}{u_{1}}+ \frac{0.2}{u_{2}}+\frac{0.1}{u_{3}}+\frac{0.7}{u_{4}}+\frac{1}{u_{5}}$ is called the FS in $\mathfrak{U}.$

Let $\alpha = 0.3$. Then the set $\mu_{\alpha} = \{\mathfrak{u_{1}, \mathfrak{u_{4}}, \mathfrak{u_{5}}}\}$ is known is $\alpha$-cut or level set of FS $\mu$ in $\mathfrak{U}.$

Definition 2.4. ^[37] The set $\{\mathfrak{w}\in \mathfrak{W} \ |\ [\mathfrak{w}]_{\psi}\subseteq \mathfrak{M}\}$ and $\{\mathfrak{w}\in \mathfrak{W}\ |\ [\mathfrak{w}]_{\psi}\cap \mathfrak{M}\neq \emptyset\}$ is known as the Pawlak lower, and upper approximations for any $\mathfrak{M}\subseteq \mathfrak{W},$ we denoted by $\underline{\psi}(\mathfrak{M})$ and $\overline{\psi}(\mathfrak{M})$ respectively, where $\mathfrak{w}_psi$ is the equivalence class of $\mathfrak{w}$ w.r.t $psi$ and $psi$ is an equivalence relation on $\mathfrak{W}.$ The set $\overline{\psi}(\mathfrak{M})-\underline{\psi}(\mathfrak{M}),$ is called boundary region of $\mathfrak{M}.$ If $BN_{\psi}(\mathfrak{M}) = \emptyset$ then we say that $\mathfrak{M}$ is definable (exact). Otherwise, $\mathfrak{M}$ is rough with respect to $\psi.$ Define the accuracy measure by $\alpha_{\psi}(\mathfrak{M}) = \frac{|\underline{\psi}(\mathfrak{M})|}{|\overline{\psi}(\mathfrak{M})|}$ and roughness measure by $\alpha_{\psi}(\mathfrak{M}) = 1-\alpha_{\psi}(\mathfrak{M})$ in order to determine how accurate a set $\mathfrak{M}$ is.

Qian et al. ^[39] enlarged the Pawlak RS model into an MGRS model, where the set approximations are establish by multi equivalence relations.

Definition 2.5. ^[39] Let $\hat{\psi}_{1}, \hat{\psi}_{2}, \ldots, \hat{\psi}_{j}$ be $j$ equivalence relations on a universal set $\mathfrak{W}$ and $\mathfrak{M}\subseteq \mathfrak{W}.$ Then the lower approximation and upper approximation of $\mathfrak{M}$ are defined as

Definition 2.6. ^[33] A SS over $\mathfrak{W}$ is defined as a pair $(/psi, A)$ where $/psi$ is a mapping with $\psi:\rightarrow P(\mathfrak{W})$, $\mathfrak{W}\neq\emptyset$ finite set, and $A\subseteq E$(set of parameters).

Definition 2.7. ^[14] A SS $(\psi, A)$ over $\mathfrak{W}\times \mathfrak{W}.$ is called a SBr on $\mathfrak{W},$ and we denoted by $SB_{r}(\mathfrak{W}).$

Example 2.2. Let $\mathfrak{U} = \{\mathfrak{u_{1}, u_{2}, u_{3}, u_{4}, u_{5}}\}$ represents some students and $A = \{e_{1}, e_{e}\}$ is the set of perimeters, where $e_{1}$ represent math and $e_{2}$ represent computer. Then the mapping $\psi:A\rightarrow P(\mathfrak{U})$ defined by $\psi(e_{1}) = \{\mathfrak{u_{1}, u_{4}}, u_{5}\}$ and $\psi(e_{2}) = \{\mathfrak{u_{2}, u_{3}, u_{4}}\},$ is called soft set over $\mathfrak{U}.$

Li et al. ^[23] present the notion of SBr in a more general form and define a GSBr from $\mathfrak{W}$ to $\mathfrak{V}$, as follows.

Definition 2.8. ^[23] If $(\psi, A)$ is a SS over $\mathfrak{W}\times \mathfrak{V},$ that is $\psi:A\rightarrow P(\mathfrak{W}\times \mathfrak{V}),$ then $(\psi, A)$ is said to be a SBr (SB-relation) on $\mathfrak{W}\times \mathfrak{V}.$ and we denoted by $SBr(\mathfrak{W}, \mathfrak{V}).$

Definition 2.9. ^[40] Let $F(\mathfrak{W})$ be the set of all FS on $\mathfrak{W}\neq\emptyset$. Then the pair $(\psi, A)$ is known as FSS over $\mathfrak{W},$ where $A\subseteq E$ (set of parameters) and $\psi:A\rightarrow F(\mathfrak{W}).$

Definition 2.10. ^[40] Let $(\psi_{1}, A), (\psi_{2}, B)$ be two FSS over a common universe, $(\psi_{1}, A)$ is a FS subset of $(\psi_{2}, B)$ if $B\supseteq A$ and $\psi_{1}(e)$ is a FS subset of $\psi_{2}(e)$ for each $e\in A.$ The FSS $(\psi_{1}, A)$ and $(\psi_{2}, B)$ are equal if and only if $(\psi_{1}, A)$ is a FS subset of $(\psi_{2}, B)$ and $(\psi_{2}, B)$ is a FS subset of $(\psi_{1}, A).$

3.   Approximation of a fuzzy set based on two soft binary relations

This section examines the optimistic roughness of an FS utilising two SBr from $\mathfrak{U}$ to $\mathfrak{V}$. We then utilize aftersets and foresets of SBr to approximation an FS of universe $\mathfrak{V}$ in universe $\mathfrak{U}$ and an FS of universe $\mathfrak{U}$ in universe $\mathfrak{V}$, respectively. Because of this, we have two FSS, one for each FS in $\mathfrak{V} (\mathfrak{U})$.

Definition 3.1. Let $\mu$ be a FS in $\mathfrak{V}$ and $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2},$ be SBr over $\mathfrak{U}\times\mathfrak{v}$ The optimistic lower approximation (OLAP) $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}$ and optimistic upper approximation (OUAP) $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu},$ of FS $\mu$ w.r.t aftersets of $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2}$ are defined as:

Where $a\psi_{1}(e) = \{b\in \mathfrak{V}: (a, b)\in \psi_{1}(e)\}, a\psi_{2}(e) = \{b\in \mathfrak{V}: (a, b)\in \psi_{2}(e)\}$ are aftersets of $a$ for $a\in \mathfrak{U}$ and $e\in A.\\ $ Obviously, $(\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}, A)$ and $(\ ^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}, A)$ are two FSS over $\mathfrak{U}.$

Definition 3.2. Let $\gamma$ be a FS in $\mathfrak{U},$ and $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2},$ be SBr over $\mathfrak{U}\times\mathfrak{v}$ The optimistic lower approximation (OLAP) $^{\gamma}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}$ and optimistic upper approximation (OUAP) $^{\gamma}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{o},$ of FS $\gamma$ w.r.t foresets of $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2}$ are defined as:

Where $\psi_{1}(e)b = \{a\in \mathfrak{U}: (a, b)\in \psi_{1}(e)\}, \psi_{2}(e)b = \{a\in \mathfrak{U}: (a, b)\in \psi_{2}(e)\}$ are foresets of $b$ for $b\in \mathfrak{V}$ and $e\in A.$

Obviously, $(\ ^{\gamma}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}, A)$ and $(\ ^{\gamma}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{o}, A)$ are two FSS over $\mathfrak{V}.$

Moreover, $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\lambda}:A\rightarrow F(\mathfrak{U}), ^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\lambda}:A\rightarrow F(\mathfrak{U})$ and $^{\gamma}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}:A\rightarrow F(\mathfrak{V}), ^{\gamma}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{o}:A\rightarrow F(\mathfrak{V})$ and we say $(\mathfrak{U}, \mathfrak{V}, \{\psi_{1}, \psi_{2}\})$ a generalized Soft Approximation Space.

Example 3.1. There are fifteen excellent allrounders who are eligible for the tournament, divided into the Platinum and Diamond categories. A franchise $mathfrakXYZ$ wants to choose one of these players as their finest all-around player, the Platinum Group players are represented by the Set $\mathfrak{U} = \{a_{1}, a_{2}, a_{3}, a_{4}, a_{5}, a_{6}, a_{7}, a_{8}\}$ and the diamond Group players are represented by the Set $\mathfrak{V} = \{b_{1}, b_{2}, b_{3}, b_{4}, b_{5}, b_{6}, b_{7}\}.$ Suppose $A = \{e_{1}, \ e_{2}\}$ is the set of parameters, where $e_{1}$ stands for the batsman and $e_{2}$ for the bowler. Let two distinct coaching teams evaluate and contrast these players based on how they performed in the various leagues they played in throughout the world, from these comparisons, we have,

where $\psi_{1}(e_{1})$ compare the batting performance of players and $\psi_{1}(e_{2})$ compare the bowling performance of players.

where $\psi_{1}(e_{1})$ compare the batting performance of players and $\psi_{1}(e_{2})$ compare the bowling performance of players.

We obtain two SBrs from $\mathfrak{U}$ to $\mathfrak{V}$ from these comparisons. Now the aftersets are

All the players in the diamond group whose batting performance is similar to $a_{i}$ are represented by $a_{i}\psi_{j}(e_{1})$, and all the players in the diamond group whose bowling performance is similar to $a_{i]}$ are represented by $a_{i}\psi_{j}(e_{2})$. And foresets are

All the players in the platinum group whose batting performance is similar to $b_{i}$ are represented by $\psi_{j}(e_{1})b_{i}$, and all the players in the platinum group whose bowling performance is similar to $b_{i}$ are represented by $\psi_{j}(e_{2})b_{i}$.

$\mu(b_{1}) = 0.9, \mu(b_{2}) = 0.8, \mu(b_{3}) = 0.4, \mu(b_{4}) = 0, \mu(b_{5}) = 0.3, \mu(b_{6}) = 0.1, \mu(b_{7}) = 1$ and

$\gamma(a_{1}) = 0.2, \gamma(a_{2}) = 1, \gamma(a_{3}) = 0.5,$ $\gamma(a_{4}) = 0.9, \gamma(a_{5}) = 0.6, \gamma(a_{6}) = 0.7,$ $\gamma(a_{7}) = 0.1, \gamma(a_{8}) = 0.3.$

Therefore the optimistic lower and upper approximations of $\mu$ (with respect to the aftersets of $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2}$) are:

Hence, $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}(e_{i})(a_{i})$ provide the exact degree of the performance of the player $a_{i}$ to $\mu$ as a batsman and bowler and, $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i})(a_{i})$ provide the possible degree of the performance of the player $a_{i}$ to $\mu$ as a batsman and bowler w.r.t aftersets. And the (OLAP) and (OUAP) of $\gamma$ (w.r.t the foresets of $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2}$) are:

Hence, $^{\gamma}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}(e_{i})(b_{i})$ provide the exact degree of the performance of the player $b_{i}$ to $\gamma$ as a batsman and bowler and, $^{\gamma}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{o}(e_{2})(b_{i})$ provide the possible degree of the performance of the player $b_{i}$ to $\gamma$ as a batsman and bowler w.r.t foresets.

The following result demonstrates a relationship between our proposed OMGFRS model and PMGFRS model proposed by Din et al. ^[10], which reflects that the proposed model is entirely different from Din et al's ^[10] approach.

Proposition 3.1. Let $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2},$ be two SBrs $\mathfrak{U}\times\mathfrak{V},$ that is $\psi_{1}:A\rightarrow P(\mathfrak{U}\times \mathfrak{V})$ and $\psi_{2}:A\rightarrow P(\mathfrak{U}\times \mathfrak{V})$ and $\mu \in F(\mathfrak{V}).$ Then the following hold w.r.t the aftersets.

(1) $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}\subseteq \underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{p}^{\mu}$

(2) $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}\subseteq ^{p}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}$

(3) $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{{\mu}^c} = \left(^{p}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}\right)^c$

(4) $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{{\mu}^c} = \left(\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{p}^{\mu}\right)^c$.

Proof. $(1)$ Consider $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}(e)(a) = \wedge\{\mu(b) : b\in a\psi_{1}\cup a\psi_{2}\}\leq \wedge\{\mu(b) : b\in a\psi_{1}\cap a\psi_{2}\} = \underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{p}^{\mu}(e)(a).$ Hence $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}\subseteq \underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{p}^{\mu}.$

$(2)$ Consider $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e)(a) = \vee\{\mu(b) : b\in a\psi_{1}\cap a\psi_{2}\}$$\leq \vee\{\mu(b) : b\in a\psi_{1}\cup a\psi_{2}\} = ^{p}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e)(a).$ Hence $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}\subseteq ^{p}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}.$

$(3)$ Consider $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu^c}(e)(a) = \wedge\{\mu^{c}(b) : b\in a\psi_{1}\cup a\psi_{2}\} = \wedge\{(1-\mu)(b) : b\in a\psi_{1}\cup a\psi_{2}\}$ $= 1-\vee\{\mu^{c}(b) : b\in a\psi_{1}\cup a\psi_{2}\} = (^{p}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e)(a))^c.$ Hence $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu^c} = (^{p}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu})^c.$

$(3)$ Consider $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu^c}(e)(a) = \vee\{\mu^{c}(b) : b\in a\psi_{1}\cap a\psi_{2}\} = \vee\{(1-\mu)(b) : b\in a\psi_{1}\cap a\psi_{2}\}$$= 1-\wedge\{\mu^{c}(b) : b\in a\psi_{1}\cap a\psi_{2}\} = (\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{p}^{\mu}(e)(a))^c.$ Hence $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu^c} = (\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{p}^{\mu})^c.$

Proposition 3.2. Let $\psi_{1},$ and $\psi_{2}$ be SBrs over $\mathfrak{U}\times\mathfrak{V},$ that is $\psi_{1}:A\rightarrow P(\mathfrak{U}\times \mathfrak{V})$ and $\psi_{2}:A\rightarrow P(\mathfrak{U}\times \mathfrak{V})$ and $\gamma \in F(\mathfrak{V}).$ Then the following hold w.r.t the foresets.

(1) $^{\gamma}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}\subseteq ^{\gamma}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{p}$

(2) $^{\gamma}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{o}\subseteq ^{\gamma}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{p}$

(3) $^{\gamma^c}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o} = \left(^{\gamma}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{p}\right)^c$

(4) $^{\gamma^c}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{o} = \left(^{\gamma}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{p}\right)^c$.

Proof. The proof is identical to the Proposition 3.1 proof.

Proposition 3.3. Let $\psi_{1},$ and $\psi_{2}$ be SBrs over $\mathfrak{U}\times\mathfrak{V},$ that is $\psi_{1}:A\rightarrow P(\mathfrak{U}\times \mathfrak{V})$ and $\psi_{2}:A\rightarrow P(\mathfrak{U}\times \mathfrak{V})$ and $\mu \in F(\mathfrak{V}).$ Then the following hold w.r.t the aftersets.

(1) $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}\leq \ \underline{\psi_{1}}^{\mu}\vee\underline{\psi_{2}}^{\mu}$

(2) $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}\leq \overline{\psi_{1}}^{\mu}\wedge\overline{\psi_{2}}^{\mu}$

Proof. $(1)$ Consider, $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}(e)(a) = \wedge\{\mu(b):b\in (a\psi_{1}(e)$$\cup a\psi_{2}(e))\}$$\leq (\wedge\{\mu(b):b\in a\psi_{1}(e)\})\vee(\wedge\{\mu(b):b\in a\psi_{2}(e)\}) = {\underline{\psi_{1}}^{\mu}(e)(a)}\vee{\underline{\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e)(a)}.$ Hence $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}\leq \underline{\psi_{1}}^{\mu}\cup\underline{\psi_{2}}^{\mu}.$

$(2)$ Consider, $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e)(a) = \vee\{\mu(b):b\in (a\psi_{1}(e)\cap a\psi_{2}(e))\}$ $\leq (\vee\{\mu(b):b\in a\psi_{1}(e)\})\wedge(\vee\{\mu(b):b\in a\psi_{2}(e)\})$$= {\overline{\psi_{1}}^{\mu}(e)(a)}\wedge{\overline{\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e)(a)}.$ Hence $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}\leq \overline{\psi_{1}}^{\mu}\cap\overline{\psi_{2}}^{\mu}.$

Proposition 3.4. Let $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2}$ be SBr over $\mathfrak{U}\times\mathfrak{v}$ that is $\psi_{1}:A\rightarrow P(\mathfrak{U}\times \mathfrak{V})$ and $\psi_{2}:A\rightarrow P(\mathfrak{U}\times \mathfrak{V})$ and $\gamma \in F(\mathfrak{V}).$ Then the following hold w.r.t the foresets.

(1) $^{\gamma}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}\leq ^{\gamma}\underline{\psi_{1}}\vee ^{\gamma}\underline{\psi_{2}}$

(2) $^{\gamma}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{o}\leq ^{\gamma}\overline{\psi_{1}}\wedge ^{\gamma}\overline{\psi_{2}}.$

Proof. The proof is identical to the Proposition 3.3 proof.

Here's an example that proves the converse isn't true.

Example 3.2. (Example 3.1 is continued). From Example 3.1, we have the following outcomes.

Hence,

And

Hence,

Proposition 3.5. Let $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2}$ be SBrs over $\mathfrak{U}\times\mathfrak{V},$ that is $\psi_{1}:A\rightarrow P(\mathfrak{U}\times \mathfrak{V})$ and $\psi_{2}:A\rightarrow P(\mathfrak{U}\times \mathfrak{V}).$ Then the following hold.

(1) $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{1} = 1$ for all $e\in A$ if $a\psi_{1}(e)\neq \emptyset$ or $a\psi_{2}(e)\neq \emptyset$

(2) $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{1} = 1$ for all $e\in A$ if $a\psi_{1}(e)\cap a\psi_{2}(e)\neq \emptyset$

(3) $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{0} = 0 = \ ^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{0}$.

Proof. $(1)$ Consider, $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{1}(e)(a) = \wedge\{1(b):b\in a\psi_{1}(e)\cup a\psi_{2}(e)\}$$= \wedge\{1:b\in a\psi_{1}(e)\cup a\psi_{2}(e)\} = 1$ because $u \psi_{1}(e)\neq\emptyset$ or $a\psi_{2}(e)\neq\emptyset.$

$(2)$ Consider, $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{1}(e)(a) = \vee\{1(b):b\in a\psi_{1}(e)\cap a\psi_{2}(e)\}$$= \vee\{1:b\in a\psi_{1}(e)\cap a\psi_{2}(e)\} = 1$ because $a\psi_{1}(e)\cap a\psi_{2}(e)\neq\emptyset.$

$(3)$ Straightforward.

Proposition 3.6. Let $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2}$ be SBrs over $\mathfrak{U}\times\mathfrak{V},$ that is $\psi_{1}:A\rightarrow P(\mathfrak{U}\times \mathfrak{V})$ and $\psi_{2}:A\rightarrow P(\mathfrak{U}\times \mathfrak{V}).$ Then the following hold.

(1) $^{1}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o} = 1$ for all $e\in A$ if $\psi_{1}(e)b\neq \emptyset$ or $\psi_{2}(e)b\neq \emptyset$

(2) $^{1}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{o} = 1$ for all $e\in A$ if $\psi_{1}(e)b\cap\psi_{2}(e)b\neq \emptyset$

(3) $^{0}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o} = 0 = ^{0}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{o}.$

Proof. The proof is identical to the Proposition 3.5 proof.

Proposition 3.7. Let $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2}$ be SBr over $\mathfrak{U}\times\mathfrak{v}$ that is $\psi_{1}:A\rightarrow P(\mathfrak{U}\times \mathfrak{V})$ and $\psi_{2}:A\rightarrow P(\mathfrak{U}\times \mathfrak{V})$ and $\mu, \mu_{1}, \mu_{2}\in F(V).$ Then the following properties for $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{1}}_{o}^{\mu}, \ ^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{1}}^{\mu}$ hold w.r.t the aftersets.

(1) If $\mu_{1}\leq \mu_{2}$ then $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{1}}\leq \underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{2}},$

(2) If $\mu_{1}\leq \mu_{2}$ then $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{1}}\leq\ ^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{2}}$

(3) $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{1}\cap\mu_{2}} = \underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{1}}\cap \underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{2}}$

(4) $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{1}\cup \mu_{2}}\geq \underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{1}}\cup \underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{2}}$

(5) $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{1}\cup \mu_{2}} = \ ^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{1}}\cup\ ^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{2}}$

(6) $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{1}\cap \mu_{2}}\leq\ ^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{1}}\cap\ ^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{2}}$.

Proof. $(1)$ Since $\mu_{1}\leq \mu_{2}$ so $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{1}}(e)(a) = \wedge\{\mu_{1}(b):b\in a\psi_{1}(e)\cup a\psi_{2}(e)\}$$\leq \wedge\{\mu_{2}(b):b\in a\psi_{1}(e)\cup a\psi_{2}(e)\}$$= \underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{2}}(e)(a).$ Hence $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{1}}\leq \underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{2}}.$

$(2)$ Since $\mu_{1}\leq \mu_{2},$ so $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{1}}(e)(a)$$= \vee\{\mu_{1}(b):b\in a\psi_{1}(e)\cap a\psi_{2}(e)\}$$\leq \vee\{\mu_{2}(b):b\in a\psi_{1}(e)\cap a\psi_{2}(e)\} = ^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{2}}(e)(a).$ Hence $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{1}}\leq ^{\mu}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{2}}.$

$(3)$ Consider, $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{1}\cap \mu_{2}}(e)(a) = \wedge\{(\mu_{1}\wedge\mu_{2})(b):b\in a\psi_{1}(e)\cup a\psi_{2}(e)\}$$= \wedge\{\mu_{1}(b)\wedge\mu_{2}(b):b\in a\psi_{1}(e)$$\cup a\psi_{2}(e)\} = (\wedge\{\mu_{1}(b):b\in a\psi_{1}(e)$$\cup a\psi_{2}(e)\})\bigwedge(\wedge\{\mu_{2}(b):b\in a\psi_{1}(e)\cup a\psi_{2}(e)\})$$= (\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{1}}(e)(a))\bigwedge (\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{2}}(e)(a)).$ Hence, $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{1}\cap\mu_{2}} = \underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{1}}$$\cap \underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{2}}.$

$(4)$ Since $\mu_{1}\leq\mu_{1}\vee \mu_{2}$ and $\mu_{2}\leq\mu_{1}\vee \mu_{2}.$ By part (1) $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{1}}\leq\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{1}\cup \mu_{2}}$ and $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{2}}$$\leq\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{1}\cup \mu_{2}}\Rightarrow \underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{1}}$$\cup\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{2}}\leq\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu_{1}\cup \mu_{2}}.$

$(5)$ Consider, $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{1}\cup \mu_{2}}(e)(a) = \vee\{(\mu_{1}\vee\mu_{2})(b):b\in a\psi_{1}(e)$$\cap a\psi_{2}(e)\} = \vee\{\mu_{1}(b)\vee\mu_{2}(b):b\in a\psi_{1}(e)\cap a\psi_{2}(e)\} =$$\{\vee\{\mu_{1}(b):b\in a\psi_{1}(e)\cap a\psi_{2}(e)\}\} \bigvee \{\vee\{\mu_{2}(b):b\in a\psi_{1}(e)\cap a\psi_{2}(e)\}\}$$= \{\ ^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{1}}(e)(a)\}\bigvee \{\ ^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{2}}(e)(a)\}.$ Hence, $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{1}\cup\mu_{2}}$$= \ ^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{1}}\cup\ ^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{2}}.$

$(6)$ Since $\mu_{1}\geq\mu_{1}\wedge \mu_{2}$ and $\mu_{2}\geq\mu_{1}\wedge \mu_{2},$ we have by part (2) $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{1}}\geq\ ^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{1}\cap \mu_{2}}$ and $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{2}}\geq\ ^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{1}\cap \mu_{2}}\ \Rightarrow \ ^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{1}}$$\cap\ ^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{2}}\geq\ ^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu_{1}\cap \mu_{2}}.$

Proposition 3.8. Let $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2}$ be SBr over $\mathfrak{U}\times\mathfrak{V}$ that is $\psi_{1}:A\rightarrow P(\mathfrak{U}\times \mathfrak{V})$ and $\psi_{2}:A\rightarrow P(\mathfrak{U}\times \mathfrak{V})$ and $\gamma, \gamma_{1}, \gamma_{2}\in F(\mathfrak{U}).$ Then the following properties for $^{\gamma}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{1}}, ^{\gamma}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{1}}$ hold w.r.t the foresets

(1) If ${\gamma}_{1}\leq {\gamma}_{2}$ then $^{\gamma_{1}}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}\leq ^{\gamma_{1}}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o},$

(2) If $\gamma_{1}\leq \gamma_{2}$ then $^{\gamma_{1}}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{o}\leq ^{\gamma_{2}}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{o}$

(3) $^{\gamma_{1}\cap \gamma_{2}}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o} = ^{\gamma_{1}}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}\cap ^{\gamma_{2}}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}$

(4) $^{\gamma_{1}\cup \gamma_{2}}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}\geq ^{\gamma_{1}}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}\cup ^{\gamma_{2}}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}$

(5) $^{\gamma_{1}\cup \gamma_{2}}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{o} = ^{\gamma_{1}}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{o}\cup ^{\gamma_{2}}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{o}$

(6) $^{\gamma_{1}\cap \gamma_{2}}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{o}\leq ^{\gamma_{1}}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{o}\cap ^{\gamma_{2}}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{o}$.

Proof. The proof is identical to the Proposition 3.7 proof.

The example that follows shows that, typically, the equivalence does not true to parts (4) and (6) of Propositions 3.7 and 3.8.

Example 3.3. Suppose $\mathfrak{U} = \{a_{1}, a_{2}, a_{3}, a_{4}\}$ and $\mathfrak{V} = \{b_{1}, b_{2}, b_{3}, b_{4}\}$ are universes, $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2}$ are SBrs over $\mathfrak{U}\times\mathfrak{V},$ with the following aftersets:

And foresets are:

Let $\mu_{1}, \mu_{2}, \mu_{1}\cup\mu_{2}, \mu_{1}\cap\mu_{2} \in F(\mathfrak{V})$ be defined as follows:

And $\gamma_{1}, \gamma_{2}, \gamma_{1}\cup\gamma_{2}, \gamma_{1}\cap\gamma_{2} \in F(\mathfrak{U})$ are defined as follows:

Then,

And

Hence,

And

The level set or $\alpha$-cut of the lower approximation $\underline{\psi {1}+\psi {2}} {o}^{\mu}(e)$ and upper approximation $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e).$ rea defined in the following definitions. Definitions 3.1 and 3.2 represent approximations as pairs of FSS. We can describe the lower approximation $(\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}(e))_{\alpha}$ and upper approximation $(\ ^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e))_{\alpha},$ if we associate the FS's $\alpha$ cut.

Definition 3.3. Let $\mathfrak{U}$ and $\mathfrak{V}$ be two non-empty universal sets, and $\mu\in F(\mathfrak{V}).$ Let $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2}$ be SBrs over $\mathfrak{U}\times\mathfrak{V}$. For any $1\geq \alpha > 0,$ the level set for $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}$ and $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}$ of $\mu$ are defined, respectively as follows:

Definition 3.4. Let $\mathfrak{U}$ and $\mathfrak{V}$ be two non-empty universal aets, and $\gamma\in F(\mathfrak{U}).$ Let $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2}$ be SBr over $\mathfrak{U}\times\mathfrak{v}$. For any $1\geq\beta > 0,$ the level set for $^{\gamma}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}$ and $^{\gamma}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{o}$ of $\mu$ are defined, respectively as follows:

Proposition 3.9. Let $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2}$ be SBrs over $\mathfrak{U}\times\mathfrak{V},$ $\mu\in F(\mathfrak{V})$ and $1\geq\alpha > 0.$ Then, the following properties hold w.r.t aftersets:

(1) $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{(\mu_{\alpha})}(e) = (\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}(e))_{\alpha}$

(2) $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{(\mu_{\alpha})}(e) = (^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e))_{\alpha}$.

Proof. $(1)$ Let $\mu\in F(\mathfrak{V})$ and $1\geq\alpha > 0.$ For the crisp set $\mu_{\alpha},$ we have

$(2)$ Let $\mu\in F(\mathfrak{V})$ and $1\geq \alpha > 0.$ For the crisp set $\mu_{\alpha},$ we have

Proposition 3.10. Let $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2}$ be SBrs over $\mathfrak{U}\times\mathfrak{V},$ $\gamma\in F(\mathfrak{U})$ and $1\geq\alpha > 0.$ Then, the following properties hold w.r.t foresets:

(1) $^{(\gamma_{\alpha})}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}(e) = (^{\gamma}\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}(e))_{\alpha}$

(2) $^{(\gamma_{\alpha})}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{o}(e) = (^{(\gamma}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{o}(e))_{\alpha}$.

Proof. The proof is identical to the Proposition 3.9 proof.

4.   Approximation of a fuzzy set based on multi-soft binary relations

The notion of optimistic multigranulation roughness of a fuzzy set based on two soft binary relations is generalized in this section to optimistic multigranulation based on multiple SBrs.

Definition 4.1. Let there be two non-empty finite universes: $\mathfrak{U}$ and $\mathfrak{V}.$ $\theta$ is a family of SBrs that over $\mathfrak{U}\times\mathfrak{V}.$ Hence we say a multigranulation generalised soft approximation space (MGGSAS) across two universes is $(\mathfrak{U}, \mathfrak{V}, \theta)$. The multigranulation generalise soft approximation space (MGGSAS) $(\mathfrak{U}, \mathfrak{V}, \theta)$ is a generalisation of soft approximation space over dual universes, as is apparent. $(\mathfrak{U}, \mathfrak{V}, \psi).$

Definition 4.2. Let $(\mathfrak{U}, \mathfrak{V}, \theta)$ be a MGGSAS over two universes and $\mu$ be a FS over $\mathfrak{V}.$ The OLAP $\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{\mu}$ and OUAP $^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{\mu},$ of FS $\mu$ w.r.t aftersets of SBrs $(\psi_{j}, A)\in \theta$ are given by

Where $a\psi_{j}(e) = \{b\in \mathfrak{V}: (a, b)\in \psi_{j}(e)\},$ are aftersets of $a$ for $a\in \mathfrak{U}$ and $e\in A.$

Obviously $(\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{ m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{ \mu}, A)$ and $(\ ^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{ m}\psi_{j}}^{\mu}, A)$ are two FSS over $\mathfrak{U}.$

Definition 4.3. Let $(\mathfrak{U}, \mathfrak{V}, \theta)$ be a MGGSAS over dual universes and $\gamma$ be a FS over $\mathfrak{U}.$ The OLAP $^{\gamma}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}$ and OUAP $^{\gamma}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o},$ of FS $\gamma$ w.r.t the foresets of SBrs $(\psi_{j}, A)\in \theta$ are given by

Where $\psi_{j}(e)b = \{a\in \mathfrak{U}: (a, b)\in \psi_{j}(e)\}$ are foresets of $b$ for $b\in \mathfrak{V}$ and $e\in A.$

Obviously, $(\ ^{\gamma}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}, A)$ and $(\ ^{\gamma}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o}, A)$ are two FSS over $\mathfrak{V}.$

Moreover, $\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{\mu}:A\rightarrow F(\mathfrak{U}), ^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{\mu}:A\rightarrow F(\mathfrak{U})$ and $^{\gamma}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}:A\rightarrow F(\mathfrak{V}), ^{\gamma}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o}:A\rightarrow F(\mathfrak{V}).$

Proposition 4.1. Let $(\mathfrak{U}, \mathfrak{V}, \theta)$ be MGGSAS over two universes and $\mu \in F(\mathfrak{V}).$ Then the following properties for $\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{\mu}, ^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{\mu}$ hold w.r.t the aftersets.

(1) $\vee_{j = 1}^{m}\underline{\psi_{j}}^{\mu}\geq \underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{\mu}$

(2) $\wedge_{j = 1}^{m}\overline{\psi_{j}}^{\mu}\geq ^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{\mu}$.

Proof. The proof is identical to the Proposition 3.3 proof.

Proposition 4.2. Let $(\mathfrak{U}, \mathfrak{V}, \theta)$ be MGGSAS over dual universes and $\gamma \in F(\mathfrak{U}).$ Then the following properties for $^{\gamma}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}, ^{\gamma}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o}$ hold w.r.t the foresets.

(1) $^{\gamma}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}\leq \vee_{i = 1}^{m} { ^{\gamma}\underline{\psi_{j}}}$

(2) $^{\gamma}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o}\leq \wedge_{j = 1}^{m} {^{\gamma}\overline{\psi_{j}}}$.

Proof. The proof is identical to the Proposition 3.3 proof.

Proposition 4.3. Let $(\mathfrak{U}, \mathfrak{V}, \theta)$ be MGGSAS over dual universes. Then the following hold w.r.t the aftersets.

(1) $\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{1} = 1 \forall e\in A$ if $a\psi_{j}(e)\neq \emptyset$ for some $j\leq m$

(2) $^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{1} = 1 \forall e\in A$ if $\cap_{j = 1}^{n} a\psi_{j}(e)\neq \emptyset$

(3) $\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{0} = 0 = ^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{0}.$

Proof. The proof is identical to theProposition 3.5 proof.

Proposition 4.4. Let $(\mathfrak{U}, \mathfrak{V}, \theta)$ be MGGSAS over dual universes. Then the following hold w.r.t the forersets.

(1) $^{1}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o} = 1$ for all $e\in A$ if $\psi_{j}(e)b\neq \emptyset$ for some $j\leq m$

(2) $^{1}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o} = 1 \forall e\in A,$ if $\cap_{j = 1}^{n}\psi_{j}(e)b\neq \emptyset$

(3) $^{0}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o} = 0 = \ ^{0}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o}.$

Proof. The Proof is identical to the Proposition 3.5 proof.

Proposition 4.5. Let $(\mathfrak{U}, \mathfrak{V}, \theta)$ be a MGGSAS over dual universes and $\mu, \mu_{1}, \mu_{2}\in F(\mathfrak{V}),$ Then the following properties for $\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{\mu}, ^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{\mu}$ hold w.r.t the aftersets.

(1) If $\mu_{1}\leq \mu_{2}$ then $\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{\mu_{1}}\leq \underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{\mu_{2}},$

(2) If $\mu_{1}\leq \mu_{2}$ then $^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{\mu_{1}}\leq ^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{\mu_{2}}$

(3) $\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{\mu_{1}\cap\mu_{2}} = \underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{\mu_{1}}\cap \underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{\mu_{2}}$

(4) $\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{\mu_{1}\cup \mu_{2}}\geq \underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{\mu_{1}}\cup \underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{\mu_{2}}$

(5) $^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{\mu_{1}\cup \mu_{2}} = \ ^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{\mu_{1}}\cup\ ^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{\mu_{2}}$

(6) $^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{\mu_{1}\cap \mu_{2}}\leq \ ^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{\mu_{1}}\cap \ ^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{\mu_{2}}$.

Proof. The proof is identical to the Proposition 3.7 proof.

Proposition 4.6. Let $(\mathfrak{U}, \mathfrak{V}, \theta)$ be a MGGSAS over dual universes and $\gamma, \gamma_{1}, \gamma_{2}\in F(\mathfrak{U}).$ Then the following properties for $^{\gamma}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}, ^{\gamma}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o}$ hold w.r.t the foresets.

(1) If ${\gamma}_{1}\leq {\gamma}_{2}$ then $^{\gamma_{1}}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}\leq ^{\gamma_{2}}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o},$

(2) If $\gamma_{1}\leq \gamma_{2}$ then, $^{\gamma_{1}}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o}\leq ^{\gamma_{2}}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o}$

(3) $^{\gamma_{1}\cap \gamma_{2}}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o} = ^{\gamma_{1}}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}\cap\ ^{\gamma_{2}}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}$

(4) $^{\gamma_{1}\cup \gamma_{2}}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}\geq\ ^{\gamma_{1}}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}\cup\ ^{\gamma_{2}}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}$

(5) $^{\gamma_{1}\cup \gamma_{2}}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o} = ^{\gamma_{1}}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o}\cup\ ^{\gamma_{2}}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o}$

(6) $^{\gamma_{1}\cap \gamma_{2}}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o}\leq\ ^{\gamma_{1}}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o}\cap\ ^{\gamma_{2}}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o}$.

Proof. The proof is identical to the Proposition 3.7 proof.

Proposition 4.7. Let $(\mathfrak{U}, \mathfrak{V}, \theta)$ be a MGGSAS over dual universes and $\mu_{1}, \mu_{2}, \mu_{3}, \cdots \mu_{n}\in F(\mathfrak{V}),$ and $\mu_{n}\supseteq \cdots\supseteq \mu_{3}\supseteq \mu_{2}\supseteq \subseteq\mu_{1}.$ Then the following properties hold w.r.t the aftersets.

(1) $\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{\mu_{1}}_{o}\subseteq\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{\mu_{2}}\subseteq\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{\mu_{3}}\subseteq \cdots \subseteq \underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{\mu_{n}}$

(2) $^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{\mu_{1}}\subseteq\ ^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{\mu_{2}}\subseteq\ ^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{\mu_{3}}\subseteq \cdots \subseteq\ ^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{\mu_{n}}$.

Proof. Straightforward.

Proposition 4.8. Let $(\mathfrak{U}, \mathfrak{V}, \theta)$ be MGGSAS over dual universes and $\gamma_{1}, \gamma_{2}, \gamma_{3}, \cdots \gamma_{n}\in F(\mathfrak{U}),$ and $\gamma_{n}\supseteq\cdots \supseteq \gamma_{3}\supseteq \gamma_{2}\subseteq \supseteq\gamma_{1}.$ Then the following properties hold w.r.t the foresets.

(1) $^{\gamma_{1}}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}\subseteq ^{\gamma_{2}}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}\subseteq ^{\gamma_{3}}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}\subseteq \cdots \subseteq ^{\gamma_{n}}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}$

(2) $^{\gamma_{1}}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o}\subseteq ^{\gamma_{2}}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o}\subseteq ^{\gamma_{3}}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o}\subseteq \cdots \subseteq ^{\gamma_{n}}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o}$.

Proof. Straightforward.

Definition 4.4. Let $(\mathfrak{U}, \mathfrak{V}, \theta)$ be a MGGSAS over dual universes, $\mu\in F(\mathfrak{V}).$ For any $1\geq \alpha\geq 0,$ the level set for $\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{\mu}$ and $\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{\mu}$ of $\mu$ are defined, respectively as follows:

Definition 4.5. Let $(\mathfrak{U}, \mathfrak{V}, \theta)$ be MGGSAS over dual universes, $\mu\in F(\mathfrak{U}).$ For any $1\geq \alpha\geq 0,$ the level set for ${}^{\gamma}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}$ and ${}^{\gamma}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o}$ of $\mu$ are defined, respectively as follows:

Proposition 4.9. Let $(\mathfrak{U}, \mathfrak{V}, \theta)$ be MGGSAS over dual universes, $\mu\in F(\mathfrak{V}).$ For any $1\geq \alpha > 0.$ The following properties hold w.r.t aftersets:

(1) $\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{(\mu_{\alpha})}(e) = (\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}^{\mu}(e))_{\alpha}$

(2) $^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{(\mu_{\alpha})}(e) = (^{o}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{\mu}(e))_{\alpha}$.

Proof. The proof is identical to the Proposition 3. proof.

Proposition 4.10. Let $(\mathfrak{U}, \mathfrak{V}, \theta)$ be MGGSAS over dual universes, $\mu\in F(\mathfrak{V}).$ For any $1\geq\alpha > 0.$ The following properties hold w.r.t foresets:

(1) $^{(\gamma_{\alpha})}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}(e) = (^{\gamma}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}_{o}(e))_{\alpha}$

(2) $^{(\gamma_{\alpha})}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o}(e) = (^{(\gamma}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{m}\psi_{j}}^{o}(e))_{\alpha}$.

Proof. The proof is identical to the Proposition 3.9 proof.

5.   Accuracy and rough measures

In this section, we describe the accuracy measurements, rough measure, and example of MGRFS with respect to aftersets and foresets.

Definition 5.1. Let $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2}$ be two SBrs from a non-empty universe $\mathfrak{U}$ to $\mathfrak{V}$ and $1\geq \alpha\geq\beta\geq 0.$ Then the accuracy measures (or Degree of accuracy) of membership $\mu \in F(\mathfrak{V}),$ with respect to $\beta, \alpha$ and w.r.t aftersets of $\psi_{1}, \ \psi_{2}$ are defined as

where $|.|$ means the cardinality, where $OA,$ means optimistic accuracy measures. It is obvious that $0\leq OA({\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)}\leq 1.$ When $OA({\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)} = 1,$ then the fuzzy set $\mu\in F(V)$ is definable with respect to aftersets. And the optimistic rough measure are defined as

Definition 5.2. Let $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2}$ be two SBrs from a non-empty universe $\mathfrak{U}$ to $\mathfrak{V}$ and $1\geq\alpha\geq\beta \geq 0.$ The accuracy measures (or Degree of accuracy) of membership $\gamma \in F(\mathfrak{U}),$ with respect to $\beta, \alpha$ and w.r.t foresets of $\psi_{1}, \ \psi_{2}$ are defined as

where $|.|$ means the cardinality, where $OA,$ means optimistic accuracy measures. It is obvious that $0\leq OA(^{\gamma}{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)}\leq 1.$ When, $OA(^{\gamma}{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)} = 1,$ then the fuzzy set $\mu\in F(V)$ is definable with respect to aforesets. And the optimistic rough measure are defined as

Example 5.1. (Example 3.1 is Continued) Let $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2}$ be two SBrs from a non empty universal set $\mathfrak{U}$ to $\mathfrak{V}$ as given in Example 3.1. Then for $\mu \in F(\mathfrak{V})$ defined in Example 3.1 and $\beta = 0.2$ and $\alpha = 0.4$ the $\alpha$ cut sets w.r.t aftersets are as follows respectively.

Then the accuracy measures for $\mu\in F(\mathfrak{V})$ with respect to $\beta = 0.2$ and $\alpha = 0.4$ and w.r.t aftersets of SBrs $\psi_{1}, \psi_{2}$ are calculated as

Hence, $OA({\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)}$ shows the degree to which the FS $\mu\in F(\mathfrak{V})$ is accurate constrained to the parameters $\beta = 0.2$ and $\alpha = 0.4$ for $i = 1, 2$ w.r.t aftersets. Similarly for $\gamma \in F(\mathfrak{U})$ defined in Example 3.1, $\beta = 0.2,$ and $\alpha = 0.4.$ Then $\alpha$ cut sets w.r.t foresets are as follows respectively.

And

Then the accuracy measures for $\gamma\in F(\mathfrak{U})$ with respect to $\beta = 0.2$ and $\alpha = 0.4$ and w.r.t foresets of SBrs $\psi_{1}, \psi_{2}$ are calculated as

Hence, $OA(^{\gamma}{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)}$ shows the degree to which the fuzzy set $\gamma\in F(\mathfrak{U})$ is accurate constrained to the parameters $\beta = 0.2$ and $\alpha = 0.4$ for $i = 1, 2$ w.r.t foresets.

Proposition 5.1. Let $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2}$ be two SBrs from a non-empty universe $\mathfrak{U}$ to $\mathfrak{V}, \ \mu\in F(\mathfrak{V})$ and $1\geq \alpha\geq \beta > 0.$ Then

(1) $OA({\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)}$ increases with the increase in $\beta,$ if $\alpha$ stands fixed.

(2) $OA({\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)}$ decrease with the increase in $\alpha,$ if $\beta$ stands fixed.

Proof.

(1) Let $\alpha$ stands fixed and $0 < {\beta}_{1}\leq {\beta}_{2}\leq 1.$ Then we have $|(^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\beta_{2}}|\leq |(^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\beta_{1}}|.$ This implies that $\frac{|(\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\alpha}|}{|(^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\beta_{1}}|}\leq \frac{|(\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\alpha}|}{|(^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\beta_{2}}|},$ that is $OA({\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta_{1})}\leq OA({\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta_{2})}.$ This shows that $OA({\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)}$ increases with the increase in $\beta \forall e_{i}\in A.$

(2) Let $\beta$ stands fixed and $0 < {\alpha}_{1}\leq {\alpha}_{2}\leq 1.$ Then we have $|(\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\alpha_{2}}|\leq |(\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\alpha_{1}}|.$ This implies that $\frac{|(\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\alpha_{2}}|}{|(^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\beta}|}\leq \frac{|(\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\alpha_{1}}|}{|(^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\beta}|},$ that is $OA({\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha_{2}, \beta)}\leq OA({\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha_{1}, \beta)}.$ This shows that $OA({\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)}$ increases with the increase in $\alpha \forall e_{i}\in A.$

Proposition 5.2. Let $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2}$ be two SBrs from a non-empty universe $\mathfrak{U}$ to $\mathfrak{V}, \gamma\in F(\mathfrak{U})$ and $1\geq\alpha \geq \beta > 0.$ Then

(1) $OA(^{\gamma}{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)}$ increases with the increase in $\beta,$ if $\alpha$ stands fixed.

(2) $OA(^{\gamma}{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)}$ decrease with the increase $\alpha,$ if $\beta$ stands fixed.

Proof. The proof is identical to the Proposition 5.1 proof.

Proposition 5.3. Let $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2}$ be SBrs from a non-empty universe $\mathfrak{U}$ to $\mathfrak{V}, 1\geq \alpha \geq \beta > 0$ and $\mu, \mu\in F(\mathfrak{V}),$ with $\mu\leq \mu.$ Then the following properties hold w.r.t aftersets.

(1) $OA({\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)}\leq OA({\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)},$ whenever $(^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu})_{\beta} = (^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu})_{\beta}.$

(2) $OA({\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)}\geq OA({\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)},$ whenever $(\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu})_{\alpha} = (\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu})_{\alpha}.$

Proof.

(1) Let $1\geq \alpha \geq \beta > 0$ and $\mu, \mu\in F(\mathfrak{V})$ be such that $\mu\leq \mu.$ Then $\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}(e_{i})\leq\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}(e_{i})),$ that is $|(\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\alpha}|\leq |(\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\alpha}|.$ This implies that $\frac{|(\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\alpha}|}{|(^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\beta}|}\leq \frac{|(\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\alpha}|}{|(^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\beta}|}.$ Hence $OA(\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)}\leq OA(\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)} \forall e_{i}\in A.$

(2) Let $1\geq \alpha \geq \beta > 0$ and $\mu, \mu\in F(\mathfrak{V})$ be such that $\mu\leq \mu.$ Then $^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i})\leq\ ^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}),$ that is $|(^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\beta}|\leq |(^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\beta}|.$ This implies that $\frac{|(\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\alpha}|}{|(^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\beta}|}\geq \frac{|(\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\alpha}|}{|(^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{\beta}|}.$ Hence $OA(\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)}\geq OA(\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)} \forall e_{i}\in A.$

Proposition 5.4. Let $\psi_{1}$ and $\psi_{2}$ be SBrs from a non-empty universe $U$ to $\mathfrak{V}, 1\geq \alpha \geq \beta > 0$ and $\gamma, \delta \in F(\mathfrak{U}),$ with $\delta\geq \gamma.$ Then the following properties hold w.r.t foresets.

(1) $OA(\gamma{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)}\leq OA({\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)},$ whenever $(^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu})_{\beta} = (^{o}\overline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu})_{\beta}.$

(2) $OA({\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)}\geq OA({\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}^{\mu}(e_{i}))_{(\alpha, \beta)},$ whenever $(\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu})_{\alpha} = (\underline{\psi_{1}+\psi_{2}}_{o}^{\mu})_{\alpha}.$

Proof. The proof is identical to the Proposition 5.3 proof.

6.   Decision making

Firstly soft sets were applied in DM problems by Maji et al. ^[31], but this DM deal with problems based on a crisp SS to cope with an FSS based on DM problems. FSS can solve the problems of decision-making in real life. It deals with uncertainties and the vagueness of data. There are several techniques of using fuzzy soft sets to solve decision-making challenges. Roy and Maji ^[40] presented a novel method of object recognition from inaccurate multi-observer data. The limitations in Roy and Maji ^[40] are overcome by Feng et al.^[17], Hou ^[18] made use of grey relational analysis to take care of the issues of problems in making decisions. The DM methods by multi-SBr are proposed in this section following the FSS theory. The majority of FSS-based approaches to DM have choice values of "$C_{k}$", therefore it makes sense to choose the objects with the highest choice value as the best option.

There are two closest approximations to universes: the lower and upper approximations. As a result, we are able to determine the two values $\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{n}\psi_{j}}^{\mu}(e_{i})(a_{l})$ and $\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{n}\psi_{j}}^{\mu}(e_{i})(a_{l})$ that are most closely related to the afterset to the decision alternative $a_{i}\in \mathfrak{U}$ using the FSLAP and FSUAP of an FS $\mu \in F(\mathfrak{V}).$ To address DM issues based on RFSS, we therefore redefine the choice value $C_{l}$ for the decision alternative $a_{l}$ of the universe $\mathfrak{U}$.

For the proposed model, we present two algorithms, each of which consists of the actions outlined below.

Algorithm 1: The algorithm for solving a DM problem using aftersets is as follows.

${\bf Step\ 1:}$ Compute the lower MGFSS approximation $\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{n}\psi_{j}}^{\mu}$ and upper MGFSS approximation $\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{n}\psi_{j}}^{\mu},$ of fuzzy set $\mu$ w.r.t aftersets.

${\bf Step\ 2:}$ Compute the sum of lower MGFSS approximation $\sum_{i = 1}^{n}(\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{n}\psi_{j}}^{\mu}(e_{i})(a_{l}))$ and the sum of upper MGFSS approximation $\sum_{i = 1}^{n}(\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{n}\psi_{j}}^{ \mu}(e_{i})(a_{l})),$ corresponding to $j$ w.r.t aftersets.

${\bf Step\ 3:}$ Compute the choice value $C_{l} = \sum_{i = 1}^{ n}(\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{ n}\psi_{j}}^{\mu}(e_{i})(a_{l}))+\sum_{i = 1}^{ n}(\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{ n}\psi_{j}}^{\mu}(e_{i})(a_{l})), \ a_{l}\in \mathfrak{U}$ w.r.t aftersets.

${\bf Step\ 4:}$ The preferred decision isa

$a_{k}\in \mathfrak{U}$ if $C_{k} = max_{l = 1}^{|\mathfrak{U}|}C_{l}.$

${\bf Step\ 5:}$ The decision that is the worst is $a_{k}\in U$ if $C_{k} = min_{l = 1}^{|\mathfrak{U}|}C_{l}.$

${\bf Step\ 6:}$ If $k$ has more than one valve, then any one of $a_{k}$ may be chosen.

Algorithm 2: The following is an algorithm for approaching a DM problem w.r.t foresets.

${\bf Step\ 1:}$ Compute the lower MGFSS approximation $^{\gamma}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{n}\psi_{j}}$ and upper MGFSS approximation $^{\gamma}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{n}\psi_{j}},$ of fuzzy set $\gamma$ with respect to foresets.

${\bf Step\ 2:}$ Compute the sum of lower MGFSS approximations $\sum_{i = 1}^{n}(^{\gamma}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{n}\psi_{j}}(e_{i})(b_{l}))$ and the sum of upper MGFSS approximation $\sum_{i = 1}^{n}(^{\gamma}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{n}\psi_{j}}(e_{i})(b_{l})),$ corresponding to $j$ w.r.t foresets.

${\bf Step\ 3:}$ Compute the choice value $C_{l} = \sum_{i = 1}^{n}(^{\gamma}\underline{\sum_{j = 1}^{n}\psi_{j}}(e_{i})(b_{l}))+\sum_{i = 1}^{n}(^{\gamma}\overline{\sum_{j = 1}^{n}\psi_{j}}(e_{i})(b_{l})), \ b_{l}\in \mathfrak{V}$ w.r.t foresets.

${\bf Step\ 4:}$ The preferred decision is $b_{k}\in \mathfrak{V}$ if $C_{k} = max_{l = 1}^{|\mathfrak{V}|}C_{l}.$

${\bf Step\ 5:}$ The decision that is the worst is $b_{k}\in \mathfrak{V}$ if $C_{k} = min_{l = 1}^{|\mathfrak{V}|}C_{l}.$

${\bf Step\ 6:}$ If $k$ has more than one value, then any one of $b_{k}$ may be chosen.

An application of the decision-making approach

Example 6.1. (Example 3.1 Continued) Consider the SBrs of Example 3.1 again where a franchise $\mathfrak{XYZ}$ wants to pick a best player foreign allrounder for their team from Platinum and Diamond categories.

Consider Tables 1 and 2 after applying the above algorithms.

Here the choice value $C_{l} = \sum_{j = 1}^{n}(\underline{\sum_{i = 1}^{n}\psi_{i}}^{\mu}(e_{j})(a_{l}))+$$\sum_{j = 1}^{n}(\overline{\sum_{i = 1}^{n }\psi_{i}}^{\mu}(e_{j})(a_{l})), \ a_{l}\in \mathfrak{U}$ w.r.t aftersets and $C^{'}_{l} = \sum_{j = 1}^{n }(^{\gamma}\underline{\sum_{i = 1}^{n }\psi_{i}}(e_{j})(b_{l}))+$$\sum_{j = 1}^{ n}(^{\gamma}\overline{\sum_{i = 1}^{ n}\psi_{i}}(e_{j})(b_{l})), \ b_{l}\in \mathfrak{V}$ w.r.t foresets.

From Table 1 it is clear that the maximum choice-value $C_{k} = 2.1 = C_{8}$ scored by the player $a_{8}$ and the decision is in the favor of selecting the player $a_{8}.$ Moreover, player $a_{4}$ is ignored. Hence franchise $\mathfrak{XYZ}$ will choose the player $a_{8}$ from the platinum category w.r.t aftersets. Similarly from Table 2 the maximum choice-value $C^{'}_{k} = 2 = C^{'}_{5}$ scored by the player $b_{5}$ and the decision is in the favor of selecting the player $b_{5}.$ Moreove, player $b_{4}$ is ignored. Hence franchise $XYZ$ will choose the player $b_{5}$ from the diamond category w.r.t aforesets.

7.   Comparison

In this section, we will analyze the effectiveness of our method comparatively. To deal with incompleteness and vagueness, an MGRS model is proposed in terms of multiple equivalence relations by Qian et al. ^[39], which is better than RS. Xu et al. ^[57] fostered the model of MGFRS by unifying MGRS theory and FSs. However, in most of daily life, the satiation decision-making process might depend on the possibility of two or more universes. Sun and Ma ^[47] initiated the notion of MGRS over two universes with good modeling capabilities to overcome this satiation. To make the equivalence relation more flexible, the conditions had To be relaxed, Shabir et al. ^[43] presented the MGRS of a crisp set based on soft binary relations and its application in data classification, and Ayub et al. ^[4] introduced SMGRS which is the particular case of MGRS ^[43]. An FS is better than a crisp set to cope the uncertainty. Here, we have a novel hybrid model of OPMGFRS by using multi-soft binary relations. Our suggested model is more capable of capturing the uncertainty because of its parametrization of binary relations in a multigarnulation environment. Moreover, in our proposed OMGFRS model, we replace an FS with a crisp set. A crisp set can not address the uncertainty and vagueness in our actual salutation. The main advantage of this model is to approximate a fuzzy set in universe $\mathfrak{U} (\mathfrak{V})$ an anther universe $\mathfrak{V} (\mathfrak{U}),$ and we acquire a fuzzy with respect to each parameter which is a fuzzy soft set over $\mathfrak{V} (\mathfrak{U}).$ Hence the fuzzy soft set is more capable than the crisp and fuzzy sets of addressing the uncertainty.

8.   Conclusions

The MGR of an FS based on SBr is investigated in this article over dual universes. We first defined the roughness of an FS with respect to the aftersets and foresets of two SBr, and then we used the aftersets and foresets to approximate an FS $\mu\in F(\mathfrak{V})$ in universe $\mathfrak{U},$ and an FS $\gamma\in F(\mathfrak{U})$ in universe $\mathfrak{V}.$ From which, we obtained two FSS of $\mathfrak{U}$ and $\mathfrak{V},$ with respect to aftersets and foresets. We also look into the essential properties of the MGR of an FS. Then we generalized this definition to MGRFS based on SBr. For this proposed multigranulation roughness, we also define the accuracy and roughness measures. Moreover, we provided two decision-making algorithms with respect to aftersest and forests, as well as an example of use in decision-making problems. The vital feature of this method is that it allows us to approximate a fuzzy set of the universe in another universe, and we can section an object from a universe and another universe's information based. Future research will concentrate on how the proposed method might be used to solve a wider variety of selection problems in different fields like medical science, social science, and management science.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.