Mechanical properties and failure analysis of laminated magnesium-intermetallic composites

Marek Konieczny; Marek Konieczny

doi:10.3934/matersci.2022034

AIMS Materials Science

2022, Volume 9, Issue 4: 572-583. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2022034

Previous Article Next Article

Research article

Mechanical properties and failure analysis of laminated magnesium-intermetallic composites

Marek Konieczny ^,

Department of Metal Science and Materials Technologies, Kielce University of Technology, Kielce, Poland

Received: 07 June 2022 Revised: 22 July 2022 Accepted: 27 July 2022 Published: 02 August 2022

Laminated Mg-intermetallic composites were successfully fabricated by reaction synthesis in vacuum using 1 mm thick magnesium sheets and 0.25 mm thick copper foils. The final microstructure consisted of alternating layers of a hypoeutectic alloy containing crystals of CuMg₂ and eutectic mixture of CuMg₂ and solid solution of copper in magnesium and unreacted magnesium. The mechanical properties and fracture behavior of the fabricated composites were examined under different loading directions through compression, three-point bending and impact tests. The results indicated that the composites exhibited anisotropic features. The specimens compressed in the parallel direction failed by cracking along the layers of intermetallics and buckling of magnesium layers. The specimens compressed in the perpendicular direction failed by transverse cracking in the intermetallic layers and fallowing catastrophic cracking inclined about 45° to the interface of both intermetallic and magnesium layers. The flexural strength of the composites was higher in perpendicular than in parallel direction. When the load parallel to the layers was applied, the failure occurred by cleavage mode showing limited plastic deformation. When the load perpendicular to the layers was applied, the failure occurred by transverse cracking of the intermetallic layers and gradual cracking of the Mg layers. The Charpy-tested samples showed the same fracture behavior as the bend-tested specimens, which indicated that the same mechanisms operated at both high impact rate and low bending-test rate.
- magnesium,
- copper,
- intermetallics,
- laminated composite,
- failure,
- mechanical properties
Citation: Marek Konieczny. Mechanical properties and failure analysis of laminated magnesium-intermetallic composites[J]. AIMS Materials Science, 2022, 9(4): 572-583. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2022034

Related Papers:

Abstract

Laminated Mg-intermetallic composites were successfully fabricated by reaction synthesis in vacuum using 1 mm thick magnesium sheets and 0.25 mm thick copper foils. The final microstructure consisted of alternating layers of a hypoeutectic alloy containing crystals of CuMg₂ and eutectic mixture of CuMg₂ and solid solution of copper in magnesium and unreacted magnesium. The mechanical properties and fracture behavior of the fabricated composites were examined under different loading directions through compression, three-point bending and impact tests. The results indicated that the composites exhibited anisotropic features. The specimens compressed in the parallel direction failed by cracking along the layers of intermetallics and buckling of magnesium layers. The specimens compressed in the perpendicular direction failed by transverse cracking in the intermetallic layers and fallowing catastrophic cracking inclined about 45° to the interface of both intermetallic and magnesium layers. The flexural strength of the composites was higher in perpendicular than in parallel direction. When the load parallel to the layers was applied, the failure occurred by cleavage mode showing limited plastic deformation. When the load perpendicular to the layers was applied, the failure occurred by transverse cracking of the intermetallic layers and gradual cracking of the Mg layers. The Charpy-tested samples showed the same fracture behavior as the bend-tested specimens, which indicated that the same mechanisms operated at both high impact rate and low bending-test rate.

References

[1]	Friedrich H, Schumann S (2001) Research for a "new age of magnesium" in the automotive industry. J Mater Process Tech 117: 276–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0924-0136(01)00780-4 doi: 10.1016/S0924-0136(01)00780-4
[2]	Mordike BL, Ebert T (2001) Magnesium: properties-applications-potential. Mater Sci Eng A-Struct 302: 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01351-4 doi: 10.1016/S0921-5093(00)01351-4
[3]	Luo AA (2013) Magnesium casting technology for structural applications. J Magnes Alloys 1: 2–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2013.02.002 doi: 10.1016/j.jma.2013.02.002
[4]	Vahid A, Hodgson P, Li Y (2017) Reinforced magnesium composites by metallic particles for biomedical applications. Mater Sci Eng A-Struct 685: 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2017.01.017 doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2017.01.017
[5]	Nie KB, Wang XJ, Deng KK, et al. (2021) Magnesium matrix composite reinforced by nanoparticles—A review. J Magnes Alloys 9: 57–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jma.2020.08.018 doi: 10.1016/j.jma.2020.08.018
[6]	Matin A, Fereshteh Saniee F, Reza Abedi H (2015) Microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg/SiC and AZ80/SiC nano-composites fabricated through stir casting method. Mater Sci Eng A-Struct 625: 81–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2014.11.050 doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2014.11.050
[7]	Cortes P, Cantwell WJ (2004) Fracture properties of a fiber-metal laminates based on magnesium alloy. J Mater Sci 39: 1081–1083. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JMSC.0000012949.94672.77 doi: 10.1023/B:JMSC.0000012949.94672.77
[8]	Qi L, Ju L, Zhou J, et al. (2017) Tensile and fatigue behavior of carbon fiber reinforced magnesium composite fabricated by liquid-solid extrusion following vacuum pressure infiltration. J Alloy Compd 721: 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.05.312 doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.05.312
[9]	Zhang X, Fang L, Xiong B, et al. (2015) Microstructure and tensile properties of Mg (AM60)/Al₂O₃ metal matrix composites with varying volume fractions of fiber reinforcement. J Mater Eng Perform 24: 4601–4611. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-015-1772-y doi: 10.1007/s11665-015-1772-y
[10]	Dziadoń A, Mola R, Błaż L (2011) Formation of layered Mg/eutectic composite using diffusional process at the Mg-Al interface. Arch Metall Mater 56: 677–684. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10172-011-0074-0 doi: 10.2478/v10172-011-0074-0
[11]	Takeichi N, Tanaka K, Tanaka H, et al. (2007) Hydrogen storage properties of Mg/Cu and Mg/Pd laminate composites and metallographic structure. J Alloy Compd 446–447: 543–548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.04.220 doi: 10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.04.220
[12]	Wang P, Chen Z, Huang H, et al. (2021) Fabrication of Ti/Al/Mg laminated composites by hot roll bonding and their microstructures and mechanical properties. Chinese J Aeronaut 34: 192–201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2020.08.044 doi: 10.1016/j.cja.2020.08.044
[13]	Konieczny M (2022) Microstructure evolution of laminated magnesium-intermetallics composite, Proceedings of the conference METAL 2022—31st International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, 67.
[14]	Wadsworth J, Lesuer DR (2000) Ancient and modern laminated composites—from the Great Pyramid of Gizeh to Y2K. Mater Charact 45: 289–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1044-5803(00)00077-2 doi: 10.1016/S1044-5803(00)00077-2
[15]	Vecchio KS (2005) Synthetic multifunctional metallic-intermetallic laminate composites. JOM 57: 25–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-005-0229-4 doi: 10.1007/s11837-005-0178-y
[16]	Dziadoń A, Konieczny M (2004) Structural transformations at the Cu-Ti interface during synthesis of copper-intermetallics layered composite. Kov Mater 42: 42–50.
[17]	Konieczny M, Dziadoń A (2007) Mechanical behaviour of multilayer metal-intermetallic laminate composite synthesised by reactive sintering of Cu/Ti foils. Arch Metall Mater 52: 555–562.
[18]	Konieczny M, Mola R (2008) Fabrication, microstructure and properties of laminated iron-intermetallic composites. Steel Res Int 79: 499–505.
[19]	Wang H, Han J, Du S, et al. (2007) Effects of Ni foil thickness on the microstructure and tensile properties of reaction synthesized multilayer composites. Mater Sci Eng A-Struct 445–446: 517–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2006.09.082 doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2006.09.082
[20]	Li T, Olevsky EA, Meyers MA (2008) The development of residual stresses in Ti6Al4V-Al₃Ti metal-intermetallic (MIL) composites. Mater Sci Eng A-Struct 473: 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2007.03.069 doi: 10.1016/j.msea.2007.03.069
[21]	Cao HC, Evans AG (1991) On crack extension in ductile/brittle laminates. Acta Metal Mater 39: 2997–3005. https://doi.org/10.1016/0956-7151(91)90032-V doi: 10.1016/0956-7151(91)90032-V
[22]	Bruno D, Greco F, Lonetti P (2005) Computation of energy release rate and mode separation in delaminated composite plates by using plate and interface variables. Mech Adv Mater Struc 12: 285–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376490590953563 doi: 10.1080/15376490590953563
[23]	Shi Y, Swait T, Soutis C (2012) Modelling damage evolution in composite laminates subjected to low velocity impact. Compos Struct 94: 2902–2913. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.03.039 doi: 10.1016/j.compstruct.2012.03.039
[24]	Predel B (1994) Cu-Mg (Copper-Magnesium), In: Madelung O, Phase Equilibria, Crystallographic and Thermodynamic Data of Binary Alloys, Landolt-Börnstein-Group Ⅳ Physical Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1007/b47753
[25]	Wu H, Huang M, Li X, et al. (2021) Temperature-dependent reversed fracture behavior of multilayered TiBw/Ti–Ti(Al) composites. Int J Plast 141: 102998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2021.102998 doi: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2021.102998

Reader Comments

Your name:*

Email:*
© 2022 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)