Processing math: 100%
Research article Special Issues

Sweeping surface due to rotation minimizing Darboux frame in Euclidean 3-space E3

  • In this paper, we address a new version of Darboux frame using a common tangent vector field to a surface along a curve and call this frame the rotation minimizing Darboux frame (RMDF). Then, we give the parametric equation due to the RMDF frame for a sweeping surface and show that the parametric curves on this surface are curvature lines. Consequently, necessary and sufficient conditions for sweeping surfaces to be developable ruled surfaces are derived. Also, we analyze the conditions when the resulting developable surface is a cylinder, cone or tangential surface. We also provide some examples to illustrate the main results.

    Citation: Maryam T. Aldossary, Rashad A. Abdel-Baky. Sweeping surface due to rotation minimizing Darboux frame in Euclidean 3-space E3[J]. AIMS Mathematics, 2023, 8(1): 447-462. doi: 10.3934/math.2023021

    Related Papers:

    [1] Emad Solouma, Ibrahim Al-Dayel, Meraj Ali Khan, Youssef A. A. Lazer . Characterization of imbricate-ruled surfaces via rotation-minimizing Darboux frame in Minkowski 3-space $ \mathrm{E}_1^3 $. AIMS Mathematics, 2024, 9(5): 13028-13042. doi: 10.3934/math.2024635
    [2] Ibrahim AL-Dayel, Emad Solouma, Meraj Khan . On geometry of focal surfaces due to B-Darboux and type-2 Bishop frames in Euclidean 3-space. AIMS Mathematics, 2022, 7(7): 13454-13468. doi: 10.3934/math.2022744
    [3] A. A. Abdel-Salam, M. I. Elashiry, M. Khalifa Saad . Tubular surface generated by a curve lying on a regular surface and its characterizations. AIMS Mathematics, 2024, 9(5): 12170-12187. doi: 10.3934/math.2024594
    [4] Bahar UYAR DÜLDÜL . On some new frames along a space curve and integral curves with Darboux q-vector fields in $ \mathbb{E}^3 $. AIMS Mathematics, 2024, 9(7): 17871-17885. doi: 10.3934/math.2024869
    [5] Ayman Elsharkawy, Clemente Cesarano, Abdelrhman Tawfiq, Abdul Aziz Ismail . The non-linear Schrödinger equation associated with the soliton surfaces in Minkowski 3-space. AIMS Mathematics, 2022, 7(10): 17879-17893. doi: 10.3934/math.2022985
    [6] Fatemah Mofarreh, Rashad A. Abdel-Baky . Singularities of swept surfaces in Euclidean 3-space. AIMS Mathematics, 2024, 9(9): 26049-26064. doi: 10.3934/math.20241272
    [7] Yanlin Li, Ali. H. Alkhaldi, Akram Ali, R. A. Abdel-Baky, M. Khalifa Saad . Investigation of ruled surfaces and their singularities according to Blaschke frame in Euclidean $ 3 $-space. AIMS Mathematics, 2023, 8(6): 13875-13888. doi: 10.3934/math.2023709
    [8] Masatomo Takahashi, Haiou Yu . On generalised framed surfaces in the Euclidean space. AIMS Mathematics, 2024, 9(7): 17716-17742. doi: 10.3934/math.2024861
    [9] Nadia Alluhaibi . Circular surfaces and singularities in Euclidean 3-space $ \mathbb{E}^{3} $. AIMS Mathematics, 2022, 7(7): 12671-12688. doi: 10.3934/math.2022701
    [10] Areej A. Almoneef, Rashad A. Abdel-Baky . Surface family pair with Bertrand pair as mutual geodesic curves in Euclidean 3-space $ \mathbb{E}^{3} $. AIMS Mathematics, 2023, 8(9): 20546-20560. doi: 10.3934/math.20231047
  • In this paper, we address a new version of Darboux frame using a common tangent vector field to a surface along a curve and call this frame the rotation minimizing Darboux frame (RMDF). Then, we give the parametric equation due to the RMDF frame for a sweeping surface and show that the parametric curves on this surface are curvature lines. Consequently, necessary and sufficient conditions for sweeping surfaces to be developable ruled surfaces are derived. Also, we analyze the conditions when the resulting developable surface is a cylinder, cone or tangential surface. We also provide some examples to illustrate the main results.



    Sweeping surface is the surface swept out by the movement of a plane curve (the profile curve or generatrix) whilst the plane is moved through space in such away that the movement of the plane is always in the direction of the normal to the plane. Sweeping is a very substantial, strongly, and spread method in geometric modelling. The fundamental idea is to select various geometrical object (generators), which is then swept over a spine curve (trajectory) in the space. The result of such evolution, depend on movement through space and intrinsic shape deformation, is a sweep object. The sweep object type is given by the choice of the generator and the trajectory. Additional specifics on the sweeping surfaces can be found in [1,2,3,4]. In recent years, the ownerships of sweeping surfaces and their offset surfaces have been examined in Euclidean and non-Euclidean spaces (see e.g., [5,6,7,8,9]). There are several different names for the sweeping surface in previous written works, namely, tubular surface, pipe surface, string, and canal surface [10,11]. However, to the best of the authors knowledge, we can not find any literature on the study for regarding curves lying in surfaces as the original objects and considering the singularities and convexity of sweeping surfaces generated by these curves. Serve such a need and as the extension of the study[7], the current study focuses our attention on the geometrical properties of sweeping surfaces whose center curves in surfaces in Euclidean 3-space E3.

    In this work, in analogous with the well known Bishop and Frenet-Serret frames, we define a new version of Darboux frame using a common tangent vector field to a surface along a curve and call this frame the rotation minimizing Darboux frame (RMDF). By using this frame, we give the parametric representation for a sweeping surface. We also show that the parametric curves on this surface are curvature lines. Then, we study the local singularities and convexity of a sweeping surface. Consequently, the necessary and sufficient condition for the sweeping surface to be a developable ruled surface is derived. In addition, some examples of application are introduced and explained in detail.

    The ambient space is the Euclidean 3-space E3, and for our work we have used [10,11] as general references. Let

    R(s,u)=(x1(s,u),x2(s,u),x3(s,u)), (s,u)DR2,

    represent a regular surface M. The Rs tangent vectors are

    Rs(s,u)=Rs, Ru(s,u)=Ru.

    The unit normal vector to the surface M is

    u(s,u)=Rs×RuRs×Ru,

    where × denotes the cross product in E3. The metric (first fundamental form) I is defined by

    I(s,u)=g11ds2+2g12dsdu+g22du2,

    where g11=<Rs,Rs>, g12=<Rs,Ru>, g22=<Ru,Ru>. We define the second fundamental form II of M by

    II(s,u)=h11ds2+2h12dsdu+h22du2,

    where h11=<Rss,u>, h12=<Rsu,u>, h22=<Ruu,u>. The Gaussian K(s,u) and mean H(s,u) curvature are defined by

    K(s,u)=h11h22h212g11g22g212 and H(s,u)=g11h22+g22h112g12h222(g11g22g212).

    Let γ:IRM is a unit speed curve on M. Since γ(s) is a space curve, there exists the Serret-Frenet frame {t(s), n(s), b(s)}. The derivative formulas for Serret-Frenet frame are given by

    (tnb)=(0κ0κ0τ0τ0)(tnb), (=dds),

    where κ(s) is the curvature and τ(s) is the torsion of γ(s). Due to γ(s) on the surface M, we have the moving Darboux frame {γ(s);e1,e2,e3}; t=e1(s), e3=e3(s) is the surface unit normal restricted to γ, and e2=e3×e1 be the unit tangent to the surface M. The the relationships between these frames is expressed as:

    (e1e2e3)=(1000cosφsinφ0sinφcosφ)(tnb);φ=φ(s). (2.1)

    Then we have the following Frenet-Serret type formulae:

    (e1e2e3)=(0κgκnκg0τgκnτg0)(e1e2e3)=˜ω(s)×(e1e2e3), (2.2)

    where ˜ω(s)=τge1κne2+κge3 is referred to as the Darboux vector. Here,

    {κn(s)=κsinφ=<γ,e3>,κg(s)=κcosφ=det(γ,γ,e3),τg(s)=τφ=det(γ,e3,e3). (2.3)

    We call κg(s) a geodesic curvature, κn(s) a normal curvature, and τg(s) a geodesic torsion of γ(s), respectively. In terms of these quantities, the geodesics, curvatures lines, and asymptotic lines on a smooth surface may be characterized, as loci along which κg=0, τg=0, and κn=0, respectively.

    Now, we introduce a new rotation minimizing frame using a common tangent vector field to a surface along a curve and call this frame the rotation minimizing Darboux frame.

    Definition 3.1. A moving orthogonal frame {ξ1, ξ3, ξ3}, along a space curve r(s), is called rotation minimizing frame (RMF) with respect to a certain reference direction if its angular velocity ω has no component along that direction.

    Although the Darboux frame is not RMF with respect to ei(i=1, 2, 3), one can easily derive such a RMF from it. New plane vectors (ξ1, ζ2) are specified through a rotation of (e2, e3) according to

    (ζζ1ζ2)=(1000cosϑsinϑ0sinϑcosϑ)(e1e2e3), (3.1)

    with a certain angle ϑ(s). Here, we will call the set {ζ, ζ1, ζ2}} as rotation minimizing Darboux frame (RMDF). Therefore, we have the alternative frame equations:

    (ζζ1ζ2)=(0κ1κ2κ100κ200)(ζζ1ζ2)=ω×(ζζ1ζ2), (3.2)

    where ω(s)=κ2ζ1+κ1ζ2 is the Darboux vector. One can show that:

    {κ1(s)=κgcosϑ+κnsinϑ,κ2(s)=κgsinϑκncosϑ,κ21+κ22=κ2g+κ2n=κ(s),ϑ(s)=s0τgds+ϑ0,ϑ0=ϑ(0). (3.3)

    From Eqs (2.2) and (3.2) we observe that the relative velocity is

    ˜ω(s)ω(s)=τge1.

    This shows that, the Darboux frame involves an additional rotation about the tangent, whose speed equals the geodesic torsion τg(s). This examination explains the integral formula of Eq (3.3) for computing the RMDF by rectifying the unwanted rotation of the Darboux frame. Hence, the Darboux frame is conformable with the RMDF for curvature lines, that is, τg=0. This is in analogous with Klok's result[1].

    Proposition 3.1. Under the above notations we state the following:

    (1) If γ(s) is a geodesic curve on M, then the curvatures κ1(s), and κ2(s) satisfy the following:

    tan1(κ1κ2)=ϑ(s),withϑ(s)=s0τgds+ϑ0,ϑ0=ϑ(0).

    (2) If γ(s) is an asymptotic curve on M, then the curvatures κ1(s), and κ2(s) satisfy the following:

    cot1(κ1κ2)=ϑ(s), withϑ(s)=s0τgds+ϑ0,ϑ0=ϑ(0).

    In this subsection, we give the parametric representations of sweeping surface through the spine curve γ(s) on the surface M in the following: The sweeping surface associated to γ(s), is the envelope of the family of unit spheres, with the center on the curve γ(s)M.

    Remark 3.1. Clearly, if γ(s) is a straight line, thus the sweeping surface is just a circular cylinder, having γ(s) as symmetry axis. If, on the other hand, γ(s) is a circle, then the corresponding sweeping surface is a torus.

    Now, it is easy to see that the connect between the spheres from the family and the sweeping surface is a great circle of the unit sphere, lying in the subspace Sp{ζ1(s),ζ2(s)}, of the spine curve γ(s). Let us indicate by q the position vector attaching the point from the curve γ(s) with the point from the sweeping surface. Then, clearly, we have

    Υ:q=γ(s)+r, (3.4)

    where the unit vector r itself lies in the same subspace Sp{ζ1(s),ζ2(s)}. Let us indicate by the angle u between the vectors r and ζ1. Then, as one can see immediately, we have

    r(u)=cos(u)ζ1(s)+sin(u)ζ2(s), (3.5)

    which is the characteristic circles of sweeping surface. Combining Eqs (3.4) and (3.5), we see that we obtained a representation of the sweeping surface,

    Υ:q(s,u)=γ(s)+cosuζ1(s)+sinuζ2(s), (3.6)

    This representation of Υ excludes sweeping surfaces with stationary vector ζ, because its geometrical properties that is not very important and very easy to be studied.

    The qs tangent vectors are

    {qu(s,u)=sinuζ1+cosuζ2,qs(s,u)=(1κ1cosuκ2sinu)ζ. (3.7)

    Then,

    u(s,u)=qs×quqs×qu=cosuζ1+sinuζ2, (3.8)

    which shows that surface normal is included in the subspace Sp{ζ1(s),ζ2(s)}, since it is orthogonal to ζ. The coefficients of the first fundamental form g11, g12 and g22 are

    {g11=<qs,qs>=(1κ1cosuκ2sinu)2,g12=<qs,qu>=0, g22=<qu,qu>=1. (3.9)

    For the second fundamental form, we have

    {qss=(κ1cosu+κ2sinu)ζ+(1κ1cosuκ2sinu)(κ1ζ1+κ2ζ2),qsu=(κ1sinu+κ2cosu)ζ,quu=cosuζ1sinuζ2.

    Hence, the elements of the second fundamental form h11, h12, and h22 are

    {h11=<qss,u>=(1κ1cosuκ2sinu)(κ1sinu+κ2cosu),h12=<qsu,u>=0,h22=<quu,u>=1.

    Then, the u-and s curves are curvature lines, that is, g12 and h12 vanish identically (g12=h12=0). Thus, the Gaussian and mean curvature are calculated as

    K(s,u)=κ1cosu+κ2sinu1(κ1cosu+κ2sinu),

    and

    H(s,u)=12(κ1cosu+κ2sinu)22(κ1cosu+κ2sinu).

    Corollary 3.1. The sweeping surface defined by Eq (3.6) has a constant Gaussian curvature iff

    κ1cosu+κ2sinu=cc1

    for some real constant c.

    Corollary 3.2. The sweeping surface defined by Eq (3.6) has a constant mean curvature iff

    κ1cosu+κ2sinu=2c1c1

    for some real constant c.

    Corollary 3.3. The sweeping surface defined by Eq (3.6) is a (K(s,u),H(s,u))-Weingarten surface.

    Corollary 3.4. The sweeping surface defined by Eq (3.6) is a (K(s,u),H(s,u))-linear Weingarten surface iff

    κ1cosu+κ2sinu=c+c12(c1+c2c)

    where c, c1 and c2 are not all zero real numbers.

    On the other hand, the isoparametric curve

    π(u):β(u):=q(u,s0)=γ(s0)+cosuζ1(s0)+sinuζ2(s0), (3.10)

    is a planar unit speed curvature line. Equation (3.10) define a set of one-parameter set of planes in E3. The unit tangent vector to β(u) is

    tβ(u)=sinuζ1(s0)+cosuζ2(s0),

    and thus the unit principal normal vector of β(u) is given by

    nβ=ζ(s0)×tβ(u)=cosuζ1+sinuζ2=u(s0,u).

    Thus, the surface normal u(s0,u) is parallel to the principal normal nβ, that is, the curve β(u) is a geodesic planar curvature line, and cannot be asymptotic curve.

    Surfaces whose parametric curves are curvature lines have several implementations in geometric design[1,2,3,4]. In the situation of sweeping surfaces, one has to figure the offset surfaces qf(s,u)=q(s,u)+f u(s,u) of a given surface q(s,u) at a certain distance f. In consequence of this equation, the offsetting process for sweeping surface can be reduced to the offsetting of planar profile curve, which is considerably easier to deal with. Hence, we can state the following proposition:

    Proposition 3.2. Consider a sweeping surface Υ defined by Eq (3.6). Let xf(u) be the planar offset of the profile r(u) at constant distance f. Then the offset surface qf(s,u) is still a sweeping surface, generated by the spine curve γ(s) and profile curve rf(u).

    Singularities and convexity are useful for grasping the ownerships of sweeping surfaces and are investigated in the following:

    The sweeping surface Υ has singular points iff the first derivatives are linearly dependent, that is,

    qu×qs=(1κ1cosuκ2sinu)u=0. (3.11)

    Since u is a nonzero unit vector, then 1κ1cosuκ2sinu=0, that is,

    sinu=κ2±κ1|κ22+κ211|κ22+κ21, (3.12)

    and

    cosu=κ1±κ2|κ22+κ211|κ22+κ21. (3.13)

    Hence, there are two singular points on every generating circle. Connecting these two sets of singular points gives two curves that contain all the singular points of a sweeping surface. From Eqs (3.6) and (3.12) it follows that the expression of the two curves is

    Γ(s)=γ(s)+κ1±κ2|κ22+κ211|κ22+κ21ζ1+κ2±κ1|κ22+κ211|κ22+κ21ζ2. (3.14)

    From the above analysis it can easily be seen that:

    Corollary 3.5. The sweeping surface Υ represented by Eq (3.6), has no singular points if the condition

    1κ1(κ1±κ2|κ22+κ211|κ22+κ21)κ2(κ2±κ1|κ22+κ211|κ22+κ21)0,

    is satisfied.

    In Computer Aided Geometric Design, conditions that guarantee the convexity of a surface are required in various applications (such as manufacturing of sculptured surfaces, or layered manufacturing). In the case of the sweeping surface Υ, however, the convexity can be controlled with the help of the differential geometric properties. Therefore, we discuss the Gaussian curvature K(s,u)=χ1χ2; χi(s,u) (i=1,2) are the principal curvatures, as follows:

    Since g12=h12=0, the value of one principal curvature is

    χ1(s0,u):=drdu×d2rdu2drdu3=1. (3.15)

    The other principal curvature is easy to get

    χ2(s,u)=K(s,u)χ1(s0,u)=κ1cosu+κ2sinu1(κ1cosu+κ2sinu). (3.16)

    On the other hand, the curvature for the s-curves (u-constant) can be obtained as:

    χ(s,u0)=qs×qssqs3=κ1κ1cosuκ2sinθ. (3.17)

    In view of Meusnier's theorem, the expression of χ2(s,u) in Eq (3.16) is

    χ2(s,u)=χ(s,u0)cosψ. (3.18)

    Here ψ=cos1<n,u>. Thus, the the Gaussian curvature K(s,u) can be obtained as:

    K(s,u)=χ(s,u)cosψ. (3.19)

    We now concentrate on the curves on Υ that are created by parabolic points, that is, points with vanishing Gaussian curvature. These curves separate elliptic (K>0, locally convex) and hyperbolic (K<0, hence non-convex) parts of the surface. From Eq (3.18), it follows that

    K(s,u)=0χ(s,u)cosψ=0.

    It can be seen that there are two main cases that cause parabolic points:

    Case 3.1. When χ(s,u)=0, that is κ=0. Thus, a planar point of the spine curve γ generates a parabolic curve u = const. on Υ. In other words, the spine curve γ is degenerate to a straight line. Therefore, an inflection or flat point of the spine curve gives a parabolic curve u = const.

    Case 3.2. When ψ=π2(<n,u>=0), that is, the osculating plane of γ at each point coincides with the tangent plane to the surface Υ at that point. Then, the spine curve γ is not only a curvature line but also an asymptotic curve on Υ.

    In fact we have the following:

    Corollary 3.6. Consider a sweeping surface represented by Eq (3.6) with spine and profile curves have non-vanishing curvatures anywhere. If the spine curve γ is a curvature line and also asymptotic curve, then Υ has parabolic points.

    This part exmaine in what conditions the sweeping surfaces are developable surfaces. Therefore, we analyze the case that the profile curve r(u) degenerates into a line. Then, we have the following developable surface

    S:P(s,u)=γ(s)+uζ2(s),uR. (3.20)

    We also have that

    S:P(s,u)=γ(s)+uζ1(s),uR (3.21)

    It is easy to show P(s,0)=α(s) (resp. P(s,0)=α(s)), 0sL, that is, the surface S (resp. S) interpolate the curve γ(s). Furthermore, since

    Ps×Pu:=(1uκ2)ζ1(s), (3.22)

    then S is the normal developable surface of S along γ(s). Hence, the curve γ(s) is a curvature line on S (resp. S).

    Theorem 3.1. Let Υ be the sweeping surface expressed by Eq (3.6). Then we have the following:

    (1) the developable surfaces S and S intersect along γ(s) at a right angle,

    (2) the curve γ(s) is a curvature line on S and S.

    Theorem 3.2. (Existence and uniqueness). Under the above notations there exists a unique developable surface represented by Eq (3.19).

    Proof. For the existence, we have the developable represented by Eq (3.19). Furthermore, since S is a ruled surface, we may write that

    {S:P(s,u)=γ(s)+uζ(s),uR,η(s)=η1(s)ζ1+η2(s)ζ2+η3(s)ζ,η(s)2=η21+η22+η23=1, η(s)0. (3.23)

    It can be immediately seen that S is developable iff

    det(γ,η,η)=0η1η2η2η1+η3(η1κ2η2κ1)=0. (3.24)

    On the other hand, in view of Eq (3.21), we have

    (Ps×Pu)(s,u)=ψ(s,u)ζ1, (3.25)

    where θ=θ(s,u) is a differentiable function. Furthermore, the normal vector Ps×Pv at the point (s,0) is

    (Ps×Pu)(s,0)=η2ζ1+η1ζ2. (3.26)

    Thus, from Eqs (3.24), and (3.25), one finds that:

    η1=0, and η2=θ(s,0), (3.27)

    which follows from Eq (3.23) that η2η3κ1=0, which leads to η2η3=0, with κ10. If (s,0) is a regular point (i.e., θ(s,0)0), then η2(s)0, and η3=0. Therefore, we obtain η(s)=ζ2. This means that uniqueness holds.

    As an application (such as flank milling or cylindrical milling), during the movement of the RMDF along γ, let a cylindrical cutter be rigidly linked to this frame. Then the equation of a set of cylindrical cutters, which is defined by the movement of cylindrical cutter along γ(s), can be gotten as follows:

    Sf:¯P(s,u)=P(s,u)+ρζ1(s), (3.28)

    where ρ denotes cylindrical cutter radius. This surface is a developable surface offset of the surface P(s,u). The equation of Sf, can therefore be written as:

    Sf:¯P(s,u)=γ(s)+uζ2(s)+ρζ1(s). (3.29)

    The normal vector of cylindrical cutter can be represented as

    uf(s,0)=¯PsׯPu¯PsׯPu=ζ1(s). (3.30)

    Also, from Eq (3.27), we have

    S:P(s,u)=¯P(s,u)ρζ1(s). (3.31)

    The derivative of Eq (3.30) with respect to s can be derived as follows

    ¯Ps(s,u)=Ps(s,u)(ρω)×ζ1. (3.32)

    Equation (3.22) shows that the vector ¯Ps(s,u) is orthogonal to the normal vector ζ1. And, the vector ζ1 is orthogonal to the tool axis vector ζ(s). Subsequently, the envelope surface of the cylindrical cutter and the developable surface P(s,u) have the common normal vector and the distance between the two surfaces is cylindrical cutter radius ρ. Hence, we can draw a conclusion as follows:

    Proposition 3.3. Consider a developable surface S defined by Eq (3.19). Let Sf be the envelope surface of cylindrical cutter at distance ρ. Then the two surfaces S and Sf are offset developable surfaces.

    As it is will known, there are three types of developable surfaces, the given curve can be distributed into three kinds correspondingly[12,13,14,15]. In what follows, we will discuss the relationship between the given curve γ(s)M and its isoparametric developable surface. The first case is when,

    ζ2×ζ2=0κ2ζ1=0. (3.33)

    In this situation, S is referred to as a cylindrical surface. Since ζ1 is a nonzero unit vector, then Υ is a cylindrical surface iff

    κ2=0κgcosϑκnsinϑ=0ϑ=tan1(κgκn),κn0. (3.34)

    Similarly, we can also have ζ2×ζ20. In this situation, S is referred to as a non-cylindrical surface. Therefore, the first derivative of the directrix is

    γ(s)=c(s)+σ(s)ζ2(s)+σ(s)ζ2(s), (3.35)

    where c is the first derivative of the striction curve, σ(s) is a smooth function. By an immediate calculation, we can show that

    det(c,ζ2,ζ2)=<c,ζ×ζ2>=0. (3.36)

    Then the next two situations hold:

    The first situation is when the first derivative of the striction curve is c=0. Geometrically this position implies that the striction curve degenerates to a point, and S becomes a cone; the striction point of a cone is generally referred to as the vertex. By using Eqs (3.2) and (3.34) we have that S is a cone iff there exists a fixed point c and a function σ(s) such that σκ2=1, σ=0, which imply that

    σ(s)=const.=1κ2κgcosϑκnsinϑ=κg0cosϑ0κn0sinϑ0. (3.37)

    The second situation is when c0, that is,

    σ(s)=const.1κ2κgcosϑκnsinϑκg0cosϑ0κn0sinϑ0. (3.38)

    From Eq (3.35), we have <c,ζ2×ζ2>=0, that is, cSp{ζ2, ζ2}. The condition for c to be striction curve is therefore equivalent to c and ζ2 are perpendicular to each other. Therefore, we may conclude that the ruling is parallel to the first derivative of the striction curve, which is also the tangent of the striction curve. This ruled surface is referred too as a tangent ruled surface. So, the surface S is a tangent surface iff there exists a curve c(s) so that σ(s)=const.1κ2.

    In this subsection, as an application of our main results, we give the following examples.

    Example 1. Let M be a hyperboloid of one sheet defined by

    M:R(s,u)=(cossu2coss,sins+u2sins,u2).

    It is easy to see that γ(s)=(coss,sins,0) lies on M. Then, we have the Darboux frame as follows:

    e1(s)=(sins,coss,0),e2(s)=(0,0,1),e3(s)=(coss,sins,0).

    The normal curvature, the geodesic curvature, and the geodesic torsion of γ(s) on M, respectively, are

    κn=1, and κg=τg=0.

    Then ϑ(s)=ϑ0 is a constant, moreover,

    ζ1(s)=(sinϑ0coss,sinϑ0sins,cosϑ0),ζ2(s)=(cosϑ0coss,cosϑ0sins,sinϑ0),κ1(s)=sinϑ0, and κ2(s)=cosϑ0.

    1) If we take ϑ0=π2(κ2(s)=0), then we immediately obtain a sweeping surface given by

    Υ:q(s,u)=((1+cosu)coss,(1+cosu)sins,sinu).

    The graphs of the surfaces M, Υ, and MΥ are shown in Figure 1; 0u,s2π. Obviously, κ2(s)=0 satisfies Eq (3.33), and the developable surface

    S:P(s,u)=(coss,sins,u)+u(0,0,1)=(coss,sins,u)
    Figure 1.  Illustrations of M, Υ and MΥ.

    is a cylinder with γ(s) as a curvature line; 0s2π, and 1u1 (Figure 2).

    Figure 2.  Illustrations of the sweeping surface and the cylinder.

    2) In the case of ϑ0=π4(κ2(s)=const.), we obtain a sweeping surface given by

    Υ:q(s,u)=((1+sinu+cosu)coss,(1+sinu+cosu)sins,(cosusinu)).

    The graphs of the surfaces M, Υ, and MΥ are shown in Figure 3; 0u,s2π. Also, the developable surface

    S:P(s,u)=(coss,sins,u)+u(0,0,1)=(coss,sins,u)
    Figure 3.  Illustrations ofM, Υ and MΥ.

    is a cone with γ(s) as a curvature line; 0s2π, and 5u2 (Figure 4).

    Figure 4.  Illustrations of the sweeping surface and the cone.

    Example 2. Consider the tubular surface parameterized by

    M:R(s,u)=(coss2+2sinu,sins2+2cosu,s2),

    where 0u,s22π. It is clear that γ(s)=(coss2,sins2,s2) lies on M. By a similar procedure as in Example 1, we have

    e1(s)=12(sins2,coss2,12),e2(s)=12(coss2+12sins2,sins212coss2,12),e3(s)=12(coss2+12sins2,sins212coss2,12),κn=κg=12, and τg=12.

    Then ϑ(s)=s2+ϑ0. If we choose ϑ0=0, for example, we have

    ζ1(s)=(12[cos(s2s2)+sin(s2s2)](cos(s2)sin(s2))sin(s2)12(cos(s2)+sin(s2))cos(s2)12(cos(s2)+sin(s2))),ζ2(s)=(12[cos(s2s2)sin(s2s2)](cos(s2)+sin(s2))sin(s2)12(cos(s2)sin(s2))cos(s2)12(cos(s2)sin(s2))),κ1(s)=122(sins2+coss2), and κ2(s)=122(sins2coss2).

    Therefore, the sweeping surface is

    Υ:q(s,u)=(coss2+12[cos(s2s2+u)+sin(s2s2+u)]sins2+[(cos(s2u)sin(s2+u))sin(s2)12(cos(s2u)+sin(s2+u))cos(s2)]s212(cos(s2u)+sin(s2u))).

    The graphs of the surfaces M, Υ, and MΥ are shown in Figure 5; 0u,s22π. In view of κ2(s)κ2(s0) and Eq (3.37), the developable surface

    S:P(s,u)=(coss2+u2[cos(s2s2)+sin(s2s2)]sins2+u[(coss2+sins2)sins212(coss2sins2)coss2]s2u2(coss2sins2))
    Figure 5.  Illustrations of M, Υ and MΥ.

    is a tangent surface with γ(s) as a curvature line; 0s22π, and 1u1 (Figure 6).

    Figure 6.  Illustrations of the sweeping surface and the tangent plane.

    This paper introduce and study sweeping surface with a new RMDF associated with a curve on the surface. The paper further investigated the problem of requiring the sweeping surface is a developable surface. There are several opportunities for further work. An analogue of the problem addressed in this paper may be consider for surfaces in Minkowski 3-space. We will study this problem in the future.

    All of the data are available within the paper. The authors have no conflicts of interest.



    [1] F. Klok, Two moving coordinate frames for sweeping along a 3D trajectory, Comput. Aided Geom. D., 3 (1986), 217–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-8396(86)90039-7 doi: 10.1016/0167-8396(86)90039-7
    [2] W. Wang, B. Joe, Robust computation of the rotation minimizing frame for sweeping surface modelling, Comput. Aided Design, 29 (1997), 379–391. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0010-4485(96)00077-2 doi: 10.1016/S0010-4485(96)00077-2
    [3] T. Chen, P. Ye, J. Wang, Local interference detection and avoidance in five-axis NC machining of sculptured surfaces, Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol., 25 (2005), 343–349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-003-1921-6 doi: 10.1007/s00170-003-1921-6
    [4] R. Farouki, C. Giannelli, M. Sampoli, A. Sestini, Rotation-minimizing osculating frames, Comput. Aided Geom. D., 31 (2014), 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cagd.2013.11.003 doi: 10.1016/j.cagd.2013.11.003
    [5] R. Abdel-Baky, Y. Ynlütürk, On the curvatures of spacelike circular surface, Kuwait J. Sci., 43 (2016), 50–58.
    [6] S. Hu, Z. Wang, X. Tang, Tubular surfaces of center curves on spacelike surfaces in Lorentz-Minkowski 3-space, Math. Method. Appl. Sci, 42 (2019), 3136–3166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mma.5574 doi: 10.1002/mma.5574
    [7] R. Abdel-Baky, Developable surfaces through sweeping surfaces, Bull. Iran. Math. Soc., 45 (2019), 951–963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41980-018-0177-8 doi: 10.1007/s41980-018-0177-8
    [8] R. Abdel-Baky, N. Alluhaibi, A. Ali, F. Mofarreh, A study on timelike circular surfaces in Minkowski 3-space, Int. J. Geom. Methods M., 17 (2020), 2050074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S0219887820500747 doi: 10.1142/S0219887820500747
    [9] R. Abdel-Baky, F. Mofarreh, Sweeping surfaces according to type-2 Bishop frame in Euclidean 3-space, Asian-Eur. J. Math., 14 (2021), 2150184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1793557121501849 doi: 10.1142/S1793557121501849
    [10] S. Kobayashi, Differential geometry of curves and surfaces, Singapore: Springer Nature, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1739-6
    [11] T. Willmore, An introduction to differential geometry, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1959.
    [12] H. Zhao, G. Wang, A new method for designing a developable surface utilizing the surface pencil through a given curve, Prog. Nat. Sci., 18 (2008), 105–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2007.09.001 doi: 10.1016/j.pnsc.2007.09.001
    [13] C. Li, R. Wang, C. Zhu, Parametric representation of a surface pencil with a common line of curvature, Comput. Aided Design, 43 (2011), 1110–1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2011.05.001 doi: 10.1016/j.cad.2011.05.001
    [14] E. Bayram, F. Güler, E. Kasap, Parametric representation of a surface pencil with a common asymptotic curve, Comput. Aided Design, 44 (2012), 637–643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2012.02.007 doi: 10.1016/j.cad.2012.02.007
    [15] C. Li, R. Wang, C. Zhu, An approach for designing a developable surface through a given line of curvature, Comput. Aided Design, 45 (2013), 621–627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cad.2012.11.001 doi: 10.1016/j.cad.2012.11.001
  • This article has been cited by:

    1. Emad Solouma, Ibrahim Al-Dayel, Meraj Ali Khan, Youssef A. A. Lazer, Characterization of imbricate-ruled surfaces via rotation-minimizing Darboux frame in Minkowski 3-space $ \mathrm{E}_1^3 $, 2024, 9, 2473-6988, 13028, 10.3934/math.2024635
    2. Emad Solouma, Ibrahim Al-Dayel, Meraj Ali Khan, Mohamed Abdelkawy, Investigation of Special Type-Π Smarandache Ruled Surfaces Due to Rotation Minimizing Darboux Frame in E3, 2023, 15, 2073-8994, 2207, 10.3390/sym15122207
    3. Gökhan Köseoğlu, Mustafa Bilici, Involutive sweeping surfaces with Frenet frame in Euclidean 3-space, 2023, 9, 24058440, e18822, 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18822
    4. Özgür Boyacıoğlu Kalkan, Süleyman Şenyurt, Mustafa Bilici, Davut Canlı, Sweeping surfaces generated by involutes of a spacelike curve with a timelike binormal in Minkowski 3-space, 2025, 10, 2473-6988, 988, 10.3934/math.2025047
  • Reader Comments
  • © 2023 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Metrics

Article views(1985) PDF downloads(155) Cited by(4)

Figures and Tables

Figures(6)

Other Articles By Authors

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return
Return

Catalog