Effect of ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification on hardness and elastic modulus of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

Zarina Aringozhina; Nurtoleu Magazov; Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov; Gulzhaz Uazyrkhanova; Auezhan Amanov; Zarina Aringozhina; Nurtoleu Magazov; Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov; Gulzhaz Uazyrkhanova; Auezhan Amanov

doi:10.3934/matersci.2025008

AIMS Materials Science

2025, Volume 12, Issue 1: 101-117. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2025008

Previous Article Next Article

Research article

Effect of ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification on hardness and elastic modulus of Ti-6Al-4V alloy

1.
Protective and Functional Coatings Scientific Center, East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan
2.
International school of engineering, East Kazakhstan Technical University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan
3.
Surface Engineering and Tribology Research Center, East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan
4.
PlasmaScience LLP, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan
5.
Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland

Received: 24 November 2024 Revised: 16 January 2025 Accepted: 24 January 2025 Published: 17 February 2025

This study examined the effect of ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification (UNSM) on the mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. Samples with dimensions of 80 × 10 × 5 mm were treated using varying amplitudes (20–40 μm), static loads (20–60 N), and processing temperatures up to 400 ℃. The primary aim of this research was to identify the optimal processing parameters of UNSM to achieve superior mechanical properties and enhanced performance of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Systematic experiments were conducted by varying key parameters, such as ultrasonic amplitude, processing temperature, and applied static loads. The results revealed that the optimal UNSM parameters—30 μm amplitude, 400 ℃ processing temperature, and 40–60 N static load—significantly improved mechanical properties. Hardness increased from 394 (untreated) to 475 HV, while the elastic modulus reached 156 GPa, demonstrating substantial enhancements. Microstructural analysis confirmed that UNSM treatment promotes grain refinement, resulting in improved mechanical characteristics in the surface layer of the alloy. These findings highlight the potential of UNSM technology for applications requiring enhanced surface durability, strength, and wear resistance. This research provides valuable insights for industrial sectors, including aerospace, biomedical, and automotive industries, where high-performance materials are critical.
- Ti-6Al-4V alloy,
- hardness,
- ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification (UNSM),
- modulus of elasticity,
- microstructure
Citation: Zarina Aringozhina, Nurtoleu Magazov, Bauyrzhan Rakhadilov, Gulzhaz Uazyrkhanova, Auezhan Amanov. Effect of ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification on hardness and elastic modulus of Ti-6Al-4V alloy[J]. AIMS Materials Science, 2025, 12(1): 101-117. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2025008

Related Papers:

Abstract

This study examined the effect of ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification (UNSM) on the mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy. Samples with dimensions of 80 × 10 × 5 mm were treated using varying amplitudes (20–40 μm), static loads (20–60 N), and processing temperatures up to 400 ℃. The primary aim of this research was to identify the optimal processing parameters of UNSM to achieve superior mechanical properties and enhanced performance of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Systematic experiments were conducted by varying key parameters, such as ultrasonic amplitude, processing temperature, and applied static loads. The results revealed that the optimal UNSM parameters—30 μm amplitude, 400 ℃ processing temperature, and 40–60 N static load—significantly improved mechanical properties. Hardness increased from 394 (untreated) to 475 HV, while the elastic modulus reached 156 GPa, demonstrating substantial enhancements. Microstructural analysis confirmed that UNSM treatment promotes grain refinement, resulting in improved mechanical characteristics in the surface layer of the alloy. These findings highlight the potential of UNSM technology for applications requiring enhanced surface durability, strength, and wear resistance. This research provides valuable insights for industrial sectors, including aerospace, biomedical, and automotive industries, where high-performance materials are critical.

References

[1]	Yang ML, Xu JL, Huang J, et al. (2024) Wear resistance of N-Doped CoCrFeNiMn high entropy alloy coating on the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. J Therm Spray Tech 33: 2408–2418. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11666-024-01864-7 doi: 10.1007/s11666-024-01864-7
[2]	Magazov N, Satbaeva Z, Rakhadilov B, et al. (2023) A study on surface hardening and wear resistance of AISI 52100 steel by ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification and electrolytic plasma surface modification technologies. Materials 16: 6824. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16206824 doi: 10.3390/ma16206824
[3]	Gao JB, Ben DD, Yang HJ, et al. (2021) Effects of electropulsing on the microstructure and microhardness of a selective laser melted Ti6Al4V alloy. J Alloys Compd 875: 160044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.160044 doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2021.160044
[4]	Kishore A, John M, Ralls AM, et al. (2022) Ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification: Processes, characterization, properties, and applications. Nanomaterials 12: 1415. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12091415 doi: 10.3390/nano12091415
[5]	Ye Y, Wang H, Tang G, et al. (2018) Effect of electropulsing-assisted ultrasonic nanocrystalline surface modification on the surface mechanical properties and microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. J Mater Eng Perform 27: 2394–2403. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3248-3 doi: 10.1007/s11665-018-3248-3
[6]	Amanov A, Urmanov B, Amanov T, et al. (2017) Strengthening of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by high temperature ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification technique. Mater Lett 196: 198–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2017.03.059 doi: 10.1016/j.matlet.2017.03.059
[7]	Zha X, Yuan Z, Qin H, et al. (2024) Investigating the dynamic mechanical properties and strengthening mechanisms of Ti-6Al-4V alloy by using the ultrasonic surface rolling process. Materials 17: 1382. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17061382 doi: 10.3390/ma17061382
[8]	Cao X, Xu L, Xu X, et al. (2018) Fatigue fracture characteristics of Ti6Al4V subjected to ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification. Metals 8: 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/met8010077 doi: 10.3390/met8010077
[9]	Han C, Yan F, Yuan D, et al. (2024) Machine learning enabling prediction in mechanical performance of Ti6Al4V fabricated by large-scale laser powder bed fusion via a stacking model. Front Mech Eng 19: 25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11465-024-0796-0 doi: 10.1007/s11465-024-0796-0
[10]	Ao N, Liu D, Xu X, et al. (2019) Gradient nanostructure evolution and phase transformation of α phase in Ti-6Al-4V alloy induced by ultrasonic surface rolling process. Mater Sci Eng A 742: 820–834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2018.10.098 doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2018.10.098
[11]	Li G, Xiao X, Zhang W, et al. (2023) Effect of electropulsing-assisted ultrasonic strengthening on fatigue properties of HIP Ti–6Al–4V alloy. Metall Mater Trans A 54: 3912–3927. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-023-07142-5 doi: 10.1007/s11661-023-07142-5
[12]	Yuan D, Shao S, Guo C, et al. (2021) Grain refining of Ti-6Al-4V alloy fabricated by laser and wire additive manufacturing assisted with ultrasonic vibration. Ultrason Sonochem 73: 105472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105472 doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2021.105472
[13]	Ghamarian I, Samimi P, Telang A, et al. (2017) Characterization of the near-surface nanocrystalline microstructure of ultrasonically treated Ti-6Al-4V using ASTAR^TM/precession electron diffraction technique. Mater Sci Eng A 688: 524–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.02.029 doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2017.02.029
[14]	Zhang H, Zhang S, Zhang S, et al. (2023) High temperature deformation behavior of near-β titanium alloy Ti-3Al-6Cr-5V-5Mo at α + β and β phase fields. Crystals 13: 371. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst13030371 doi: 10.3390/cryst13030371
[15]	Luo Y, Heng Y, Wang Y, et al. (2014) Dynamic recrystallization behavior of TA15 titanium alloy under isothermal compression during hot deformation. Adv Mater Sci Eng 2014: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/413143 doi: 10.1155/2014/413143
[16]	Rakhadilov B, Satbayeva Z, Ramankulov S, et al. (2021) Change of 0.34Cr-1Ni-Mo-Fe steel dislocation structure in plasma electrolyte hardening. Materials 14: 1928. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081928 doi: 10.3390/ma14081928
[17]	Hansen N (2004) Hall–Petch relation and boundary strengthening. Scr Mater 51: 801–806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.06.002 doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.06.002
[18]	Callister WD (2006) Materials Science and Engineering: An Introduction, New Delhi: Wiley India.
[19]	Lütjering G, Williams JC (2007) Titanium based intermetallics, In: Lütjering G, Williams JC, Titanium. Engineering Materials, Processes, 2 Eds., Heidelberg, Springer Berlin, 337–366. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73036-1_8
[20]	Williams JC, Baggerly RG, Paton NE (2002) Deformation behavior of HCP Ti-Al alloy single crystals. Metall Mater Trans A 33: 837–850. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0153-y doi: 10.1007/s11661-002-0153-y
[21]	Hu Q, Liu W, Song Y, et al. (2024) Influence of solid solution treatment on fatigue crack propagation behavior in the thickness direction of 2519A aluminum alloy thick plates. Eng Fract Mech 302: 110069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfracmech.2024.110069 doi: 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2024.110069
[22]	Huang M, Wang L, Wang C, et al. (2024) Optimizing crack initiation energy in austenitic steel via controlled martensitic transformation. J Mater Sci Technol 198: 231–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmst.2024.02.019 doi: 10.1016/j.jmst.2024.02.019

Reader Comments

Your name:*

Email:*
© 2025 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)