All-in-one encoder/decoder approach for non-destructive identification of 3D-printed objects

Choonsung Shin; Sung-Hee Hong; Hieyoung Jeong; Hyoseok Yoon; Byoungsoo Koh; Choonsung Shin; Sung-Hee Hong; Hieyoung Jeong; Hyoseok Yoon; Byoungsoo Koh

doi:10.3934/mbe.2022657

Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering

2022, Volume 19, Issue 12: 14102-14115. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2022657

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All-in-one encoder/decoder approach for non-destructive identification of 3D-printed objects

1.
Graduate School of Culture, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
2.
Hologram Research Center, Korea Electronics Technology Institute, Seoul, Korea
3.
Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
4.
Division of Computer Engineering, Hanshin University, Osan-si, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
5.
CT R & D Team, Korea Creative Content Agency, Naju-si, Jeollanam-do, Korea

Academic Editor: Jong Hyuk Park

Received: 30 June 2022 Revised: 13 September 2022 Accepted: 19 September 2022 Published: 26 September 2022

This paper presents an all-in-one encoder/decoder approach for the nondestructive identification of three-dimensional (3D)-printed objects. The proposed method consists of three parts: 3D code insertion, terahertz (THz)-based detection, and code extraction. During code insertion, a relevant one-dimensional (1D) identification code is generated to identify the 3D-printed object. A 3D barcode corresponding to the identification barcode is then generated and inserted into a blank bottom area inside the object's stereolithography (STL) file. For this objective, it is necessary to find an appropriate area of the STL file and to merge the 3D barcode and the model within the STL file. Next the information generated inside the object is extracted by using THz waves that are transmitted and reflected by the output 3D object. Finally, the resulting THz signal from the target object is detected and analyzed to extract the identification information. We implemented and tested the proposed method using a 3D graphic environment and a THz time-domain spectroscopy system. The experimental results indicate that one-dimensional barcodes are useful for identifying 3D-printed objects because they are simple and practical to process. Furthermore, information efficiency can be increased by using an integral fast Fourier transform to identify any code located in areas deeper within the object. As 3D printing is used in various fields, the proposed method is expected to contribute to the acceleration of the distribution of 3D printing empowered by the integration of the internal code insertion and recognition process.
- 3D printing,
- 3D object tagging,
- 3D scanning,
- terahertz,
- non-destructive identification
Citation: Choonsung Shin, Sung-Hee Hong, Hieyoung Jeong, Hyoseok Yoon, Byoungsoo Koh. All-in-one encoder/decoder approach for non-destructive identification of 3D-printed objects[J]. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 2022, 19(12): 14102-14115. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2022657

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Abstract

This paper presents an all-in-one encoder/decoder approach for the nondestructive identification of three-dimensional (3D)-printed objects. The proposed method consists of three parts: 3D code insertion, terahertz (THz)-based detection, and code extraction. During code insertion, a relevant one-dimensional (1D) identification code is generated to identify the 3D-printed object. A 3D barcode corresponding to the identification barcode is then generated and inserted into a blank bottom area inside the object's stereolithography (STL) file. For this objective, it is necessary to find an appropriate area of the STL file and to merge the 3D barcode and the model within the STL file. Next the information generated inside the object is extracted by using THz waves that are transmitted and reflected by the output 3D object. Finally, the resulting THz signal from the target object is detected and analyzed to extract the identification information. We implemented and tested the proposed method using a 3D graphic environment and a THz time-domain spectroscopy system. The experimental results indicate that one-dimensional barcodes are useful for identifying 3D-printed objects because they are simple and practical to process. Furthermore, information efficiency can be increased by using an integral fast Fourier transform to identify any code located in areas deeper within the object. As 3D printing is used in various fields, the proposed method is expected to contribute to the acceleration of the distribution of 3D printing empowered by the integration of the internal code insertion and recognition process.

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