Aspergillus-Penicillium co-culture: An investigation of bioagents for controlling Fusarium proliferatum-induced basal rot in onion

Mohammed M. M. Abdelrahem; Mohamed E. Abouelela; Nageh F. Abo-Dahab; Abdallah M. A. Hassane; Mohammed M. M. Abdelrahem; Mohamed E. Abouelela; Nageh F. Abo-Dahab; Abdallah M. A. Hassane

doi:10.3934/microbiol.2024044

AIMS Microbiology

2024, Volume 10, Issue 4: 1024-1051. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2024044

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Research article

Aspergillus-Penicillium co-culture: An investigation of bioagents for controlling Fusarium proliferatum-induced basal rot in onion

1.
Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
2.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt

Received: 26 July 2024 Revised: 03 October 2024 Accepted: 12 November 2024 Published: 19 November 2024

Fungal co-culture is a method that allows the detection of interactions between fungi, enabling the examination of bioactive novel metabolites induction that may not be produced in monocultures. Worldwide, Fusarium basal rot is a primary limitation to onion yield, being caused by different Fusarium species. Current research directions encourage biological control of plant diseases as a replacement for routine chemical treatments. The current study aimed to investigate the co-culturing technique for mining new sources of bioagents that could be used as fungicides. Aspergillus ochraceus AUMC15539 was co-cultured with Penicillium chrysogenum AUMC15504, and their ethyl acetate extract was tested in vitro and in a greenhouse against Fusarium proliferatum AUMC15541. The results showed that Aspergillus-Penicillium (AP) co-culture extract significantly inhibited the growth of F. proliferatum with an MIC value of 0.78 mg/mL and showed antioxidant efficiency with an IC₅₀ value of 1.31 mg/mL. The brine shrimp toxicity testing showed a LC₅₀ value of 2.77 mg/mL. In addition, the co-culture extract showed the highest phenolic content at 114.71 GAE mg/g, with a 27.82 QE mg/g flavonoid content. Profiling of AP co-culture and its monoculture extracts by HPLC revealed a change in the metabolites profile in AP co-culture. Principal component analysis verified a positive correlation between the obtained HPLC data of A. ochraceus (A), P. chrysogenum (P), and AP extracts. Greenhouse experiments demonstrated that treating infected onion plants with the AP co-culture extract significantly enhanced all growth parameters. Additionally, the co-culture extract treatment resulted in the highest levels of total pigments (3.46 mg/g), carbohydrates (52.10 mg/g dry weight), proteins (131.44 mg/g), phenolics (41.66 GAE mg/g), and flavonoids (9.43 QE mg/g) compared with other treatments. This indicates a promising potential for fungal co-cultures in discovering new bioagents with antifungal properties and growth-promoting capabilities.
- co-culture,
- Aspergillus,
- Penicillium,
- Fusarium basal rot,
- onion,
- HPLC profiling,
- principal component analysis
Citation: Mohammed M. M. Abdelrahem, Mohamed E. Abouelela, Nageh F. Abo-Dahab, Abdallah M. A. Hassane. Aspergillus-Penicillium co-culture: An investigation of bioagents for controlling Fusarium proliferatum-induced basal rot in onion[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2024, 10(4): 1024-1051. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2024044

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Abstract

Fungal co-culture is a method that allows the detection of interactions between fungi, enabling the examination of bioactive novel metabolites induction that may not be produced in monocultures. Worldwide, Fusarium basal rot is a primary limitation to onion yield, being caused by different Fusarium species. Current research directions encourage biological control of plant diseases as a replacement for routine chemical treatments. The current study aimed to investigate the co-culturing technique for mining new sources of bioagents that could be used as fungicides. Aspergillus ochraceus AUMC15539 was co-cultured with Penicillium chrysogenum AUMC15504, and their ethyl acetate extract was tested in vitro and in a greenhouse against Fusarium proliferatum AUMC15541. The results showed that Aspergillus-Penicillium (AP) co-culture extract significantly inhibited the growth of F. proliferatum with an MIC value of 0.78 mg/mL and showed antioxidant efficiency with an IC₅₀ value of 1.31 mg/mL. The brine shrimp toxicity testing showed a LC₅₀ value of 2.77 mg/mL. In addition, the co-culture extract showed the highest phenolic content at 114.71 GAE mg/g, with a 27.82 QE mg/g flavonoid content. Profiling of AP co-culture and its monoculture extracts by HPLC revealed a change in the metabolites profile in AP co-culture. Principal component analysis verified a positive correlation between the obtained HPLC data of A. ochraceus (A), P. chrysogenum (P), and AP extracts. Greenhouse experiments demonstrated that treating infected onion plants with the AP co-culture extract significantly enhanced all growth parameters. Additionally, the co-culture extract treatment resulted in the highest levels of total pigments (3.46 mg/g), carbohydrates (52.10 mg/g dry weight), proteins (131.44 mg/g), phenolics (41.66 GAE mg/g), and flavonoids (9.43 QE mg/g) compared with other treatments. This indicates a promising potential for fungal co-cultures in discovering new bioagents with antifungal properties and growth-promoting capabilities.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Author contributions

All the authors contributed to the conception, design, and methodology of the study. The data collection and laboratory work were performed by MMMA, MEA, and AMAH. Analysis of the data was carried out by NFA, MEA, and AMAH. The draft manuscript was written by MEA and AMAH, and the final manuscript was corrected and approved by all the authors.

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