With the continuous development and progress of society, age estimation based on deep learning has gradually become a key link in human-computer interaction. Widely combined with other fields of application, this paper performs a gradient division of human fall behavior according to the age estimation of the human body, a complete priority detection of the key population, and a phased single aggregation backbone network VoVNetv4 was proposed for feature extraction. At the same time, the regional single aggregation module ROSA module was constructed to encapsulate the feature module regionally. The adaptive stage module was used for feature smoothing. Consistent predictions for each task were made using the CORAL framework as a classifier and tasks were divided in binary. At the same time, a gradient two-node fall detection framework combined with age estimation was designed. The detection was divided into a primary node and a secondary node. In the first-level node, the age estimation algorithm based on VoVNetv4 was used to classify the population of different age groups. A face tracking algorithm was constructed by combining the key point matrices of humans, and the body processed by OpenPose with the central coordinates of the human face. In the secondary node, human age gradient information was used to detect human falls based on the AT-MLP model. The experimental results show that compared with Resnet-34, the MAE value of the proposed method decreased by 0.41. Compared with curriculum learning and the CORAL-CNN method, MAE value decreased by 0.17 relative to the RMSE value. Compared with other methods, the method in this paper was significantly lower, with a biggest drop of 0.51.
Citation: Jiayi Yu, Ye Tao, Huan Zhang, Zhibiao Wang, Wenhua Cui, Tianwei Shi. Age estimation algorithm based on deep learning and its application in fall detection[J]. Electronic Research Archive, 2023, 31(8): 4907-4924. doi: 10.3934/era.2023251
With the continuous development and progress of society, age estimation based on deep learning has gradually become a key link in human-computer interaction. Widely combined with other fields of application, this paper performs a gradient division of human fall behavior according to the age estimation of the human body, a complete priority detection of the key population, and a phased single aggregation backbone network VoVNetv4 was proposed for feature extraction. At the same time, the regional single aggregation module ROSA module was constructed to encapsulate the feature module regionally. The adaptive stage module was used for feature smoothing. Consistent predictions for each task were made using the CORAL framework as a classifier and tasks were divided in binary. At the same time, a gradient two-node fall detection framework combined with age estimation was designed. The detection was divided into a primary node and a secondary node. In the first-level node, the age estimation algorithm based on VoVNetv4 was used to classify the population of different age groups. A face tracking algorithm was constructed by combining the key point matrices of humans, and the body processed by OpenPose with the central coordinates of the human face. In the secondary node, human age gradient information was used to detect human falls based on the AT-MLP model. The experimental results show that compared with Resnet-34, the MAE value of the proposed method decreased by 0.41. Compared with curriculum learning and the CORAL-CNN method, MAE value decreased by 0.17 relative to the RMSE value. Compared with other methods, the method in this paper was significantly lower, with a biggest drop of 0.51.
[1] | A. F. Bekhit, Introduction to computer vision, in Computer Vision and Augmented Reality in iOS, 1 (2022), 1−20. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-7462-0_1 |
[2] | J. Han, L. Shao, D. Xu, J. Shotton, Enhanced computer vision with microsoft kinect sensor: a review, IEEE Trans. Cybern., 43 (2013), 1318−1334. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCYB.2013.2265378 doi: 10.1109/TCYB.2013.2265378 |
[3] | Y. O. Sharrab, I. Alsmadi, N. J. Sarhan, Towards the availability of video communication in artificial intelligence-based computer vision systems utilizing a multi-objective function, Cluster Comput., 25 (2022), 231−247. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-021-03391-4 doi: 10.1007/s10586-021-03391-4 |
[4] | N. Haering, P. L. Venetianer, A. Lipton, The evolution of video surveillance:an overview, Mach. Vision Appl., 19 (2008), 279−290. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00138-008-0152-0 doi: 10.1007/s00138-008-0152-0 |
[5] | Y. Zhang, H. Liu, Constraints and countermeasures of the new situation of population on the future development of higher vocational education−based on the analysis of the seventh national population survey (in Chinese), Educ. Vocation, 6 (2022), 12−20. https://doi.org/10.13615/j.cnki.1004-3985.2022.06.016 doi: 10.13615/j.cnki.1004-3985.2022.06.016 |
[6] | P. Li, Y. Hu, X. Wu, R. He, Z. Sun, Deep label refinement forage estimation, Pattern Recognit., 100 (2020), 107178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2019.107178 doi: 10.1016/j.patcog.2019.107178 |
[7] | Y. Yu, K. Tang, Y. Liu, A fine-tuning based approach for daily activity recognition between smart homes, Appl. Sci., 13 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/app13095706 doi: 10.3390/app13095706 |
[8] | Z. Li, F. Liu, W. Yang, S. Peng, J. Zhou, A survey of convolutional neural networks: analysis, applications, and prospects, IEEE Trans. Neural Networks Learn. Syst., 33 (2022), 6999−7019. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2021.3084827 doi: 10.1109/TNNLS.2021.3084827 |
[9] | O. Guehairia, A. Ouamane, F. Dornaika, A. Taleb-Ahmed, Deep random forest for facial age estimation based on face images, in 2020 1st International Conference on Communications, Control Systems and Signal Processing (CCSSP), IEEE, (2020), 305−309. https://doi.org/10.1109/CCSSP49278.2020.9151621 |
[10] | M. M. Badr, A. M. Sarhan, R. M. Elbasiony, ICRL: using landmark ratios with cascade model for an accurate age estimation system using deep neural networks, J. Intell. Fuzzy Syst., 43 (2022), 72−79. https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-211267 doi: 10.3233/JIFS-211267 |
[11] | B. Zhang, Y. Bao, Age estimation of faces in videos using head pose estimation and convolutional neural networks, Sensors, 22 (2022), 4171. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114171 doi: 10.3390/s22114171 |
[12] | S. Pramanik, H. A. B. Dahlan, Face age estimation using shortcut identity connection of convolutional neural network, Int. J. Adv. Comput. Sci. Appl., 13 (2022), 515−521. https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2022.0130459 doi: 10.14569/IJACSA.2022.0130459 |
[13] | K. Y. Chang, C. S. Chen, Y. P. Hung, Ordinal hyperplanes ranker with cost sensitivities for age estimation, in CVPR 2011, IEEE, (2011), 585−592. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2011.5995437 |
[14] | W. Wang, T. Ishikawa, H. Watanabe, Facial age estimation by curriculum learning, in 2020 IEEE 9th Global Conference on Consumer Electronics (GCCE), IEEE, (2020), 138−139. https://doi.org/10.1109/GCCE50665.2020.9291929 |
[15] | G. L. Santos, P. T. Endo, K. H. de Carvalho Monteiro, E. da Silva Rocha, I. Silva, T. Lynn, Accelerometer-based human fall detection using convolutional neural networks, Sensors, 19 (2019), 1644. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19071644 doi: 10.3390/s19071644 |
[16] | Z. Niu, M. Zhou, L. Wang, X. Gao, G. Hua, Ordinal regression with multiple output cnn for age estimation, in 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), (2016), 4920−4928. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2016.532 |
[17] | A. Schmeling, G. Geserick, W. Reisinger, A. Olze, Age estimation, Forensic Sci. Int., 165 (2007), 178−181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.05.016 doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2006.05.016 |
[18] | K. He, X. Zhang, S. Ren, J. Sun, Deep residual learning for image recognition, in 2016 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), (2016), 770−778. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2016.90 |
[19] | G. Huang, Z. Liu, L. van der Maaten, K. Q. Weinberger, Densely connected convolutional networks, in 2017 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR), (2017), 4700−4708. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2017.243 |
[20] | O. Agbo-Ajala, S. Viriri, Deep learning approach for facial age classification:a survey of the state-of-the-art, Artif. Intell. Rev., 54 (2021), 179−213. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-020-09855-0 doi: 10.1007/s10462-020-09855-0 |
[21] | Y. Ma, Y. Tao, Y. Gong, W. Cui, B. Wang, Driver identification and fatigue detection algorithm based on deep learning, Math. Biosci. Eng., 20 (2023), 8162−8189. https://doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2023355 doi: 10.3934/mbe.2023355 |