Citation: Pim Donkers, Leo Pel, Michael Steiger, Olaf Adan. Deammoniation and ammoniation processes with ammonia complexes[J]. AIMS Energy, 2016, 4(6): 936-950. doi: 10.3934/energy.2016.6.936
[1] | Khadim Ndiaye, Stéphane Ginestet, Martin Cyr . Thermal energy storage based on cementitious materials: A review. AIMS Energy, 2018, 6(1): 97-120. doi: 10.3934/energy.2018.1.97 |
[2] | D.M. Reddy Prasad, R. Senthilkumar, Govindarajan Lakshmanarao, Saravanakumar Krishnan, B.S. Naveen Prasad . A critical review on thermal energy storage materials and systems for solar applications. AIMS Energy, 2019, 7(4): 507-526. doi: 10.3934/energy.2019.4.507 |
[3] | Jialin Song, Haoyi Zhang, Yanming Zhang, Zhongjiao Ma, Mingfei He . Research progress on industrial waste heat recycling and seasonal energy storage. AIMS Energy, 2025, 13(1): 147-187. doi: 10.3934/energy.2025006 |
[4] | Surender Reddy Salkuti . Sustainable energy technologies for emerging renewable energy and electric vehicles. AIMS Energy, 2024, 12(6): 1264-1270. doi: 10.3934/energy.2024057 |
[5] | Eugene Freeman, Davide Occello, Frank Barnes . Energy storage for electrical systems in the USA. AIMS Energy, 2016, 4(6): 856-875. doi: 10.3934/energy.2016.6.856 |
[6] | Solomon A. A., Michel Child, Upeksha Caldera, Christian Breyer . Exploiting wind-solar resource complementarity to reduce energy storage need. AIMS Energy, 2020, 8(5): 749-770. doi: 10.3934/energy.2020.5.749 |
[7] | Khuthadzo Kgopana, Olawale Popoola . Improved utilization of hybrid energy for low-income houses based on energy consumption pattern. AIMS Energy, 2023, 11(1): 79-109. doi: 10.3934/energy.2023005 |
[8] | Thomas Wetzel, Julio Pacio, Luca Marocco, Alfons Weisenburger, Annette Heinzel, Wolfgang Hering, Carsten Schroer, Georg Muller, Jurgen Konys, Robert Stieglitz, Joachim Fuchs, Joachim Knebel, Concetta Fazio, Markus Daubner, Frank Fellmoser . Liquid metal technology for concentrated solar power systems: Contributions by the German research program. AIMS Energy, 2014, 2(1): 89-98. doi: 10.3934/energy.2014.1.89 |
[9] | María P. Pablo-Romero, Antonio Sánchez-Braza, Manuel González-Pablo Romero . Renewable energy in Latin America. AIMS Energy, 2022, 10(4): 695-717. doi: 10.3934/energy.2022033 |
[10] | Dessie Tadele Embiale, Dawit Gudeta Gunjo, Chandraprabu Venkatachalam, Mohanram Parthiban . Experimental investigation and exergy and energy analysis of a forced convection solar fish dryer integrated with thermal energy storage. AIMS Energy, 2022, 10(3): 412-433. doi: 10.3934/energy.2022021 |
A publication of Goldstein [1] marks the beginning of the renewed interest in salt hydrates, i.e. salts that contain a definite number of water molecules in the crystal lattice. Besides water, salts can also include solvents like ammonia, i.e., the so called ammoniates, and methanol, i.e., methanol solvates. The general equation for gas-solid equilibrium reactions will look like [2]:
MX⋅nL(s)⇌MX⋅mL(s)+(n−m)L(g). | (1) |
where MX⋅nL(s) is a solid salt complex formed from a salt MX⋅(m)L(s) and (n−m) mol solvent, which is present as vapor. The amount of L inside product MX is called the loading of the salt. The decomposition reaction of MX⋅nL is endothermic, i.e. it consumes energy (-ΔrHm→n), whereas in the exothermic formation reaction of MX⋅nL energy (ΔrHm→n) is produced. Hence, this system is ideal for storing heat loss-free: an ideal "heat battery". The operational parameters for this equilibrium reaction are the vapor pressure of solvate L and the stored chemical energy inside the salt complex. By applying a high vapor pressure complexes with a higher loading of solvate will be formed and heat is generated. In contrast, upon applying energy to the salt complex by increasing the temperature, the salt complex will decompose.
The possibility to control the heat release and storage just by two parameters, i.e., temperature and vapor pressure, makes gas-solid reactions a promising system for heat storage applications. For a particular heat storage system in the build environment, the solvent should be selected based on the vapor pressure at the desired working conditions. This vapor pressure is preferably around 0.1--10 MPa at the temperature range where the system is operational. A high vapor pressure increases the rate of reaction of the solvent with the ammoniates [6], but in general at high vapor pressures additional safety precautions are needed. Three main solvents [2,7] can be identified as options for heat storage by thermochemical reactions: water, ammonia and methanol. Each solvent has a specific set of working conditions, as decomposition temperature and solvent pressure, in combination with a certain type of salt. Also the toxicity and explosive limits have to be taken into account in choosing a salt and a solvent for a certain application. In Table 1 the main characteristics of the pure solvents are given. It shows that by increasing the working pressure respectively ammonia, methanol and water have to be selected.
Solvent | NH3 | CH3OH | H2O |
Vapor pressure at 300 K (MPa) | 1.2 | 0.05 | 0.012 |
Boiling temperature (K) | 240 | 337 | 373 |
Melting temperature (K) | 196 | 176 | 273.2 |
Flammability (%) | 15-25 | 6-36 | - |
Toxicity (ppm) (US PEL) | 50 | 200 | - |
Advantages of heat storage based on a solid-gas reaction (Thermochemical materials TCM's) are the relatively high energy density of 0.5--2 GJ/m3, storage without loss of heat and relatively low costs of storage materials [8]. The current application of the TCM is foreseen on heat storage for domestic environment. By using materials like ammonia and methanol, heat storage is probably decentralized stored at district level, as the safety regulation with ammonia and methanol are strict. In case the reaction is with water, the heat storage system can be stored in houses. The high energy density and no loss of heat during storage period make this system favorable above a more simplified system like sensible heat storage.
In general, salts in combination with water are well described and information about crystal structures, thermochemical characteristics and densities can be found in extensive compilations of chemical data like the Gmelin ([9]). In contrast, salt complexes in combination with methanol and ammonia are rarely mentioned in literature. Indeed, about methanol complexes literature is hardly available [7]. Ammonia salt complexes have been well studied in the past.
In this paper our goal is to summarize this large set of thermodynamic data of salt complexes with ammonia to be able to identify the most suitable ammoniates for a heat storage system in domestic environment. In the first section, we will give a flavor of the large history in ammonia research and an overview of the ammoniates. The next section we will summarize the observations and these will be discussed afterwards.
In the second half of the 19th century, the first articles were published about the dissociation pressures of ammoniates at constant temperature. The first articles published dealt with chloride complexes [10,11]. After the development of the heat theorem of Nernst [12], as first published in 1906, more research was performed on ammoniates. In this research the focus was mainly on the decomposition schemes of the ammoniates by varying the ammonia partial pressure at constant temperature [13,14,15,16].
The most detailed investigations were done by two research groups in the beginning of the 20th century. These two groups studied a large number of salt complexes, using similar procedures as mentioned above. Firstly, they grew highly loaded ammoniates, which were decomposed by changing the ammonia pressure at constant temperature. Examples of the isotherms are given in Figure 1, showing the decomposition of MgI2⋅6NH3 at two temperatures, i.e. 488 K and 503 K. As can be seen, in case the system is equilibrated at a higher temperature, the decomposition starts at a higher vapor pressure. After recording these curves, ΔrH0 was calculated. This is called the enthalpy of reaction, which is defined by the energy necessary to decompose an ammoniakate into a lower ammoniated salt and ammonia (MX⋅nNH3(s) + ΔrH0m→n ⇌ MX⋅mNH3(s)(s) + (n−m)NH3(g)). The basic thermodynamic equation for the equilibrium between a condensed phase (solid or liquid) and the vapor phase of a pure substance, under conditions of low pressure, is used for this [18]:
lnpp0=ΔH0m→nRT−ΔS0m→nR, | (2) |
where p is the decomposition vapor pressure in Pa, p0 is the reference vapor pressure of 105 Pa, ΔrH0m→n is the standard enthalpy of a salt in J/mol, T is the temperature in Kelvin. For the reaction of MgI2⋅6NH3 into MgI2⋅2NH3 the ΔrH0m→n = (74±3)⋅101 kJ/mol ΔrH0 at a vapor pressure of 0.9 MPa and a temperature of 613 K [17].
This equation allows to calculate with know decomposition temperatures and pressures the corresponding enthalpy and entropy of reaction ΔrH0m→n of a salt.
We can group the literature about ammoniates:
• General literature: [19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28].
• Halogenides: Cl[20,15,29,10,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,11,27,1,37,38,39,40,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,17,50,51,52,13,2,16,53,54,55,56,57,58], Br[20,33,29,32,35,36,27,37,38,59,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,17,50,51,52,14,54,55,57,60,58], I [20,33,29,34,32,35,36,27,37,59,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,17,50,51,52,54,55,57,58] and F [61,14].
• Alkali metals: Li [49,20,13,16,57,27]; Na[49,20,27,34]; K [49,20,34]; Rb [49,20,34] and Cs [49,20].
• Alkaline earth metals: [20,50,51,62,30]; Mg [20,17,50,54]; Ca [20,63,2,1,27,35,10,31]; Sr [20,63,50,64,33] and Ba [20,63,50,1,27,36].
• Transition metals (3d): Cr [38,37,15]; Mn [20,45,50,54,62,39,27]; Fe [20,45,50,54,62,39,37,27]; Co [20,45,50,14,54,62,39,59]; Ni [20,47,50,54,55,62,40,39,59,27]; Cu[20,50,54,57,58,62,43,40,64,27,65,29] and Zn [20,54,44,62,42,40,39,64,10].
• Other metals: Pt [37]; Ag [20,52,56,62,64,11,10]; Au [46,60]; Cd [50,54,62,40,64]; Hg[50,61,62]; Al [53,37,32]; In [32]; Tl [20,37,29]; Sb [61]; Sn [20,48,62] and Pb [20].
• Sulphates [62,43,42,59,37,65];
• NiXO4 (X=S; Se; Cr; W or Mo) [66];
The pT data from the literature gives the possibility to determine the enthalpy of reaction of various ammoniates, (ΔrH+=ΔrH0⋅(m−n)), as a function of the decomposition temperature, T, which is plotted in Figures 2. As can be seen for various loadings of the ammoniates an approximately linear relationship between enthalpy of reaction and dissociation temperature is found for each specific loading and charge combination. Also, a higher loading corresponds to a higher enthalpy of reaction and a lower dissociation temperature. In this graph some reactions have a reaction temperature below the 294 K, the equilibrium temperature of NH3 at 0.9 MPa. These reactions seems unrealistic and will be indicated as such in Appendix 1.
Selection of the most suitable salt complex for heat storage from the point of view of energy density, is based on the amount of heat that is stored in the system by removing one ammonia molecule from the salt crystal. In Figure 3, we plotted the enthalpy of reaction stored in a complex divided by the amount of ammonia molecules from a structure ΔrH0) plotted against the decomposition temperature for the ammonia pressures at 0.9 MPa (equal to an equilibrium vapor pressure of ammonia at 294 K). The symbols of the data points refer to specific loading and release of ammonia during the reaction. As can be seen a linear trend exists at constant pressure. In the inset, the average enthalpy of reaction is plotted for the four groups, indicating that the alkali metals have the lowest energy stored per added mole ammonia and the transition metals (3d) have the highest amount of energy stored per added mole ammonia. As the difference in average enthalpy of reaction between the metals is smaller than the error bars, no conclusions can be drawn.
In Figure 4, the enthalpy of reaction stored in a complex divided by the number of ammonia molecules is plotted against the number of moles ammonia in a complex. The pressure used for this graph is 0.9 MPa. The averaged ΔrH0 decreases from 70 kJ/mol (mono ammoniate) to 30 kJ/mol (octa ammoniate). It is harder to release the last ammonia molecule of a complex than to release one ammonia molecule at higher loadings. We can understand this by the fact that, relatively, the crystal structure is changing more in case of smaller loadings. At the higher loadings (above six NH3 molecules per mole salt) the enthalpy of reaction falls down to almost the level of the enthalpy of reactions of decomposition of ammonia. In general, from the point of view of heat storage, therefore, it will be of interest to select a complex, which totally decomposes at the applied temperature and pressure, with a maximum loading of six ammonia molecules per complex, based on Figure 4.
The operation conditions are a first criteria for selection an ammoniate as TCM. For example in the case of a heating system in houses, the turnover temperature should be between 343 K and 393 K for sufficient charging power with help of solar collectors [68]. In addition, secondly the amount of ammonia per mol salt refines the selection. With a larger loading number, less salt is needed to store all heat, but as already mentioned, a loading above six is not favorable. The final selection criteria is the amount of ammonia, which is lost at the applied temperature. Moreover, thirdly, the equilibrium ammonia pressure of the reaction at temperature of 343--393 K should be in the order of 0.6--1 MPa, what are the equilibrium vapor pressures of ammonia between 283--298 K. This is necessary as the TCM is connected with a storage vessel of ammonia. In case the equilibrium pressure of ammonia of the storage vessel is higher than of the equilibrium pressure of the reaction, the salt will not deammoniate. Or the other way around, in case the equilibrium pressure of the storage vessel is lower that the equilibrium pressure of the reaction, the salt will not ammoniate. As the storage vessel can be kept at a temperature of 283 K in the winter and 298 K in the summer the working pressures are chosen between 0.6--1 MPa.
As in the literature not all decomposition reactions are fully given, only the enthalpy per released mole NH3 is plotted against the equilibrium temperature between 330--410 K in figure 5. As can be seen a large range of materials fits the demands. As currently not sufficient data is available a single choice of material can not be made. Based on prices of the future heat storage systems, materials like silver, copper, cesium and lithium are not considered. Based on this data sheet, the most common materials are indicated with a solid sphere (MgCl2⋅6NH3, CaCl2⋅8-4NH3, and ZnCl2⋅6NH3). In further research other material properties like melting points, densities, deliquescence points and costs should be considered as well. These parameters should be considered before a heat storage system for domestic households based on ammoniates can be designed.
We analyzed a large set of thermodynamic data of ammoniates. For various loadings of ammoniates, the dissociation temperature shows an approximate linear relationship with the enthalpy of reaction. Indeed, by dividing the enthalpy of reaction by the loading, all data points fall on one master curve, which can be divided by the periodic groups. Lower loadings have a large heat storage capacity per molecule of complex, implying that complexes with loading of six or lower are more favorable for heat storage application. With the help of this data set, appropriate ammoniates can be selected as heat storage material for a given temperature and ammonia partial pressure. In the future, before heat storage in domestic environment is feasible, additional research should be performed on melting temperature of certain complexes, deliquescence of the complex, density of the complexes and combined transitions.
Salt is the basic salt in the reaction; Initial is the highest loading in the reaction; Final the lowest loading in the reaction; ΔH0 is the enthalpy of the reaction; ΔS the entropy of the reaction; Tp=9bar is the maximum ammoniation temperature by 9 bar ammonia vapor pressure. The used type of thermodynamic data and source is given in column pT/H and in case of pT data is used the minimum and maximum temperature of the used pT data is given in columns Tmin and Tmax and the number of data points used in the next column. If the final loading is unknown, this is indicated with a question mark(?). In case doubts about the reliability of the data is raised, they are indicated with an asterisk ∗.
Salt Salt |
Initial loading (n) |
Final loading (m) |
∆H0 (kJ/mol) |
∆S (J/(mol·K)) |
Tp=0.9MPa (K) |
pT/H | Tmin(K) | Tmax(K) | Data points | Ref |
AgBr | 3 | 1.5 | -36.5 | 132 | 322 | pT | 250 | 276.5 | 5 | [52] |
AgBr | 1.5 | 1 | -45.1 | 146 | 352 | pT | 273 | 307 | 11 | [52] |
AgBr | 1 | 0 | -45.9 | 142 | 372 | pT | 273 | 324.5 | 6 | [52] |
AgBrO3 | 3 | ? | -33.9 | 124 | 322 | pT | 252 | 274.5 | 4 | [56] |
AgCl | 3 | 1.5 | -38.2 | 131 | 339 | pT | 248 | 290.8 | 11 | [56,52] |
AgCl | 1.5 | 1 | -46.4 | 145 | 365 | pT | 273 | 305.8 | 6 | [52] |
AgCl | 1 | 0 | -46.1 | 136 | 391 | pT | 273 | 336 | 7 | [52] |
AgClO3 | 3 | ? | -74.6 | 226 | 360 | pT | 284 | 324.5 | 3 | [56] |
AgClO4 | 3 | ? | -37.2 | 105 | 427 | pT | 282 | 352 | 7 | [56] |
AgI | 3 | 2 | -24.5 | 100 | 302 | pT | 194 | 314.5 | 4 | [52] |
AgI∗ | 2 | 1.5 | -28.9 | 117 | 292 | pT | 194 | 215.7 | 2 | [52] |
AgI | 1.5 | 1 | -27.0 | 105 | 310 | pT | 215.7 | 253 | 4 | [52] |
AgI | 1 | 0.5 | -38.8 | 140 | 317 | pT | 241 | 276.5 | 5 | [52] |
AgI | 0.5 | 0 | -60.8 | 181 | 375 | pT | 292 | 316.5 | 3 | [52] |
AgMnO4 | 3 | ? | -36.6 | 128 | 334 | pT | 252 | 285 | 5 | [56] |
AgNO2 | 3 | ? | -33.1 | 96 | 426 | pT | 253 | 341 | 8 | [56] |
AgNO3 | 3 | ? | -40.0 | 119 | 396 | pT | 273 | 336 | 8 | [56] |
AlBr3 | 6 | ? | -48.9 | 96 | 627 | pT | 421 | 502 | 5 | [37] |
AlCl3 | 6 | ? | -50.0 | 123 | 476 | pT | 320 | 401 | 5 | [37] |
AlI3 | 6 | ? | -45.9 | 130 | 413 | pT | 292.5 | 353.5 | 3 | [37] |
AuBr | 6 | 4 | -34.0 | 132 | 298 | pT | 203 | 233 | 6 | [46] |
AuBr | 4 | 3 | -34.9 | 136 | 297 | pT | 194.5 | 233 | 8 | [46] |
AuBr | 3 | 2 | -35.7 | 138 | 298 | pT | 194.5 | 233 | 8 | [46] |
AuBr | 2 | 1 | -57.1 | 159 | 405 | pT | 307 | 338 | 5 | [46] |
AuCl | 6 | 2 | -33.4 | 138 | 278 | pT | 194.5 | 233 | 7 | [46] |
AuCl | 2 | 1 | -62.9 | 161 | 440 | pT | 307 | 372.5 | 7 | [46] |
AuI∗ | 6 | 3 | -34.7 | 136 | 293 | pT | 194.5 | 228 | 7 | [46] |
AuI | 3 | 2 | -38.3 | 138 | 321 | pT | 213 | 263 | 10 | [46] |
AuI | 2 | 1 | -38.0 | 134 | 329 | pT | 213 | 273 | 9 | [46] |
BaBr2 | 8 | 4 | -43.0 | 138 | 358 | H | [20] | |||
BaBr2 | 4 | 2 | -43.9 | 139 | 363 | H | [20] | |||
BaBr2 | 2 | 1 | -45.6 | 138 | 382 | H | [20] | |||
BaBr2 | 1 | 0 | -50.7 | 132 | 445 | H | [20] | |||
BaCl2 | 8 | ? | -38.7 | 135 | 330 | H | [20] | |||
BaI2 ∗ | 10 | 9 | -33.1 | 132 | 292 | H | [20] | |||
BaI2 | 9 | 8 | -43.0 | 143 | 345 | H | [20] | |||
BaI2 | 8 | 6 | -46.0 | 140 | 379 | H | [20] | |||
BaI2 | 6 | 4 | -47.7 | 140 | 392 | H | [20] | |||
BaI2 | 4 | 2 | -48.6 | 139 | 403 | H | [20] | |||
BaI2 | 2 | 0 | -57.6 | 144 | 460 | H | [20] | |||
BeBr2 | 10 | 6 | -13.5 | 41 | 586 | pT | 194.5 | 268 | 5 | [51] |
BeBr2 | 6 | 4 | -39.2 | 144 | 312 | pT | 228 | 243 | 4 | [51] |
BeCl2 | 12 | 6 | -34.6 | 142 | 279 | pT | 194.5 | 228 | 5 | [51] |
BeCl2 | 6 | 4 | -35.1 | 140 | 289 | pT | 213 | 238 | 6 | [51] |
BeCl2 | 4 | 2 | -75.6 | 136 | 643 | pT | 383.7 | 428.8 | 3 | [51] |
BeI2 ∗ | 13 | 6 | -33.1 | 132 | 291 | pT | 194.5 | 208 | 3 | [51] |
BeI2 | 6 | 4 | -36.7 | 131 | 325 | pT | 223 | 243 | 3 | [51] |
CaBr2 | 8 | 6 | -42.1 | 99 | 525 | H | [20] | |||
CaBr2 | 6 | 2 | -50.3 | 139 | 417 | H | [20] | |||
CaBr2 | 2 | 1 | -73.5 | 147 | 572 | H | [20] | |||
CaBr2 | 1 | 0 | -80.0 | 148 | 618 | H | [20] | |||
CaCl2 | 8 | 4 | -42.1 | 139 | 350 | H | [20] | |||
CaCl2 | 4 | 2 | -43.4 | 138 | 362 | H | [20] | |||
CaCl2 | 2 | 1 | -64.9 | 146 | 509 | H | [20] | |||
CaCl2 | 1 | 0 | -70.9 | 143 | 571 | H | [20] | |||
CaI2 | 8 | 6 | -37.0 | 138 | 309 | H | [20] | |||
CaI2 | 6 | 2 | -60.2 | 139 | 497 | H | [20] | |||
CaI2 | 2 | 1 | -81.7 | 148 | 629 | H | [20] | |||
CaI2 | 1 | 0 | -83.8 | 148 | 647 | H | [20] | |||
Cd(ClO3 )2 | 6 | 4 | -44.7 | 113 | 474 | pT | 342 | 395 | 6 | [40] |
Cd(ClO3 )2 | 4 | ? | -71.7 | 168 | 478 | pT | 389.5 | 409 | 3 | [40] |
Cd(IO3 )2 | 4 | ? | -37.6 | 97 | 476 | pT | 364 | 383 | 3 | [40] |
CdBr2 | 6 | ? | -48.3 | 135 | 412 | pT | 318 | 357.3 | 8 | [54] |
CdCl2 | 6 | -44.0 | 132 | 386 | pT | 306.5 | 330.5 | 2 | [54] | |
CdI2 | 6 | ? | -51.0 | 134 | 441 | pT | 339 | 381.5 | 8 | [54] |
Salt Salt |
Initial loading (n) |
Final loading (m) |
∆H0 (kJ/mol) |
∆S (J/(mol·K)) |
Tp=0.9MPa (K) |
pT/H | Tmin(K) | Tmax(K) | Data points | Ref |
Co(H2 PO2 )2 | 6 | ? | -46.9 | 145 | 371 | pT | 293 | 324 | 6 | [59] |
Co(HCO2 )2 | 6 | 4 | -35.1 | 119 | 350 | pT | 258 | 294.5 | 7 | [59] |
Co(HCO2 )2 | 4 | ? | -44.7 | 122 | 432 | pT | 297 | 365 | 7 | [59] |
Co(NO3 )2 | 6 | ? | -29.5 | 65 | 631 | pT | 294 | 433 | 8 | [59] |
CoBr2 | 6 | 2 | -52.2 | 116 | 536 | pT | 409.8 | 448.5 | 3 | [24] |
CoBr2 | 2 | 1 | -83.8 | 135 | 718 | pT | 425 | 454.8 | 3 | [24] |
CoBr2 | 1 | 0 | -91.0 | 144 | 723 | pT | 434.4 | 481.4 | 4 | [24] |
CoC4 H6 Ø4 | 6 | ? | -34.2 | 107 | 384 | pT | 273 | 319 | 9 | [59] |
CoCl2 ∗ | 10 | 6 | -30.3 | 127 | 277 | pT | 194.5 | 218 | 5 | [24] |
CoCl2 | 6 | 2 | -60.1 | 147 | 468 | pT | 380.5 | 410 | 3 | [45] |
CoCl2 ∗ | 2 | 1 | -29.0 | 39 | 1390 | pT | 503 | 509 | 3 | [24] |
CoCl2 | 1 | 0 | -96.0 | 153 | 713 | pT | 481 | 503 | 3 | [24] |
CoF2 ·H2 O | 5 | 1 | -44.2 | 136 | 376 | pT | 262 | 299 | 5 | [61] |
CoF2 ·H2 O | 1 | 0 | -53.2 | 140 | 437 | pT | 307 | 334.5 | 3 | [61] |
CoI2 | 6 | 2 | -63.2 | 136 | 538 | H | [24] | |||
CoI2 | 2 | 1 | -146.2 | 287 | 544 | pT | 409.5 | 426.5 | 2 | [24] |
CoS2 O6 | 5 | ? | -51.7 | 120 | 509 | pT | 373.5 | 430.5 | 8 | [59] |
Cr[NH3]6 Br | 6 | ? | -89.8 | 184 | 541 | pT | 439 | 450 | 2 | [37] |
Cr[NH3]6 I | 6 | ? | -51.3 | 117 | 518 | pT | 345.5 | 415 | 3 | [37] |
Cr[NH3]6 NO3 Br2 | 6 | ? | -75.2 | 163 | 519 | pT | 411.7 | 459 | 4 | [37] |
Cr[NH3]6 SO4 | 6 | ? | -31.3 | 68 | 624 | pT | 343 | 444.5 | 5 | [37] |
CrCl3 | 6 | 3 | -33.0 | 104 | 384 | pT | 273 | 316.5 | 6 | [37] |
CrCl3 | 3 | ? | -53.7 | 145 | 424 | pT | 317 | 368 | 6 | [37] |
Cu(ClO3 )2 | 6 | ? | -16.3 | 52 | 485 | pT | 258 | 304 | 5 | [40] |
Cu(ClO4 )2 | 6 | ? | -31.3 | 88 | 447 | pT | 293 | 356 | 9 | [43] |
Cu(HCOO)2 | 4 | ? | -37.9 | 109 | 417 | pT | 260 | 335 | 11 | [43] |
Cu(IO3 )2 | 5 | 4 | -46.6 | 130 | 419 | pT | 323.5 | 357.5 | 5 | [40] |
Cu(NO3 )2 | 4 | ? | -64.9 | 136 | 552 | pT | 416 | 448.5 | 4 | [43] |
Cu(NO3 )2 | 6 | 4 | -35.1 | 128 | 321 | pT | 255 | 286 | 7 | [43] |
Cu(SCN)2 | 6 | 4 | -19.5 | 75 | 345 | pT | 254 | 261 | 3 | [43] |
Cu(SCN)2 | 4 | ? | -56.6 | 148 | 436 | pT | 290.5 | 383 | 10 | [43] |
CuBr | 3 | 1.5 | -38.5 | 119 | 382 | pT | 285 | 322 | 7 | [57,17] |
CuBr | 1.5 | 1 | -58.9 | 157 | 426 | pT | 306 | 371 | 4 | [17] |
CuBr | 1 | 0 | -71.3 | 177 | 448 | pT | 317 | 349.8 | 3 | [17] |
CuC2 O4 | 5 | ? | -64.1 | 206 | 341 | pT | 254 | 311 | 8 | [43] |
CuC7 H5 O7 | 5 | 4 | -31.6 | 117 | 320 | pT | 257 | 270.5 | 4 | [43] |
CuCl | 1.5 | 1 | -56.6 | 157 | 409 | pT | 305.7 | 349.3 | 3 | [29] |
CuCl | 1 | 0 | -74.7 | 161 | 522 | pT | 305.7 | 349.3 | 3 | [29] |
CuCl | 6 | 3 | -43.3 | 114 | 452 | pT | 346 | 378 | 4 | [54] |
CuCl | 3 | 1.5 | -39.4 | 123 | 375 | pT | 288 | 320 | 7 | [57] |
CuI | 3 | 2 | -43.8 | 136 | 372 | pT | 263 | 322 | 7 | [57,17] |
CuI | 2 | 1 | -50.2 | 151 | 378 | pT | 281 | 317 | 4 | [17] |
CuI | 1 | 0.5 | -59.7 | 144 | 476 | pT | 349.6 | 382 | 3 | [17] |
CuI | 0.5 | 0 | -69.5 | 161 | 486 | pT | 371 | 409 | 3 | [17] |
CuS2 O6 | 5 | 4 | -34.0 | 114 | 354 | pT | 253 | 299 | 9 | [43] |
CuS2 O6 ∗ | 4 | ? | -20.3 | 23 | 3991 | pT | 385 | 457 | 4 | [43] |
CuS4 O6 | 4 | ? | -57.0 | 154 | 420 | pT | 293.5 | 366 | 6 | [43] |
FeBr | 6 | 2 | -57.4 | 136 | 485 | H | [20] | |||
FeBr | 2 | 1 | -85.4 | 140 | 699 | pT | 488 | 550 | 3 | [24] |
FeBr | 1 | 0 | -86.7 | 137 | 733 | pT | 488 | 550 | 3 | [24] |
FeBr3 | 6 | ? | -32.9 | 101 | 398 | pT | 273 | 326 | 6 | [37] |
FeCl2 ∗ | 10 | 6 | -31.0 | 130 | 278 | pT | 194.5 | 218 | 5 | [45] |
FeCl2 | 6 | 2 | -49.7 | 128 | 455 | pT | 344 | 387 | 5 | [54,24] |
FeCl2 | 2 | 1 | -74.6 | 133 | 650 | pT | 503 | 550 | 2 | [24] |
FeCl2 | 1 | 0 | -79.6 | 123 | 761 | pT | 487.5 | 550 | 3 | [24] |
FeCl3 | 6 | ? | -36.8 | 107 | 416 | pT | 300.5 | 343.5 | 6 | [37] |
FeF2 ·H2 O | 5 | 1 | -42.3 | 139 | 351 | pT | 252 | 273 | 3 | [61] |
FeF2 ·H2 O | 1 | 0 | -53.2 | 142 | 430 | pT | 298 | 334 | 4 | [61] |
FeI2 | 6 | 2 | -62.3 | 136 | 530 | H | [20] | |||
FeI2 | 2 | 0 | -94.2 | 153 | 701 | pT | 488 | 551 | 3 | [24] |
FeSO4 | 12 | ? | -43.4 | 140 | 358 | pT | 273 | 310 | 7 | [37] |
InBr3 ∗ | 15 | ? | -38.7 | 153 | 287 | pT | 194.5 | 231.4 | 4 | [69] |
InCl3 ∗ | 15 | 7 | -36.9 | 146 | 289 | pT | 194.5 | 235.2 | 5 | [69] |
InI3 ∗ | 21 | 13 | -36.3 | 149 | 278 | pT | 194.5 | 223.4 | 4 | [69] |
InI3 ∗ | 13 | 9 | -36.0 | 142 | 290 | pT | 215.5 | 233.5 | 3 | [69] |
InI3 | 9 | ? | -56.6 | 207 | 300 | pT | 244.5 | 253.1 | 3 | [69] |
KBr∗ | 4 | ? | -29.6 | 125 | 278 | pT | 194.5 | 213 | 3 | [49] |
KI | 6 | 4 | -27.2 | 107 | 306 | pT | 194.5 | 203 | 2 | [49] |
KI | 4 | ? | -29.5 | 113 | 311 | pT | 194.5 | 218 | 5 | [49] |
LiBr∗ | 6.5 | 5 | -27.5 | 116 | 282 | pT | 194.5 | 213 | 2 | [49] |
LiBr | 5 | 1 | -36.0 | 139 | 298 | pT | 213 | 253 | 4 | [49] |
LiBr | 5 | 4 | -34.6 | 112 | 370 | H | [20] | |||
LiBr | 4 | 3 | -43.9 | 133 | 383 | H | [20] | |||
LiBr | 3 | 2 | -47.7 | 139 | 395 | H | [20] | |||
LiBr | 2 | 1 | -50.7 | 141 | 413 | H | [20] | |||
LiBr | 1 | 0 | -58.5 | 139 | 484 | H | [20] | |||
LiBr | 1 | ? | -57.1 | 136 | 487 | pT | 334 | 384 | 5 | [49] |
LiCl∗ | 5 | 4 | -38.5 | 151 | 290 | pT | 214.5 | 228 | 3 | [49] |
LiCl | 4 | 3 | -37.8 | 133 | 330 | H | [20] | |||
Salt Salt |
Initial loading (n) |
Final loading (m) |
∆H0 (kJ/mol) |
∆S (J/(mol·K)) |
Tp=0.9MPa (K) |
pT/H | Tmin(K) | Tmax(K) | Data points | Ref |
LiCl | 3 | 2 | -46.0 | 138 | 383 | H | [20] | |||
LiCl | 2 | 1 | -49.4 | 139 | 409 | H | [20] | |||
LiCl | 1 | 0 | -53.3 | 139 | 443 | H | [20] | |||
LiI∗ | 7 | 5.5 | -30.4 | 129 | 274 | pT | 194.5 | 213 | 3 | [49] |
LiI∗ | 5.5 | 5 | -29.0 | 121 | 283 | pT | 194.5 | 213 | 3 | [49] |
LiI | 5 | 4 | -36.6 | 141 | 297 | pT | 203 | 253 | 5 | [49] |
LiI | 4 | 3 | -54.7 | 149 | 419 | pT | 288 | 363.5 | 12 | [49,57] |
LiI | 3 | 2 | -53.1 | 141 | 433 | pT | 291 | 337.8 | 5 | [49] |
LiI | 2 | 1 | -54.5 | 126 | 508 | pT | 337.8 | 373 | 5 | [49] |
LiI | 1 | 0 | -66.7 | 135 | 573 | pT | 388 | 408 | 3 | [49] |
MgBr2 | 2 | 1 | -81.9 | 129 | 736 | pT | 488 | 573 | 4 | [17] |
MgBr2 | 1 | 0 | -84.9 | 123 | 811 | pT | 503 | 573 | 3 | [17] |
MgCl2 | 2 | 1 | -93.8 | 174 | 604 | pT | 458 | 502 | 3 | [17] |
MgCl2 | 1 | 0 | -93.7 | 146 | 732 | pT | 502 | 572 | 3 | [17] |
MgCl2 | 6 | 2 | -44.0 | 144 | 349 | pT | 283 | 303.5 | 4 | [54] |
MgI2 | 6 | 2 | -74.0 | 136 | 825 | H | [20] | |||
MgI2 ∗ | 2 | 0 | -56.6 | 57 | 1450 | pT | 488 | 503 | 2 | [17] |
MnBr2 | 10 | 6 | -30.8 | 131 | 274 | pT | 194.5 | 218 | 5 | [45] |
MnBr2 | 2 | 1 | -78.3 | 139 | 650 | pT | 455 | 503 | 3 | [24] |
MnBr2 | 1 | 0 | -78.6 | 127 | 724 | pT | 488 | 551 | 3 | [24] |
MnBr2 | 6 | 2 | -54.5 | 137 | 460 | H | [24] | |||
MnCl2 ∗ | 12 | 10 | -29.8 | 126 | 276 | pT | 194.5 | 208 | 2 | [45] |
MnCl2 ∗ | 10 | 6 | -30.3 | 126 | 282 | pT | 194.5 | 223 | 5 | [45] |
MnCl2 | 6 | 2 | -41.1 | 113 | 435 | pT | 332 | 362 | 7 | [24,54] |
MnCl2 | 2 | 1 | -71.4 | 137 | 601 | pT | 454 | 503 | 3 | [24] |
MnCl2 | 1 | 0 | -77.0 | 123 | 735 | pT | 488 | 551 | 3 | [24] |
MnF2 ·H2 O | 5 | 1 | -40.5 | 136 | 344 | pT | 252 | 273 | 3 | [61] |
MnF2 ·H2 O | 1 | ? | -53.7 | 144 | 426 | pT | 298 | 334 | 4 | [61] |
MnI2 | 2 | 0 | -76.5 | 124 | 725 | pT | 481 | 488 | 2 | [24] |
MnI2 | 6 | 2 | -60.9 | 136 | 518 | H | [24] | |||
NaBr∗ | 5.75 | 5.25 | -26.0 | 108 | 289 | pT | 194.5 | 213 | 3 | [49] |
NaBr | 5.25 | ? | -38.5 | 143 | 309 | pT | 213 | 243 | 4 | [49] |
NaCl∗ | 5 | ? | -34.9 | 140 | 286 | pT | 194.5 | 249 | 4 | [49] |
NaI∗ | 6 | 4.5 | -31.3 | 125 | 292 | pT | 194.5 | 218 | 6 | [49] |
NaI | 4.5 | ? | -39.0 | 127 | 358 | pT | 233 | 273 | 5 | [49] |
Ni(C7 H5 O2 )2 | 8 | 6 | -48.6 | 179 | 303 | pT | 257 | 271.5 | 6 | [26] |
Ni(C7 H5 O2 )2 | 6 | ? | -10.7 | 31 | 829 | pT | 288 | 362 | 6 | [26] |
Ni(ClO3 )2 | 6 | ? | -44.9 | 90 | 629 | pT | 399 | 432 | 3 | [55] |
Ni(CNS)2 | 6 | ? | -48.7 | 136 | 413 | pT | 318 | 357 | 6 | [55] |
Ni(H2 PO2 )2 | 6 | ? | -50.1 | 137 | 422 | pT | 313 | 368 | 5 | [55] |
Ni(HCO2 )2 | 6 | 4 | -35.7 | 116 | 366 | pT | 273 | 308 | 8 | [55] |
Ni(HCO2 )2 | 4 | ? | -61.1 | 145 | 483 | pT | 333 | 413 | 5 | [55] |
Ni(IO3 )2 | 5 | ? | -56.5 | 161 | 396 | pT | 326 | 352 | 4 | [40] |
Ni(NO2 )2 | 5 | ? | -37.6 | 97 | 479 | pT | 320.5 | 388 | 9 | [55] |
Ni(NO3 )2 | 6 | ? | -47.4 | 101 | 569 | pT | 388 | 464 | 13 | [55] |
NiBr2 | 6 | 2 | -66.4 | 144 | 530 | pT | 429 | 460 | 2 | [54] |
NiBr2 | 2 | 1 | -86.6 | 138 | 725 | pT | 491 | 629 | 22 | [24] |
NiBr2 | 1 | 0 | -86.2 | 136 | 734 | pT | 549 | 609 | 3 | [24] |
NiC4 H6 O4 | 6 | ? | -38.2 | 125 | 358 | pT | 273 | 306 | 7 | [59] |
NiCl2 | 6 | 2 | -59.3 | 132 | 522 | pT | 403 | 448 | 5 | [54,47] |
NiCl2 | 2 | 1 | -100.1 | 172 | 651 | pT | 488 | 584 | 7 | [47] |
NiCl2 | 1 | 0 | -93.8 | 144 | 747 | pT | 538 | 646 | 7 | [47] |
NiF2 ·H2 O | 5 | 1 | -45.1 | 120 | 442 | pT | 273 | 334.5 | 5 | [61] |
NiF2 ·H2 O | 1 | ? | -55.0 | 143 | 442 | pT | 307.5 | 334 | 3 | [61] |
NiI2 | 6 | 2 | -63.1 | 123 | 601 | pT | 447 | 491 | 3 | [47] |
NiI2 | 2 | 0 | -80.5 | 132 | 705 | pT | 452 | 595.5 | 12 | [47] |
NiS2 O3 | 5 | ? | -55.9 | 134 | 482 | pT | 364.5 | 415 | 6 | [55] |
NiS2 O6 | 6 | ? | -47.2 | 102 | 562 | pT | 389 | 455.5 | 7 | [55] |
NiS4 O6 | 6 | ? | -52.8 | 130 | 472 | pT | 349 | 404.5 | 7 | [55] |
PbCl2 | 8 | 3.25 | -35.3 | 132 | 310 | H | [20] | |||
PbCl2 | 3.25 | 2 | -40.4 | 139 | 336 | H | [20] | |||
PbCl2 | 2 | 1.5 | -47.3 | 139 | 391 | H | [20] | |||
PbCl2 | 1.5 | 1 | -48.6 | 141 | 396 | H | [20] | |||
PbCl2 | 1 | 0 | -57.2 | 139 | 472 | H | [20] | |||
PbI2 ∗ | 8 | 5 | -33.5 | 135 | 288 | H | [20] | |||
PbI2 | 5 | 2 | -41.7 | 138 | 349 | H | [20] | |||
PbI2 | 2 | 1 | -48.6 | 142 | 393 | H | [20] | |||
PbI2 | 1 | 0.5 | -56.8 | 140 | 465 | H | [20] | |||
PbI2 | 0.5 | 0 | -61.9 | 138 | 516 | H | [20] | |||
PBr2 | 8 | 5.5 | -35.3 | 133 | 307 | H | [20] | |||
PBr2 | 5.5 | 3 | -38.7 | 138 | 323 | H | [20] | |||
PBr2 | 3 | 2 | -40.8 | 138 | 342 | H | [20] | |||
PBr2 | 2 | 1 | -49.0 | 138 | 408 | H | [20] | |||
PBr2 | 1 | 0 | -67.1 | 144 | 534 | H | [20] | |||
PtCl3 | 5 | 4 | -24.2 | 77 | 410 | pT | 259 | 314.5 | 9 | [37] |
PtI3 | 6 | 4 | -40.5 | 150 | 307 | pT | 265 | 267.5 | 3 | [37] |
PtI3 | 4 | ? | -59.0 | 133 | 514 | pT | 399 | 436 | 2 | [37] |
RbBr | 3 | ? | -22.4 | 89 | 315 | pT | 194.5 | 203 | 2 | [49] |
RbI∗ | 6 | ? | -33.6 | 139 | 279 | pT | 194.5 | 203 | 2 | [49] |
Salt Salt |
Initial loading (n) |
Final loading (m) |
∆H0 (kJ/mol) |
∆S (J/(mol·K)) |
Tp=0.9MPa (K) |
pT/H | Tmin(K) | Tmax(K) | Data points | Ref |
SbF3 ∗ | 6 | 4 | -31.7 | 129 | 286 | pT | 194.5 | 223 | 5 | [61] |
SbF3 ∗ | 4 | 3 | -31.9 | 127 | 292 | pT | 213 | 223 | 3 | [61] |
SbF3 | 3 | 2 | -38.8 | 130 | 348 | pT | 252 | 273 | 3 | [61] |
SbF3 | 2 | 1 | -59.6 | 163 | 412 | pT | 290 | 335 | 4 | [61] |
SbF3 | 1 | ? | -59.7 | 140 | 489 | pT | 334.5 | 383 | 5 | [61] |
SnBr2 ∗ | 9 | 5 | -31.4 | 128 | 286 | pT | 194.5 | 233.3 | 3 | [?] |
SnBr2 | 5 | 3 | -52.4 | 175 | 334 | pT | 251.7 | 290.6 | 3 | [?] |
SnBr2 | 3 | 2 | -99.9 | 278 | 384 | pT | 328.9 | 337.6 | 3 | [?] |
SnBr2 | 2 | 1 | -62.2 | 150 | 474 | pT | 353 | 383.5 | 3 | [?] |
SnBr2 | 1 | 0 | -85.1 | 141 | 692 | H | [20] | |||
SnCl2 | 9 | 4 | -36.5 | 149 | 280 | pT | 194.5 | 236.4 | 3 | [?] |
SnCl2 | 4 | ? | -42.5 | 148 | 328 | pT | 237 | 283.6 | 3 | [?] |
SnI2 ∗ | 10 | 5 | -35.9 | 143 | 288 | pT | 194.5 | 227 | 3 | [?] |
SnI2 | 5 | 3 | -45.8 | 146 | 359 | pT | 250 | 289.5 | 3 | [?] |
SnI2 | 3 | 2 | -58.6 | 161 | 411 | pT | 307.8 | 353 | 3 | [?] |
SnI2 | 2 | 1 | -51.5 | 123 | 490 | pT | 334 | 370 | 3 | [?] |
SnI2 | 1 | 0 | -63.3 | 129 | 570 | pT | 370 | 412 | 3 | [?] |
SrBr2 | 8 | 2 | -46.9 | 138 | 392 | H | [20] | |||
SrBr2 | 2 | 1 | -55.0 | 145 | 436 | H | [20] | |||
SrBr2 | 1 | 0 | -72.2 | 156 | 526 | H | [20] | |||
SrCl2 | 8 | 1 | -42.1 | 136 | 359 | H | [20] | |||
SrCl2 | 1 | 0 | -49.4 | 158 | 354 | H | [20] | |||
SrI2 | 8 | 6 | -47.3 | 139 | 393 | H | [20] | |||
SrI2 | 6 | 2 | -54.2 | 139 | 449 | H | [20] | |||
SrI2 | 2 | 1 | -66.6 | 147 | 518 | H | [20] | |||
SrI2 | 1 | 0 | -78.7 | 148 | 606 | H | [20] | |||
Tl(SO4 )3 | 10 | ? | -38.6 | 104 | 453 | pT | 333 | 373 | 3 | [37] |
TlBr | 3 | 0 | -24.4 | 101 | 296 | pT | 213 | 223 | 2 | [17] |
TlCl∗ | 3 | 0 | -27.9 | 116 | 286 | pT | 194 | 223 | 3 | [17] |
TlCl3 | 6 | ? | -36.9 | 97 | 469 | pT | 294.5 | 374 | 5 | [37] |
TlI∗ | 3 | 0 | -29.0 | 121 | 282 | pT | 194 | 223 | 3 | [17] |
Zn(ClO3 )2 | 6 | ? | -36.7 | 63 | 829 | pT | 387 | 450 | 4 | [54] |
Zn(ClO3 )2 | 6 | 4 | -27.5 | 96 | 354 | pT | 258 | 284 | 13 | [40] |
Zn(ClO4 )2 | 4 | ? | -37.6 | 120 | 372 | pT | 265 | 315 | 9 | [40] |
Zn(CNS)2 | 4 | ? | -57.7 | 158 | 414 | pT | 304 | 361 | 9 | [42] |
Zn(CNS)2 | 6 | 4 | -28.9 | 105 | 332 | pT | 252 | 273 | 3 | [42] |
Zn(HCO2 )2 | 5 | ? | -44.6 | 138 | 374 | pT | 281 | 324 | 9 | [42] |
Zn(IO3 )2 | 4 | ? | -46.4 | 109 | 513 | pT | 350 | 403 | 5 | [40] |
Zn(NO2 )2 | 1 | 0 | -29.1 | 68 | 583 | pT | 298 | 401 | 15 | [42] |
Zn(NO3 )2 | 6 | 4 | -12.5 | 36 | 722 | pT | 273 | 356 | 8 | [42] |
Zn(NO3 )2 | 4 | ? | -54.5 | 110 | 593 | pT | 380 | 481 | 12 | [42] |
ZnBr2 | 6 | ? | -47.2 | 140 | 389 | pT | 285 | 339.5 | 13 | [54] |
ZnBr2 | 6 | 4 | -47.4 | 138 | 394 | H | [20] | |||
ZnBr2 | 4 | 2 | -58.3 | 139 | 483 | H | [20] | |||
ZnBr2 | 2 | 1 | -85.6 | 138 | 715 | H | [20] | |||
ZnBr2 | 1 | 0 | -103.2 | 135 | 881 | H | [20] | |||
ZnC2 H2 O4 | 5 | ? | -49.2 | 169 | 327 | pT | 256 | 288 | 9 | [42] |
ZnC7 H6 O2 | 6 | 4 | -35.3 | 130 | 317 | pT | 253 | 270 | 4 | [42] |
ZnCH3 OOH | 2 | ? | -98.2 | 232 | 459 | pT | 377 | 421 | 10 | [42] |
ZnCl2 ∗ | 10 | 6 | -30.4 | 127 | 279 | H | [20] | |||
ZnCl2 | 6 | 4 | -46.0 | 139 | 382 | H | [20] | |||
ZnCl2 | 4 | 2 | -50.8 | 139 | 423 | H | [20] | |||
ZnCl2 | 2 | 1 | -82.6 | 138 | 689 | H | [20] | |||
ZnCl2 | 1 | 0 | -107.5 | 136 | 913 | H | [20] | |||
ZnI2 | 6 | ? | -49.1 | 145 | 387 | pT | 284 | 340 | 20 | [54,42] |
ZnI2 | 6 | 4 | -46.9 | 138 | 390 | H | [20] | |||
ZnI2 | 4 | 2 | -66.2 | 139 | 547 | H | [20] | |||
ZnI2 | 2 | 1 | -83.4 | 138 | 697 | H | [20] | |||
ZnI2 | 1 | 0 | -94.6 | 137 | 794 | H | [20] | |||
ZnS2 O3 | 5 | 3 | -60.0 | 182 | 367 | pT | 288 | 332 | 6 | [42] |
ZnS2 O3 | 3 | ? | -32.8 | 70 | 631 | pT | 337 | 445 | 10 | [42] |
ZnS2 O6 | 5 | ? | -62.6 | 182 | 381 | pT | 297 | 342 | 8 | [42] |
ZnS4 O6 | 5 | 3 | -78.2 | 172 | 510 | pT | 382 | 450 | 6 | [42] |
ZnS4 O6 | 3 | ? | -50.6 | 152 | 377 | pT | 275 | 333 | 12 | [42] |
ZnSO3 | 3 | ? | -42.6 | 108 | 476 | pT | 325 | 387 | 7 | [42] |
This research was carried out under project number M75.7.11421 in the framework of the Research Program of the Materials innovation institute (M2i) (www.m2i.nl)
All authors declare no conflict of interest in this paper.
[1] | GoldsteinM(1961) Some physical chemical aspects of heat storage. In: UN Conf on New Sources of Energy Rome, 411-417. |
[2] |
Carling R (1981) Dissociation pressures enthalpies of reaction in MgCl2.H2O and CaCl2.nNH3. J Chem Thermodyn 13: 503-512. doi: 10.1016/0021-9614(81)90105-1
![]() |
[3] | ACGIH (2012) Threshold Limit Values for Chemical Substances and Physical Agents and Biological Exposure Indices, American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. |
[4] | Yaws C (2001) Matheson Gas Data Book 7th ed., New York : McGraw-Hill. |
[5] | Zabetakis M (1965) Flammability Characteristics of Combustible Gases and Vapors, U.S. Dept of the Interior, bureau of Mines. |
[6] | Posern K, Kaps C (2008) Humidity controlled calorimetric investigation of the hydration of MgSO4 hydrates. J Therm Anal Calorim 92(3): 905-909. |
[7] | Offenhartz P, Brown F, Mar R, et al. (1980) A Heat Pump and Thermal Storage System for Solar Heating and Cooling Based on the Reaction of Calcium Chloride and Methanol Vapor. J Sol Energ 102(1): 59-65. |
[8] | N’Tsoukpoe, K, Liu H, Le Pierrs, et al. (2009) A review on long-term sorption solar energy storage. Renew Sust Energ Rev 13(9): 2385-2396. |
[9] | Becker R, Hartwig H, Köppe H, et al. (1978) Gmelin Handbuch der Anorganischen Chemie R. Warncke, 8th ed., Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. |
[10] | Isambert M (1868) Recherches sur la dissociation de certains chlorures ammoniacaux. Cr Hebd Acad Sci 66: 1259-1262. |
[11] | Horstmann A (1876) Zur Dissociationslehre.Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 9(1): 749-758. |
[12] | Nernst W (1969) The new heat theorem, Dover Publications Inc. |
[13] | Bonnefoi J (1901) Compounds of the lithium halides with ammonia. Ann Chim Phys 23: 317. |
[14] | Clark G, Buckner H (1922) The properties of subsidiary valence groups. III. The preparation, properties and molecular volume relationships of the hydrates and ammines of cobalt fluoride, bromide, iodide, nitrate, carbonate and citrate. J Am Chem Soc 22: 230-244. |
[15] | Schlesinger H , Hammond S (1933) The Ammines of Chromous Chloride. J Amer Chem Soc 55(10): 3971-3976. |
[16] | Collins S , Cameron F (1927) Lithium chloride ammonia complexes. J Phys Chem 32(11): 1705-1716. |
[17] | Biltz W , Hüttig G (1921) Beiträge zur systematischen Verwandtschaftslehre. XIV. Über die Ammoniakate der Magnesiumhalogenide. Z Anorg Chem 119(1): 115-131. |
[18] | Glasser L (2014) Thermodynamics of inorganic hydration and of humidity control, with an extensive database of salt hydrate pairs. J Chem Eng Data 59(2): 526-530. |
[19] | Touzain P (1999) Thermodynamic values of ammonia-salts reactions for chemical sorption heat pumps. In Proc. Int Heat Pump Conf 225-238. |
[20] | Biltz W (1923) Beiträge zur systematischen Verwandtschaftslehre XXIV. Über das Vermögen kristallisierter Salze, Ammoniak zu binden. Z Anorg Chem 130(1): 93-139. |
[21] | BiltzW(1930) Über Molekular- und Atomvolumina. 29. Drei Ordnungsprinzipien des Volumensates der festen Sto e. Z Anorg Chem 193(1): 321-350. |
[22] | Biltz W, Birk E (1924) Über die Koppsche Volumenregel bei kristallisierten Sto en und Über ”gleichraumige” Komplexverbindungen. Z Anorg Chem 134(1): 125-136. |
[23] | Biltz W , Grimm H (1925) Über die Gitterenergieen von Ammoniakaten. Z Anorg Chem 145(1): 63-87. |
[24] | BiltzW, Hüttig G (1919) Über die Auswertung von Dissoziationsmessungen bei Ammoniakaten nach dem Theorem von Nernst mit Hilfe von Nomogrammen. Z Anorg Chem 109(1): 111-125. |
[25] | Ephraim F (1915) Über die Natur der Nebenvalenzen. IX. Über den Einfluss der Stellung des Neutralteils im MolekÜl auf seine Haftfestigkeit. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 48(1): 624-629. |
[26] | Ephraim F (1918) Über die Natur der Nebenvalenzen. XVIII. Octammine. - Volumwirkung des Anions. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 51(1): 644-669. |
[27] | Hart A , Partington J (1943) Dissociation pressures of compounds of ammonia and trideuterammonia with some metallic salts. J Chem Soc (Resumed) 104-118. |
[28] | Klemm W, Clausen E , Jacobi H (1931) Beiträge zur systematischen Verwandtschaftslehre. 55. Über die konstitution der Aluminiumhalogenid - Ammoniakate. II. Monammine als ”Anlagerungsverbindungen.” Z Anorg Chem 200(1): 367-384. |
[29] | StollenwerkW, BiltzW(1921) Beiträge zur systematischen Verwandtschaftslehre. XIII. Über die Ammoniakate der Cupro- und Thallohalogenide. Z Anorg Chem 119(1): 97-114. |
[30] | Mieleitner K , Steinmetz H (1913) Über das Hydrat und das Ammoniakat des Berylliumchlorids. Z Anorg Chem 80(1): 71-78. |
[31] |
Lourdudoss S, Schuler T, Raldow W (1981). Determination of the Heat Capacity of Calcium Chloride Octa- and Tetraammines. Inorg Chim Acta 54: 31-33. doi: 10.1016/S0020-1693(00)95375-1
![]() |
[32] | Klemm W, Tanke E (1931) Beiträge zur systematischen Verwandtschaftslehre. 54. Über die konstitution der Aluminiumhalogenid-Ammoniakate. I. Z Anorg Chem 200(1): 343-366. |
[33] | Hüttig G (1922) Beiträge zur systematischen Verwandtschaftslehre. XVIII. Über die Ammoniakate der Strontiumhalogenide. Z Anorg Chem 124(1): 322-332. |
[34] | Hüttig, G , Härtl E (1955) Die Adsorptions-Affnität der Alkalihalogenide zu Ammoniak. Z Anorg Chem 282(1-6): 110-120. |
[35] | Hüttig G (1922) Beiträge zur systematischen Verwandtschaftslehre. XVI. Über die Ammoniakate der Calciumhalogenide. Z Anorg Chem 123(1): 31-42. |
[36] | Hüttig, G, Martin W (1922) Beiträge zur systematischen Verwandtschaftslehre. XIX. Über die Ammoniakate der Bariumhalogenide. Z Anorg Chem 125(1): 269-280. |
[37] | Ephraim F , Millmann S (1917) Uber die Natur der Nebenvalenzen. XIV. Der einfluss der Wertigkeit auf die Nebenvalenz-Energie. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 50(1): 529-541. |
[38] | Ephraim F , Zapata C (1934) Über ammoniakate von Chromverbindungen. Helv Chim Acta 26(34): 287-295. |
[39] | Ephraim F , Linn R (1913) Über die Natur der Nebenvalenzen. VI. Der Einfluss des Neutralteils auf die Bestandigkeit von Komplexen Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 46(3): 3742-3762. |
[40] | Ephraim F , Jahnsen A (1915) Über die Natur der Nebenvalenzen. VIII. Beständigkeit der Ammoniakte von Chloraten, Bromaten und Jodaten. - Thermische Dissoziation und Explosion. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 48(1): 41-56. |
[41] | Ephraim F , Hochuli E (1915) Über die Natur der Nebenvalenzen. X. Beständigkeitsgrenzen komplexer Anionen. II. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 48(1): 629-637. |
[42] | Ephraim F , Bolle E (1915) Über die Natur der Nebenvalenzen. XI. Ammoniakate des Zinks. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 48(1): 638-648. |
[43] | Ephraim F , Bolle E (1915) Über die natur der Nebenvalenzen. XII.: Ammoniakate des Kupfers. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 48(2): 1770-1777. |
[44] | Ephraim F (1919) Über die Natur der Nebenvalenzen. XXIII. Thermischer Abbau von Ammoniakaten des Zinks. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 52(5): 957-964. |
[45] | BiltzW (1925) Beiträge zur systematischen Verwandtschaftslehre XXXII. Höhere Ammoniakate von Halogeniden aus der Eisengruppe. Z Anorg Chem 148(1): 145-151. |
[46] | Biltz W (1925) Beiträge zur systematischen Verwandtschaftslehre XXXV. Über Ammoniakate der Aurohalogenide. Z Anorg Chem 148(1): 192-206. |
[47] | Biltz W , Fetkenheuer B (1913) Über Ammoniakverbindungen der Nickelhalogenide. Z Anorg Chem 83(1): 163-176. |
[48] | Biltz W, Fischer W (1923) Beiträge zur systematischen Verwandtschaftslehre. XXI. Über Ammoniakate der Halogenide des zweiwertigen Zinns. Z Anorg Chem 162(1): 1-14. |
[49] | Biltz W, Hansen W (1923) Beiträge zur systematischen Verwandtschaftslehre XX. Über Ammoniakate der Alkalimetallhalogenide. Z Anorg Chem 127(1): 1-33. |
[50] | Biltz W, Klatte K, Rahlfs (1927) Beiträge zur systematisch Verwantschaftslehre. XLIV. Varia aus der Chemie der Ammoniakate und Pyridinverbindungen. Z Anorg Chem 166(1): 339-350. |
[51] | BiltzW,Messerknecht C (1925) Beiträge zur systematischen Verwandtschaftslehre XXXIII. Über Die Ammoniakate der Berylliumhalogenide. Z Anorg Chem 148(1): 157-169. |
[52] | Biltz W, Stollenwerk W (1920) BeitrÜge zur systematischen verwandtschaftslehre. XI. Über halogensilberammoniakate. Z Anorg Chem 114(1): 174-202. |
[53] |
Cyvin S, Cyvin B, Hargittai I (1974) Spectroscopic studies of the AlCl3 NH3 complex. J Mol Struct 23: 385-397. doi: 10.1016/0022-2860(74)87007-9
![]() |
[54] | Ephraim F (1912) Uber die Natur der Nebenvalenzen. Erste mitteilung: Metallammoniak-Verbindungen. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 45(1): 1322-1331. |
[55] | Ephraim F (1913) Über die Natur der Nebenvalenzen. V.: Der Einfluss des Anions auf die Bestandigkeit komplexer Kationen. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 46(3): 3103-3113. |
[56] | Ephraim F (1918) Über die Natur der Nebenvalenzen. XIX. Ammoniakate des Silbers. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 51(1): 706-710. |
[57] | Ephraim F (1918) Über die Natur der Nebenvalenzen. XX.: Ammoniakate von Cupro- und Lithiumsalzen. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 52(2): 236-241. |
[58] | Ephraim F (1919) Uber die Natur der Nebenvalenzen XXII. Thermischer Abbau von Ammoniakaten des Kupfers. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 52(5): 940-957. |
[59] | Ephraim F , Rosenberg E (1917) Über die Natur der Nebenvalenzen. XVII: Vorausberechnung der Zersetzungstemperaturen von Ammoniakaten. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 51(1): 130-136. |
[60] | Ephraim F (1918) Über die Natur der Nebenvalenzen. XXI.: Goldverbindungen; Ammoniakate von Doppelsalzen: thermischer Zerfall von Doppelhalogeniden. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 52(2): 241-254. |
[61] | BiltzW, Rahlfs E (1927) Beiträge zur systematischen Verwandtschaftslehre. XLV. Über Reaktionsermoglichung durch Gitterweitung und uber Ammoniakate der Fluoride. Z Anorg Chem 166(1): 351-376. |
[62] | Ephraim F (1926) Über die ammoniakate von Metalsulfaten. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 59(6): 1219-1231. |
[63] | Biltz W, Hüttig G (1920) Beiträge zur systematischen Verwandtschaftslehre. XII. Über die Verbindingen von Ammoniak mit metallischem Calcium, Strontium und Barium. Z Anorg Chem 114(1): 241-265. |
[64] | Ephraim F , Zapata C (1934) Über Ammoniakate von Chromaten und von Perchloraten. Helv Chim Acta 17(1): 296-308. |
[65] | Kurnakow N (1895) Uber die zusammengesetzten Metallbasen. Zweite Abhandlung. J Prakt Chem 52(1): 490-528. |
[66] | Ephraim F , MÜller F (1921) Über die Natur der Nebenvalenzen, XXV.: Stabilität komplexer Kationen bei wechselnder Grösse der Anionen. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges 54(5): 973-978. |
[67] | Spacu G, Spacu P (1933) Über die existenz der Doppelsalzammoniakate. Z Anorg Chem 214(2): 113-142. |
[68] | Trier D (2012) Solar district heating guidelines- Solar collectors, Technical report. |
[69] |
Klemm W (1927) Die Ammoniakate der Indiumhalogenide. Z Anorg Allg Chem 163: 240-252. doi: 10.1002/zaac.19271630124
![]() |
1. | Deepak K. Ojha, Matthew J. Kale, Paul J. Dauenhauer, Alon McCormick, E. L. Cussler, Desorption in Ammonia Manufacture from Stranded Wind Energy, 2020, 8, 2168-0485, 15475, 10.1021/acssuschemeng.0c03154 | |
2. | Tengfei Zhang, Hikaru Miyaoka, Hiroki Miyaoka, Takayuki Ichikawa, Yoshitsugu Kojima, Review on Ammonia Absorption Materials: Metal Hydrides, Halides, and Borohydrides, 2018, 1, 2574-0962, 232, 10.1021/acsaem.7b00111 | |
3. | Zhiwei Ma, Huashan Bao, Anthony P. Roskilly, Electricity-assisted thermochemical sorption system for seasonal solar energy storage, 2020, 209, 01968904, 112659, 10.1016/j.enconman.2020.112659 | |
4. | Larisa G. Gordeeva, Alexandr I. Shkatulov, Yuri I. Aristov, 2020, 9780124095489, 10.1016/B978-0-12-819723-3.00014-7 | |
5. | Matthew J. Kale, Deepak K. Ojha, Sayandeep Biswas, Joshua I. Militti, Alon V. McCormick, Jeffrey H. Schott, Paul J. Dauenhauer, E. L. Cussler, Optimizing Ammonia Separation via Reactive Absorption for Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis, 2020, 3, 2574-0962, 2576, 10.1021/acsaem.9b02278 | |
6. | Pim Donkers, Kun Gao, Jelle Houben, Henk Huinink, Bart Erich, Olaf Adan, Effect of Non-Condensable Gasses on the Performance of a Vacuum Thermochemical Reactor, 2020, 13, 1996-1073, 362, 10.3390/en13020362 | |
7. | Huashan Bao, Zhiwei Ma, 2022, 9780128245101, 651, 10.1016/B978-0-12-824510-1.00028-3 | |
8. | Natalia Mazur, Melian A.R. Blijlevens, Rick Ruliaman, Hartmut Fischer, Pim Donkers, Hugo Meekes, Elias Vlieg, Olaf Adan, Henk Huinink, Revisiting salt hydrate selection for domestic heat storage applications, 2023, 218, 09601481, 119331, 10.1016/j.renene.2023.119331 | |
9. | Chengsheng Ni, Wenxuan Lu, Xuemei Yuan, Heba G.R. Younis, Jiupai Ni, Ambient plasma treatment in aqueous solution to produce a polymer used in packaging, 2023, 01418130, 128511, 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128511 | |
10. | Hyojin Kim, Jong Hyeak Choe, Hongryeol Yun, Jintu Francis Kurisigal, Sumin Yu, Yong Hoon Lee, Jung-Hoon Lee, Chang Seop Hong, High ammonia storage capacity in LiCl Nanoparticle-Embedded Metal-Organic framework composites, 2024, 13858947, 151319, 10.1016/j.cej.2024.151319 | |
11. | Aastha Arya, Jorge Martinez-Garcia, Philipp Schuetz, Amirhoushang Mahmoudi, Gerrit Brem, Pim A. J. Donkers, Mina Shahi, Characterizing Changes in a Salt Hydrate Bed Using Micro X-Ray Computed Tomography, 2024, 43, 0195-9298, 10.1007/s10921-024-01092-7 | |
12. | J.A. Locke, G.H. Atkinson, G.S.F. Shire, S.J. Metcalf, R.E. Critoph, Experimental evaluation of barium bromide-ammonia equilibrium lines, 2024, 13594311, 124879, 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.124879 |
Solvent | NH3 | CH3OH | H2O |
Vapor pressure at 300 K (MPa) | 1.2 | 0.05 | 0.012 |
Boiling temperature (K) | 240 | 337 | 373 |
Melting temperature (K) | 196 | 176 | 273.2 |
Flammability (%) | 15-25 | 6-36 | - |
Toxicity (ppm) (US PEL) | 50 | 200 | - |
Salt Salt |
Initial loading (n) |
Final loading (m) |
∆H0 (kJ/mol) |
∆S (J/(mol·K)) |
Tp=0.9MPa (K) |
pT/H | Tmin(K) | Tmax(K) | Data points | Ref |
AgBr | 3 | 1.5 | -36.5 | 132 | 322 | pT | 250 | 276.5 | 5 | [52] |
AgBr | 1.5 | 1 | -45.1 | 146 | 352 | pT | 273 | 307 | 11 | [52] |
AgBr | 1 | 0 | -45.9 | 142 | 372 | pT | 273 | 324.5 | 6 | [52] |
AgBrO3 | 3 | ? | -33.9 | 124 | 322 | pT | 252 | 274.5 | 4 | [56] |
AgCl | 3 | 1.5 | -38.2 | 131 | 339 | pT | 248 | 290.8 | 11 | [56,52] |
AgCl | 1.5 | 1 | -46.4 | 145 | 365 | pT | 273 | 305.8 | 6 | [52] |
AgCl | 1 | 0 | -46.1 | 136 | 391 | pT | 273 | 336 | 7 | [52] |
AgClO3 | 3 | ? | -74.6 | 226 | 360 | pT | 284 | 324.5 | 3 | [56] |
AgClO4 | 3 | ? | -37.2 | 105 | 427 | pT | 282 | 352 | 7 | [56] |
AgI | 3 | 2 | -24.5 | 100 | 302 | pT | 194 | 314.5 | 4 | [52] |
AgI∗ | 2 | 1.5 | -28.9 | 117 | 292 | pT | 194 | 215.7 | 2 | [52] |
AgI | 1.5 | 1 | -27.0 | 105 | 310 | pT | 215.7 | 253 | 4 | [52] |
AgI | 1 | 0.5 | -38.8 | 140 | 317 | pT | 241 | 276.5 | 5 | [52] |
AgI | 0.5 | 0 | -60.8 | 181 | 375 | pT | 292 | 316.5 | 3 | [52] |
AgMnO4 | 3 | ? | -36.6 | 128 | 334 | pT | 252 | 285 | 5 | [56] |
AgNO2 | 3 | ? | -33.1 | 96 | 426 | pT | 253 | 341 | 8 | [56] |
AgNO3 | 3 | ? | -40.0 | 119 | 396 | pT | 273 | 336 | 8 | [56] |
AlBr3 | 6 | ? | -48.9 | 96 | 627 | pT | 421 | 502 | 5 | [37] |
AlCl3 | 6 | ? | -50.0 | 123 | 476 | pT | 320 | 401 | 5 | [37] |
AlI3 | 6 | ? | -45.9 | 130 | 413 | pT | 292.5 | 353.5 | 3 | [37] |
AuBr | 6 | 4 | -34.0 | 132 | 298 | pT | 203 | 233 | 6 | [46] |
AuBr | 4 | 3 | -34.9 | 136 | 297 | pT | 194.5 | 233 | 8 | [46] |
AuBr | 3 | 2 | -35.7 | 138 | 298 | pT | 194.5 | 233 | 8 | [46] |
AuBr | 2 | 1 | -57.1 | 159 | 405 | pT | 307 | 338 | 5 | [46] |
AuCl | 6 | 2 | -33.4 | 138 | 278 | pT | 194.5 | 233 | 7 | [46] |
AuCl | 2 | 1 | -62.9 | 161 | 440 | pT | 307 | 372.5 | 7 | [46] |
AuI∗ | 6 | 3 | -34.7 | 136 | 293 | pT | 194.5 | 228 | 7 | [46] |
AuI | 3 | 2 | -38.3 | 138 | 321 | pT | 213 | 263 | 10 | [46] |
AuI | 2 | 1 | -38.0 | 134 | 329 | pT | 213 | 273 | 9 | [46] |
BaBr2 | 8 | 4 | -43.0 | 138 | 358 | H | [20] | |||
BaBr2 | 4 | 2 | -43.9 | 139 | 363 | H | [20] | |||
BaBr2 | 2 | 1 | -45.6 | 138 | 382 | H | [20] | |||
BaBr2 | 1 | 0 | -50.7 | 132 | 445 | H | [20] | |||
BaCl2 | 8 | ? | -38.7 | 135 | 330 | H | [20] | |||
BaI2 ∗ | 10 | 9 | -33.1 | 132 | 292 | H | [20] | |||
BaI2 | 9 | 8 | -43.0 | 143 | 345 | H | [20] | |||
BaI2 | 8 | 6 | -46.0 | 140 | 379 | H | [20] | |||
BaI2 | 6 | 4 | -47.7 | 140 | 392 | H | [20] | |||
BaI2 | 4 | 2 | -48.6 | 139 | 403 | H | [20] | |||
BaI2 | 2 | 0 | -57.6 | 144 | 460 | H | [20] | |||
BeBr2 | 10 | 6 | -13.5 | 41 | 586 | pT | 194.5 | 268 | 5 | [51] |
BeBr2 | 6 | 4 | -39.2 | 144 | 312 | pT | 228 | 243 | 4 | [51] |
BeCl2 | 12 | 6 | -34.6 | 142 | 279 | pT | 194.5 | 228 | 5 | [51] |
BeCl2 | 6 | 4 | -35.1 | 140 | 289 | pT | 213 | 238 | 6 | [51] |
BeCl2 | 4 | 2 | -75.6 | 136 | 643 | pT | 383.7 | 428.8 | 3 | [51] |
BeI2 ∗ | 13 | 6 | -33.1 | 132 | 291 | pT | 194.5 | 208 | 3 | [51] |
BeI2 | 6 | 4 | -36.7 | 131 | 325 | pT | 223 | 243 | 3 | [51] |
CaBr2 | 8 | 6 | -42.1 | 99 | 525 | H | [20] | |||
CaBr2 | 6 | 2 | -50.3 | 139 | 417 | H | [20] | |||
CaBr2 | 2 | 1 | -73.5 | 147 | 572 | H | [20] | |||
CaBr2 | 1 | 0 | -80.0 | 148 | 618 | H | [20] | |||
CaCl2 | 8 | 4 | -42.1 | 139 | 350 | H | [20] | |||
CaCl2 | 4 | 2 | -43.4 | 138 | 362 | H | [20] | |||
CaCl2 | 2 | 1 | -64.9 | 146 | 509 | H | [20] | |||
CaCl2 | 1 | 0 | -70.9 | 143 | 571 | H | [20] | |||
CaI2 | 8 | 6 | -37.0 | 138 | 309 | H | [20] | |||
CaI2 | 6 | 2 | -60.2 | 139 | 497 | H | [20] | |||
CaI2 | 2 | 1 | -81.7 | 148 | 629 | H | [20] | |||
CaI2 | 1 | 0 | -83.8 | 148 | 647 | H | [20] | |||
Cd(ClO3 )2 | 6 | 4 | -44.7 | 113 | 474 | pT | 342 | 395 | 6 | [40] |
Cd(ClO3 )2 | 4 | ? | -71.7 | 168 | 478 | pT | 389.5 | 409 | 3 | [40] |
Cd(IO3 )2 | 4 | ? | -37.6 | 97 | 476 | pT | 364 | 383 | 3 | [40] |
CdBr2 | 6 | ? | -48.3 | 135 | 412 | pT | 318 | 357.3 | 8 | [54] |
CdCl2 | 6 | -44.0 | 132 | 386 | pT | 306.5 | 330.5 | 2 | [54] | |
CdI2 | 6 | ? | -51.0 | 134 | 441 | pT | 339 | 381.5 | 8 | [54] |
Salt Salt |
Initial loading (n) |
Final loading (m) |
∆H0 (kJ/mol) |
∆S (J/(mol·K)) |
Tp=0.9MPa (K) |
pT/H | Tmin(K) | Tmax(K) | Data points | Ref |
Co(H2 PO2 )2 | 6 | ? | -46.9 | 145 | 371 | pT | 293 | 324 | 6 | [59] |
Co(HCO2 )2 | 6 | 4 | -35.1 | 119 | 350 | pT | 258 | 294.5 | 7 | [59] |
Co(HCO2 )2 | 4 | ? | -44.7 | 122 | 432 | pT | 297 | 365 | 7 | [59] |
Co(NO3 )2 | 6 | ? | -29.5 | 65 | 631 | pT | 294 | 433 | 8 | [59] |
CoBr2 | 6 | 2 | -52.2 | 116 | 536 | pT | 409.8 | 448.5 | 3 | [24] |
CoBr2 | 2 | 1 | -83.8 | 135 | 718 | pT | 425 | 454.8 | 3 | [24] |
CoBr2 | 1 | 0 | -91.0 | 144 | 723 | pT | 434.4 | 481.4 | 4 | [24] |
CoC4 H6 Ø4 | 6 | ? | -34.2 | 107 | 384 | pT | 273 | 319 | 9 | [59] |
CoCl2 ∗ | 10 | 6 | -30.3 | 127 | 277 | pT | 194.5 | 218 | 5 | [24] |
CoCl2 | 6 | 2 | -60.1 | 147 | 468 | pT | 380.5 | 410 | 3 | [45] |
CoCl2 ∗ | 2 | 1 | -29.0 | 39 | 1390 | pT | 503 | 509 | 3 | [24] |
CoCl2 | 1 | 0 | -96.0 | 153 | 713 | pT | 481 | 503 | 3 | [24] |
CoF2 ·H2 O | 5 | 1 | -44.2 | 136 | 376 | pT | 262 | 299 | 5 | [61] |
CoF2 ·H2 O | 1 | 0 | -53.2 | 140 | 437 | pT | 307 | 334.5 | 3 | [61] |
CoI2 | 6 | 2 | -63.2 | 136 | 538 | H | [24] | |||
CoI2 | 2 | 1 | -146.2 | 287 | 544 | pT | 409.5 | 426.5 | 2 | [24] |
CoS2 O6 | 5 | ? | -51.7 | 120 | 509 | pT | 373.5 | 430.5 | 8 | [59] |
Cr[NH3]6 Br | 6 | ? | -89.8 | 184 | 541 | pT | 439 | 450 | 2 | [37] |
Cr[NH3]6 I | 6 | ? | -51.3 | 117 | 518 | pT | 345.5 | 415 | 3 | [37] |
Cr[NH3]6 NO3 Br2 | 6 | ? | -75.2 | 163 | 519 | pT | 411.7 | 459 | 4 | [37] |
Cr[NH3]6 SO4 | 6 | ? | -31.3 | 68 | 624 | pT | 343 | 444.5 | 5 | [37] |
CrCl3 | 6 | 3 | -33.0 | 104 | 384 | pT | 273 | 316.5 | 6 | [37] |
CrCl3 | 3 | ? | -53.7 | 145 | 424 | pT | 317 | 368 | 6 | [37] |
Cu(ClO3 )2 | 6 | ? | -16.3 | 52 | 485 | pT | 258 | 304 | 5 | [40] |
Cu(ClO4 )2 | 6 | ? | -31.3 | 88 | 447 | pT | 293 | 356 | 9 | [43] |
Cu(HCOO)2 | 4 | ? | -37.9 | 109 | 417 | pT | 260 | 335 | 11 | [43] |
Cu(IO3 )2 | 5 | 4 | -46.6 | 130 | 419 | pT | 323.5 | 357.5 | 5 | [40] |
Cu(NO3 )2 | 4 | ? | -64.9 | 136 | 552 | pT | 416 | 448.5 | 4 | [43] |
Cu(NO3 )2 | 6 | 4 | -35.1 | 128 | 321 | pT | 255 | 286 | 7 | [43] |
Cu(SCN)2 | 6 | 4 | -19.5 | 75 | 345 | pT | 254 | 261 | 3 | [43] |
Cu(SCN)2 | 4 | ? | -56.6 | 148 | 436 | pT | 290.5 | 383 | 10 | [43] |
CuBr | 3 | 1.5 | -38.5 | 119 | 382 | pT | 285 | 322 | 7 | [57,17] |
CuBr | 1.5 | 1 | -58.9 | 157 | 426 | pT | 306 | 371 | 4 | [17] |
CuBr | 1 | 0 | -71.3 | 177 | 448 | pT | 317 | 349.8 | 3 | [17] |
CuC2 O4 | 5 | ? | -64.1 | 206 | 341 | pT | 254 | 311 | 8 | [43] |
CuC7 H5 O7 | 5 | 4 | -31.6 | 117 | 320 | pT | 257 | 270.5 | 4 | [43] |
CuCl | 1.5 | 1 | -56.6 | 157 | 409 | pT | 305.7 | 349.3 | 3 | [29] |
CuCl | 1 | 0 | -74.7 | 161 | 522 | pT | 305.7 | 349.3 | 3 | [29] |
CuCl | 6 | 3 | -43.3 | 114 | 452 | pT | 346 | 378 | 4 | [54] |
CuCl | 3 | 1.5 | -39.4 | 123 | 375 | pT | 288 | 320 | 7 | [57] |
CuI | 3 | 2 | -43.8 | 136 | 372 | pT | 263 | 322 | 7 | [57,17] |
CuI | 2 | 1 | -50.2 | 151 | 378 | pT | 281 | 317 | 4 | [17] |
CuI | 1 | 0.5 | -59.7 | 144 | 476 | pT | 349.6 | 382 | 3 | [17] |
CuI | 0.5 | 0 | -69.5 | 161 | 486 | pT | 371 | 409 | 3 | [17] |
CuS2 O6 | 5 | 4 | -34.0 | 114 | 354 | pT | 253 | 299 | 9 | [43] |
CuS2 O6 ∗ | 4 | ? | -20.3 | 23 | 3991 | pT | 385 | 457 | 4 | [43] |
CuS4 O6 | 4 | ? | -57.0 | 154 | 420 | pT | 293.5 | 366 | 6 | [43] |
FeBr | 6 | 2 | -57.4 | 136 | 485 | H | [20] | |||
FeBr | 2 | 1 | -85.4 | 140 | 699 | pT | 488 | 550 | 3 | [24] |
FeBr | 1 | 0 | -86.7 | 137 | 733 | pT | 488 | 550 | 3 | [24] |
FeBr3 | 6 | ? | -32.9 | 101 | 398 | pT | 273 | 326 | 6 | [37] |
FeCl2 ∗ | 10 | 6 | -31.0 | 130 | 278 | pT | 194.5 | 218 | 5 | [45] |
FeCl2 | 6 | 2 | -49.7 | 128 | 455 | pT | 344 | 387 | 5 | [54,24] |
FeCl2 | 2 | 1 | -74.6 | 133 | 650 | pT | 503 | 550 | 2 | [24] |
FeCl2 | 1 | 0 | -79.6 | 123 | 761 | pT | 487.5 | 550 | 3 | [24] |
FeCl3 | 6 | ? | -36.8 | 107 | 416 | pT | 300.5 | 343.5 | 6 | [37] |
FeF2 ·H2 O | 5 | 1 | -42.3 | 139 | 351 | pT | 252 | 273 | 3 | [61] |
FeF2 ·H2 O | 1 | 0 | -53.2 | 142 | 430 | pT | 298 | 334 | 4 | [61] |
FeI2 | 6 | 2 | -62.3 | 136 | 530 | H | [20] | |||
FeI2 | 2 | 0 | -94.2 | 153 | 701 | pT | 488 | 551 | 3 | [24] |
FeSO4 | 12 | ? | -43.4 | 140 | 358 | pT | 273 | 310 | 7 | [37] |
InBr3 ∗ | 15 | ? | -38.7 | 153 | 287 | pT | 194.5 | 231.4 | 4 | [69] |
InCl3 ∗ | 15 | 7 | -36.9 | 146 | 289 | pT | 194.5 | 235.2 | 5 | [69] |
InI3 ∗ | 21 | 13 | -36.3 | 149 | 278 | pT | 194.5 | 223.4 | 4 | [69] |
InI3 ∗ | 13 | 9 | -36.0 | 142 | 290 | pT | 215.5 | 233.5 | 3 | [69] |
InI3 | 9 | ? | -56.6 | 207 | 300 | pT | 244.5 | 253.1 | 3 | [69] |
KBr∗ | 4 | ? | -29.6 | 125 | 278 | pT | 194.5 | 213 | 3 | [49] |
KI | 6 | 4 | -27.2 | 107 | 306 | pT | 194.5 | 203 | 2 | [49] |
KI | 4 | ? | -29.5 | 113 | 311 | pT | 194.5 | 218 | 5 | [49] |
LiBr∗ | 6.5 | 5 | -27.5 | 116 | 282 | pT | 194.5 | 213 | 2 | [49] |
LiBr | 5 | 1 | -36.0 | 139 | 298 | pT | 213 | 253 | 4 | [49] |
LiBr | 5 | 4 | -34.6 | 112 | 370 | H | [20] | |||
LiBr | 4 | 3 | -43.9 | 133 | 383 | H | [20] | |||
LiBr | 3 | 2 | -47.7 | 139 | 395 | H | [20] | |||
LiBr | 2 | 1 | -50.7 | 141 | 413 | H | [20] | |||
LiBr | 1 | 0 | -58.5 | 139 | 484 | H | [20] | |||
LiBr | 1 | ? | -57.1 | 136 | 487 | pT | 334 | 384 | 5 | [49] |
LiCl∗ | 5 | 4 | -38.5 | 151 | 290 | pT | 214.5 | 228 | 3 | [49] |
LiCl | 4 | 3 | -37.8 | 133 | 330 | H | [20] | |||
Salt Salt |
Initial loading (n) |
Final loading (m) |
∆H0 (kJ/mol) |
∆S (J/(mol·K)) |
Tp=0.9MPa (K) |
pT/H | Tmin(K) | Tmax(K) | Data points | Ref |
LiCl | 3 | 2 | -46.0 | 138 | 383 | H | [20] | |||
LiCl | 2 | 1 | -49.4 | 139 | 409 | H | [20] | |||
LiCl | 1 | 0 | -53.3 | 139 | 443 | H | [20] | |||
LiI∗ | 7 | 5.5 | -30.4 | 129 | 274 | pT | 194.5 | 213 | 3 | [49] |
LiI∗ | 5.5 | 5 | -29.0 | 121 | 283 | pT | 194.5 | 213 | 3 | [49] |
LiI | 5 | 4 | -36.6 | 141 | 297 | pT | 203 | 253 | 5 | [49] |
LiI | 4 | 3 | -54.7 | 149 | 419 | pT | 288 | 363.5 | 12 | [49,57] |
LiI | 3 | 2 | -53.1 | 141 | 433 | pT | 291 | 337.8 | 5 | [49] |
LiI | 2 | 1 | -54.5 | 126 | 508 | pT | 337.8 | 373 | 5 | [49] |
LiI | 1 | 0 | -66.7 | 135 | 573 | pT | 388 | 408 | 3 | [49] |
MgBr2 | 2 | 1 | -81.9 | 129 | 736 | pT | 488 | 573 | 4 | [17] |
MgBr2 | 1 | 0 | -84.9 | 123 | 811 | pT | 503 | 573 | 3 | [17] |
MgCl2 | 2 | 1 | -93.8 | 174 | 604 | pT | 458 | 502 | 3 | [17] |
MgCl2 | 1 | 0 | -93.7 | 146 | 732 | pT | 502 | 572 | 3 | [17] |
MgCl2 | 6 | 2 | -44.0 | 144 | 349 | pT | 283 | 303.5 | 4 | [54] |
MgI2 | 6 | 2 | -74.0 | 136 | 825 | H | [20] | |||
MgI2 ∗ | 2 | 0 | -56.6 | 57 | 1450 | pT | 488 | 503 | 2 | [17] |
MnBr2 | 10 | 6 | -30.8 | 131 | 274 | pT | 194.5 | 218 | 5 | [45] |
MnBr2 | 2 | 1 | -78.3 | 139 | 650 | pT | 455 | 503 | 3 | [24] |
MnBr2 | 1 | 0 | -78.6 | 127 | 724 | pT | 488 | 551 | 3 | [24] |
MnBr2 | 6 | 2 | -54.5 | 137 | 460 | H | [24] | |||
MnCl2 ∗ | 12 | 10 | -29.8 | 126 | 276 | pT | 194.5 | 208 | 2 | [45] |
MnCl2 ∗ | 10 | 6 | -30.3 | 126 | 282 | pT | 194.5 | 223 | 5 | [45] |
MnCl2 | 6 | 2 | -41.1 | 113 | 435 | pT | 332 | 362 | 7 | [24,54] |
MnCl2 | 2 | 1 | -71.4 | 137 | 601 | pT | 454 | 503 | 3 | [24] |
MnCl2 | 1 | 0 | -77.0 | 123 | 735 | pT | 488 | 551 | 3 | [24] |
MnF2 ·H2 O | 5 | 1 | -40.5 | 136 | 344 | pT | 252 | 273 | 3 | [61] |
MnF2 ·H2 O | 1 | ? | -53.7 | 144 | 426 | pT | 298 | 334 | 4 | [61] |
MnI2 | 2 | 0 | -76.5 | 124 | 725 | pT | 481 | 488 | 2 | [24] |
MnI2 | 6 | 2 | -60.9 | 136 | 518 | H | [24] | |||
NaBr∗ | 5.75 | 5.25 | -26.0 | 108 | 289 | pT | 194.5 | 213 | 3 | [49] |
NaBr | 5.25 | ? | -38.5 | 143 | 309 | pT | 213 | 243 | 4 | [49] |
NaCl∗ | 5 | ? | -34.9 | 140 | 286 | pT | 194.5 | 249 | 4 | [49] |
NaI∗ | 6 | 4.5 | -31.3 | 125 | 292 | pT | 194.5 | 218 | 6 | [49] |
NaI | 4.5 | ? | -39.0 | 127 | 358 | pT | 233 | 273 | 5 | [49] |
Ni(C7 H5 O2 )2 | 8 | 6 | -48.6 | 179 | 303 | pT | 257 | 271.5 | 6 | [26] |
Ni(C7 H5 O2 )2 | 6 | ? | -10.7 | 31 | 829 | pT | 288 | 362 | 6 | [26] |
Ni(ClO3 )2 | 6 | ? | -44.9 | 90 | 629 | pT | 399 | 432 | 3 | [55] |
Ni(CNS)2 | 6 | ? | -48.7 | 136 | 413 | pT | 318 | 357 | 6 | [55] |
Ni(H2 PO2 )2 | 6 | ? | -50.1 | 137 | 422 | pT | 313 | 368 | 5 | [55] |
Ni(HCO2 )2 | 6 | 4 | -35.7 | 116 | 366 | pT | 273 | 308 | 8 | [55] |
Ni(HCO2 )2 | 4 | ? | -61.1 | 145 | 483 | pT | 333 | 413 | 5 | [55] |
Ni(IO3 )2 | 5 | ? | -56.5 | 161 | 396 | pT | 326 | 352 | 4 | [40] |
Ni(NO2 )2 | 5 | ? | -37.6 | 97 | 479 | pT | 320.5 | 388 | 9 | [55] |
Ni(NO3 )2 | 6 | ? | -47.4 | 101 | 569 | pT | 388 | 464 | 13 | [55] |
NiBr2 | 6 | 2 | -66.4 | 144 | 530 | pT | 429 | 460 | 2 | [54] |
NiBr2 | 2 | 1 | -86.6 | 138 | 725 | pT | 491 | 629 | 22 | [24] |
NiBr2 | 1 | 0 | -86.2 | 136 | 734 | pT | 549 | 609 | 3 | [24] |
NiC4 H6 O4 | 6 | ? | -38.2 | 125 | 358 | pT | 273 | 306 | 7 | [59] |
NiCl2 | 6 | 2 | -59.3 | 132 | 522 | pT | 403 | 448 | 5 | [54,47] |
NiCl2 | 2 | 1 | -100.1 | 172 | 651 | pT | 488 | 584 | 7 | [47] |
NiCl2 | 1 | 0 | -93.8 | 144 | 747 | pT | 538 | 646 | 7 | [47] |
NiF2 ·H2 O | 5 | 1 | -45.1 | 120 | 442 | pT | 273 | 334.5 | 5 | [61] |
NiF2 ·H2 O | 1 | ? | -55.0 | 143 | 442 | pT | 307.5 | 334 | 3 | [61] |
NiI2 | 6 | 2 | -63.1 | 123 | 601 | pT | 447 | 491 | 3 | [47] |
NiI2 | 2 | 0 | -80.5 | 132 | 705 | pT | 452 | 595.5 | 12 | [47] |
NiS2 O3 | 5 | ? | -55.9 | 134 | 482 | pT | 364.5 | 415 | 6 | [55] |
NiS2 O6 | 6 | ? | -47.2 | 102 | 562 | pT | 389 | 455.5 | 7 | [55] |
NiS4 O6 | 6 | ? | -52.8 | 130 | 472 | pT | 349 | 404.5 | 7 | [55] |
PbCl2 | 8 | 3.25 | -35.3 | 132 | 310 | H | [20] | |||
PbCl2 | 3.25 | 2 | -40.4 | 139 | 336 | H | [20] | |||
PbCl2 | 2 | 1.5 | -47.3 | 139 | 391 | H | [20] | |||
PbCl2 | 1.5 | 1 | -48.6 | 141 | 396 | H | [20] | |||
PbCl2 | 1 | 0 | -57.2 | 139 | 472 | H | [20] | |||
PbI2 ∗ | 8 | 5 | -33.5 | 135 | 288 | H | [20] | |||
PbI2 | 5 | 2 | -41.7 | 138 | 349 | H | [20] | |||
PbI2 | 2 | 1 | -48.6 | 142 | 393 | H | [20] | |||
PbI2 | 1 | 0.5 | -56.8 | 140 | 465 | H | [20] | |||
PbI2 | 0.5 | 0 | -61.9 | 138 | 516 | H | [20] | |||
PBr2 | 8 | 5.5 | -35.3 | 133 | 307 | H | [20] | |||
PBr2 | 5.5 | 3 | -38.7 | 138 | 323 | H | [20] | |||
PBr2 | 3 | 2 | -40.8 | 138 | 342 | H | [20] | |||
PBr2 | 2 | 1 | -49.0 | 138 | 408 | H | [20] | |||
PBr2 | 1 | 0 | -67.1 | 144 | 534 | H | [20] | |||
PtCl3 | 5 | 4 | -24.2 | 77 | 410 | pT | 259 | 314.5 | 9 | [37] |
PtI3 | 6 | 4 | -40.5 | 150 | 307 | pT | 265 | 267.5 | 3 | [37] |
PtI3 | 4 | ? | -59.0 | 133 | 514 | pT | 399 | 436 | 2 | [37] |
RbBr | 3 | ? | -22.4 | 89 | 315 | pT | 194.5 | 203 | 2 | [49] |
RbI∗ | 6 | ? | -33.6 | 139 | 279 | pT | 194.5 | 203 | 2 | [49] |
Salt Salt |
Initial loading (n) |
Final loading (m) |
∆H0 (kJ/mol) |
∆S (J/(mol·K)) |
Tp=0.9MPa (K) |
pT/H | Tmin(K) | Tmax(K) | Data points | Ref |
SbF3 ∗ | 6 | 4 | -31.7 | 129 | 286 | pT | 194.5 | 223 | 5 | [61] |
SbF3 ∗ | 4 | 3 | -31.9 | 127 | 292 | pT | 213 | 223 | 3 | [61] |
SbF3 | 3 | 2 | -38.8 | 130 | 348 | pT | 252 | 273 | 3 | [61] |
SbF3 | 2 | 1 | -59.6 | 163 | 412 | pT | 290 | 335 | 4 | [61] |
SbF3 | 1 | ? | -59.7 | 140 | 489 | pT | 334.5 | 383 | 5 | [61] |
SnBr2 ∗ | 9 | 5 | -31.4 | 128 | 286 | pT | 194.5 | 233.3 | 3 | [?] |
SnBr2 | 5 | 3 | -52.4 | 175 | 334 | pT | 251.7 | 290.6 | 3 | [?] |
SnBr2 | 3 | 2 | -99.9 | 278 | 384 | pT | 328.9 | 337.6 | 3 | [?] |
SnBr2 | 2 | 1 | -62.2 | 150 | 474 | pT | 353 | 383.5 | 3 | [?] |
SnBr2 | 1 | 0 | -85.1 | 141 | 692 | H | [20] | |||
SnCl2 | 9 | 4 | -36.5 | 149 | 280 | pT | 194.5 | 236.4 | 3 | [?] |
SnCl2 | 4 | ? | -42.5 | 148 | 328 | pT | 237 | 283.6 | 3 | [?] |
SnI2 ∗ | 10 | 5 | -35.9 | 143 | 288 | pT | 194.5 | 227 | 3 | [?] |
SnI2 | 5 | 3 | -45.8 | 146 | 359 | pT | 250 | 289.5 | 3 | [?] |
SnI2 | 3 | 2 | -58.6 | 161 | 411 | pT | 307.8 | 353 | 3 | [?] |
SnI2 | 2 | 1 | -51.5 | 123 | 490 | pT | 334 | 370 | 3 | [?] |
SnI2 | 1 | 0 | -63.3 | 129 | 570 | pT | 370 | 412 | 3 | [?] |
SrBr2 | 8 | 2 | -46.9 | 138 | 392 | H | [20] | |||
SrBr2 | 2 | 1 | -55.0 | 145 | 436 | H | [20] | |||
SrBr2 | 1 | 0 | -72.2 | 156 | 526 | H | [20] | |||
SrCl2 | 8 | 1 | -42.1 | 136 | 359 | H | [20] | |||
SrCl2 | 1 | 0 | -49.4 | 158 | 354 | H | [20] | |||
SrI2 | 8 | 6 | -47.3 | 139 | 393 | H | [20] | |||
SrI2 | 6 | 2 | -54.2 | 139 | 449 | H | [20] | |||
SrI2 | 2 | 1 | -66.6 | 147 | 518 | H | [20] | |||
SrI2 | 1 | 0 | -78.7 | 148 | 606 | H | [20] | |||
Tl(SO4 )3 | 10 | ? | -38.6 | 104 | 453 | pT | 333 | 373 | 3 | [37] |
TlBr | 3 | 0 | -24.4 | 101 | 296 | pT | 213 | 223 | 2 | [17] |
TlCl∗ | 3 | 0 | -27.9 | 116 | 286 | pT | 194 | 223 | 3 | [17] |
TlCl3 | 6 | ? | -36.9 | 97 | 469 | pT | 294.5 | 374 | 5 | [37] |
TlI∗ | 3 | 0 | -29.0 | 121 | 282 | pT | 194 | 223 | 3 | [17] |
Zn(ClO3 )2 | 6 | ? | -36.7 | 63 | 829 | pT | 387 | 450 | 4 | [54] |
Zn(ClO3 )2 | 6 | 4 | -27.5 | 96 | 354 | pT | 258 | 284 | 13 | [40] |
Zn(ClO4 )2 | 4 | ? | -37.6 | 120 | 372 | pT | 265 | 315 | 9 | [40] |
Zn(CNS)2 | 4 | ? | -57.7 | 158 | 414 | pT | 304 | 361 | 9 | [42] |
Zn(CNS)2 | 6 | 4 | -28.9 | 105 | 332 | pT | 252 | 273 | 3 | [42] |
Zn(HCO2 )2 | 5 | ? | -44.6 | 138 | 374 | pT | 281 | 324 | 9 | [42] |
Zn(IO3 )2 | 4 | ? | -46.4 | 109 | 513 | pT | 350 | 403 | 5 | [40] |
Zn(NO2 )2 | 1 | 0 | -29.1 | 68 | 583 | pT | 298 | 401 | 15 | [42] |
Zn(NO3 )2 | 6 | 4 | -12.5 | 36 | 722 | pT | 273 | 356 | 8 | [42] |
Zn(NO3 )2 | 4 | ? | -54.5 | 110 | 593 | pT | 380 | 481 | 12 | [42] |
ZnBr2 | 6 | ? | -47.2 | 140 | 389 | pT | 285 | 339.5 | 13 | [54] |
ZnBr2 | 6 | 4 | -47.4 | 138 | 394 | H | [20] | |||
ZnBr2 | 4 | 2 | -58.3 | 139 | 483 | H | [20] | |||
ZnBr2 | 2 | 1 | -85.6 | 138 | 715 | H | [20] | |||
ZnBr2 | 1 | 0 | -103.2 | 135 | 881 | H | [20] | |||
ZnC2 H2 O4 | 5 | ? | -49.2 | 169 | 327 | pT | 256 | 288 | 9 | [42] |
ZnC7 H6 O2 | 6 | 4 | -35.3 | 130 | 317 | pT | 253 | 270 | 4 | [42] |
ZnCH3 OOH | 2 | ? | -98.2 | 232 | 459 | pT | 377 | 421 | 10 | [42] |
ZnCl2 ∗ | 10 | 6 | -30.4 | 127 | 279 | H | [20] | |||
ZnCl2 | 6 | 4 | -46.0 | 139 | 382 | H | [20] | |||
ZnCl2 | 4 | 2 | -50.8 | 139 | 423 | H | [20] | |||
ZnCl2 | 2 | 1 | -82.6 | 138 | 689 | H | [20] | |||
ZnCl2 | 1 | 0 | -107.5 | 136 | 913 | H | [20] | |||
ZnI2 | 6 | ? | -49.1 | 145 | 387 | pT | 284 | 340 | 20 | [54,42] |
ZnI2 | 6 | 4 | -46.9 | 138 | 390 | H | [20] | |||
ZnI2 | 4 | 2 | -66.2 | 139 | 547 | H | [20] | |||
ZnI2 | 2 | 1 | -83.4 | 138 | 697 | H | [20] | |||
ZnI2 | 1 | 0 | -94.6 | 137 | 794 | H | [20] | |||
ZnS2 O3 | 5 | 3 | -60.0 | 182 | 367 | pT | 288 | 332 | 6 | [42] |
ZnS2 O3 | 3 | ? | -32.8 | 70 | 631 | pT | 337 | 445 | 10 | [42] |
ZnS2 O6 | 5 | ? | -62.6 | 182 | 381 | pT | 297 | 342 | 8 | [42] |
ZnS4 O6 | 5 | 3 | -78.2 | 172 | 510 | pT | 382 | 450 | 6 | [42] |
ZnS4 O6 | 3 | ? | -50.6 | 152 | 377 | pT | 275 | 333 | 12 | [42] |
ZnSO3 | 3 | ? | -42.6 | 108 | 476 | pT | 325 | 387 | 7 | [42] |
Solvent | NH3 | CH3OH | H2O |
Vapor pressure at 300 K (MPa) | 1.2 | 0.05 | 0.012 |
Boiling temperature (K) | 240 | 337 | 373 |
Melting temperature (K) | 196 | 176 | 273.2 |
Flammability (%) | 15-25 | 6-36 | - |
Toxicity (ppm) (US PEL) | 50 | 200 | - |
Salt Salt |
Initial loading (n) |
Final loading (m) |
∆H0 (kJ/mol) |
∆S (J/(mol·K)) |
Tp=0.9MPa (K) |
pT/H | Tmin(K) | Tmax(K) | Data points | Ref |
AgBr | 3 | 1.5 | -36.5 | 132 | 322 | pT | 250 | 276.5 | 5 | [52] |
AgBr | 1.5 | 1 | -45.1 | 146 | 352 | pT | 273 | 307 | 11 | [52] |
AgBr | 1 | 0 | -45.9 | 142 | 372 | pT | 273 | 324.5 | 6 | [52] |
AgBrO3 | 3 | ? | -33.9 | 124 | 322 | pT | 252 | 274.5 | 4 | [56] |
AgCl | 3 | 1.5 | -38.2 | 131 | 339 | pT | 248 | 290.8 | 11 | [56,52] |
AgCl | 1.5 | 1 | -46.4 | 145 | 365 | pT | 273 | 305.8 | 6 | [52] |
AgCl | 1 | 0 | -46.1 | 136 | 391 | pT | 273 | 336 | 7 | [52] |
AgClO3 | 3 | ? | -74.6 | 226 | 360 | pT | 284 | 324.5 | 3 | [56] |
AgClO4 | 3 | ? | -37.2 | 105 | 427 | pT | 282 | 352 | 7 | [56] |
AgI | 3 | 2 | -24.5 | 100 | 302 | pT | 194 | 314.5 | 4 | [52] |
AgI∗ | 2 | 1.5 | -28.9 | 117 | 292 | pT | 194 | 215.7 | 2 | [52] |
AgI | 1.5 | 1 | -27.0 | 105 | 310 | pT | 215.7 | 253 | 4 | [52] |
AgI | 1 | 0.5 | -38.8 | 140 | 317 | pT | 241 | 276.5 | 5 | [52] |
AgI | 0.5 | 0 | -60.8 | 181 | 375 | pT | 292 | 316.5 | 3 | [52] |
AgMnO4 | 3 | ? | -36.6 | 128 | 334 | pT | 252 | 285 | 5 | [56] |
AgNO2 | 3 | ? | -33.1 | 96 | 426 | pT | 253 | 341 | 8 | [56] |
AgNO3 | 3 | ? | -40.0 | 119 | 396 | pT | 273 | 336 | 8 | [56] |
AlBr3 | 6 | ? | -48.9 | 96 | 627 | pT | 421 | 502 | 5 | [37] |
AlCl3 | 6 | ? | -50.0 | 123 | 476 | pT | 320 | 401 | 5 | [37] |
AlI3 | 6 | ? | -45.9 | 130 | 413 | pT | 292.5 | 353.5 | 3 | [37] |
AuBr | 6 | 4 | -34.0 | 132 | 298 | pT | 203 | 233 | 6 | [46] |
AuBr | 4 | 3 | -34.9 | 136 | 297 | pT | 194.5 | 233 | 8 | [46] |
AuBr | 3 | 2 | -35.7 | 138 | 298 | pT | 194.5 | 233 | 8 | [46] |
AuBr | 2 | 1 | -57.1 | 159 | 405 | pT | 307 | 338 | 5 | [46] |
AuCl | 6 | 2 | -33.4 | 138 | 278 | pT | 194.5 | 233 | 7 | [46] |
AuCl | 2 | 1 | -62.9 | 161 | 440 | pT | 307 | 372.5 | 7 | [46] |
AuI∗ | 6 | 3 | -34.7 | 136 | 293 | pT | 194.5 | 228 | 7 | [46] |
AuI | 3 | 2 | -38.3 | 138 | 321 | pT | 213 | 263 | 10 | [46] |
AuI | 2 | 1 | -38.0 | 134 | 329 | pT | 213 | 273 | 9 | [46] |
BaBr2 | 8 | 4 | -43.0 | 138 | 358 | H | [20] | |||
BaBr2 | 4 | 2 | -43.9 | 139 | 363 | H | [20] | |||
BaBr2 | 2 | 1 | -45.6 | 138 | 382 | H | [20] | |||
BaBr2 | 1 | 0 | -50.7 | 132 | 445 | H | [20] | |||
BaCl2 | 8 | ? | -38.7 | 135 | 330 | H | [20] | |||
BaI2 ∗ | 10 | 9 | -33.1 | 132 | 292 | H | [20] | |||
BaI2 | 9 | 8 | -43.0 | 143 | 345 | H | [20] | |||
BaI2 | 8 | 6 | -46.0 | 140 | 379 | H | [20] | |||
BaI2 | 6 | 4 | -47.7 | 140 | 392 | H | [20] | |||
BaI2 | 4 | 2 | -48.6 | 139 | 403 | H | [20] | |||
BaI2 | 2 | 0 | -57.6 | 144 | 460 | H | [20] | |||
BeBr2 | 10 | 6 | -13.5 | 41 | 586 | pT | 194.5 | 268 | 5 | [51] |
BeBr2 | 6 | 4 | -39.2 | 144 | 312 | pT | 228 | 243 | 4 | [51] |
BeCl2 | 12 | 6 | -34.6 | 142 | 279 | pT | 194.5 | 228 | 5 | [51] |
BeCl2 | 6 | 4 | -35.1 | 140 | 289 | pT | 213 | 238 | 6 | [51] |
BeCl2 | 4 | 2 | -75.6 | 136 | 643 | pT | 383.7 | 428.8 | 3 | [51] |
BeI2 ∗ | 13 | 6 | -33.1 | 132 | 291 | pT | 194.5 | 208 | 3 | [51] |
BeI2 | 6 | 4 | -36.7 | 131 | 325 | pT | 223 | 243 | 3 | [51] |
CaBr2 | 8 | 6 | -42.1 | 99 | 525 | H | [20] | |||
CaBr2 | 6 | 2 | -50.3 | 139 | 417 | H | [20] | |||
CaBr2 | 2 | 1 | -73.5 | 147 | 572 | H | [20] | |||
CaBr2 | 1 | 0 | -80.0 | 148 | 618 | H | [20] | |||
CaCl2 | 8 | 4 | -42.1 | 139 | 350 | H | [20] | |||
CaCl2 | 4 | 2 | -43.4 | 138 | 362 | H | [20] | |||
CaCl2 | 2 | 1 | -64.9 | 146 | 509 | H | [20] | |||
CaCl2 | 1 | 0 | -70.9 | 143 | 571 | H | [20] | |||
CaI2 | 8 | 6 | -37.0 | 138 | 309 | H | [20] | |||
CaI2 | 6 | 2 | -60.2 | 139 | 497 | H | [20] | |||
CaI2 | 2 | 1 | -81.7 | 148 | 629 | H | [20] | |||
CaI2 | 1 | 0 | -83.8 | 148 | 647 | H | [20] | |||
Cd(ClO3 )2 | 6 | 4 | -44.7 | 113 | 474 | pT | 342 | 395 | 6 | [40] |
Cd(ClO3 )2 | 4 | ? | -71.7 | 168 | 478 | pT | 389.5 | 409 | 3 | [40] |
Cd(IO3 )2 | 4 | ? | -37.6 | 97 | 476 | pT | 364 | 383 | 3 | [40] |
CdBr2 | 6 | ? | -48.3 | 135 | 412 | pT | 318 | 357.3 | 8 | [54] |
CdCl2 | 6 | -44.0 | 132 | 386 | pT | 306.5 | 330.5 | 2 | [54] | |
CdI2 | 6 | ? | -51.0 | 134 | 441 | pT | 339 | 381.5 | 8 | [54] |
Salt Salt |
Initial loading (n) |
Final loading (m) |
∆H0 (kJ/mol) |
∆S (J/(mol·K)) |
Tp=0.9MPa (K) |
pT/H | Tmin(K) | Tmax(K) | Data points | Ref |
Co(H2 PO2 )2 | 6 | ? | -46.9 | 145 | 371 | pT | 293 | 324 | 6 | [59] |
Co(HCO2 )2 | 6 | 4 | -35.1 | 119 | 350 | pT | 258 | 294.5 | 7 | [59] |
Co(HCO2 )2 | 4 | ? | -44.7 | 122 | 432 | pT | 297 | 365 | 7 | [59] |
Co(NO3 )2 | 6 | ? | -29.5 | 65 | 631 | pT | 294 | 433 | 8 | [59] |
CoBr2 | 6 | 2 | -52.2 | 116 | 536 | pT | 409.8 | 448.5 | 3 | [24] |
CoBr2 | 2 | 1 | -83.8 | 135 | 718 | pT | 425 | 454.8 | 3 | [24] |
CoBr2 | 1 | 0 | -91.0 | 144 | 723 | pT | 434.4 | 481.4 | 4 | [24] |
CoC4 H6 Ø4 | 6 | ? | -34.2 | 107 | 384 | pT | 273 | 319 | 9 | [59] |
CoCl2 ∗ | 10 | 6 | -30.3 | 127 | 277 | pT | 194.5 | 218 | 5 | [24] |
CoCl2 | 6 | 2 | -60.1 | 147 | 468 | pT | 380.5 | 410 | 3 | [45] |
CoCl2 ∗ | 2 | 1 | -29.0 | 39 | 1390 | pT | 503 | 509 | 3 | [24] |
CoCl2 | 1 | 0 | -96.0 | 153 | 713 | pT | 481 | 503 | 3 | [24] |
CoF2 ·H2 O | 5 | 1 | -44.2 | 136 | 376 | pT | 262 | 299 | 5 | [61] |
CoF2 ·H2 O | 1 | 0 | -53.2 | 140 | 437 | pT | 307 | 334.5 | 3 | [61] |
CoI2 | 6 | 2 | -63.2 | 136 | 538 | H | [24] | |||
CoI2 | 2 | 1 | -146.2 | 287 | 544 | pT | 409.5 | 426.5 | 2 | [24] |
CoS2 O6 | 5 | ? | -51.7 | 120 | 509 | pT | 373.5 | 430.5 | 8 | [59] |
Cr[NH3]6 Br | 6 | ? | -89.8 | 184 | 541 | pT | 439 | 450 | 2 | [37] |
Cr[NH3]6 I | 6 | ? | -51.3 | 117 | 518 | pT | 345.5 | 415 | 3 | [37] |
Cr[NH3]6 NO3 Br2 | 6 | ? | -75.2 | 163 | 519 | pT | 411.7 | 459 | 4 | [37] |
Cr[NH3]6 SO4 | 6 | ? | -31.3 | 68 | 624 | pT | 343 | 444.5 | 5 | [37] |
CrCl3 | 6 | 3 | -33.0 | 104 | 384 | pT | 273 | 316.5 | 6 | [37] |
CrCl3 | 3 | ? | -53.7 | 145 | 424 | pT | 317 | 368 | 6 | [37] |
Cu(ClO3 )2 | 6 | ? | -16.3 | 52 | 485 | pT | 258 | 304 | 5 | [40] |
Cu(ClO4 )2 | 6 | ? | -31.3 | 88 | 447 | pT | 293 | 356 | 9 | [43] |
Cu(HCOO)2 | 4 | ? | -37.9 | 109 | 417 | pT | 260 | 335 | 11 | [43] |
Cu(IO3 )2 | 5 | 4 | -46.6 | 130 | 419 | pT | 323.5 | 357.5 | 5 | [40] |
Cu(NO3 )2 | 4 | ? | -64.9 | 136 | 552 | pT | 416 | 448.5 | 4 | [43] |
Cu(NO3 )2 | 6 | 4 | -35.1 | 128 | 321 | pT | 255 | 286 | 7 | [43] |
Cu(SCN)2 | 6 | 4 | -19.5 | 75 | 345 | pT | 254 | 261 | 3 | [43] |
Cu(SCN)2 | 4 | ? | -56.6 | 148 | 436 | pT | 290.5 | 383 | 10 | [43] |
CuBr | 3 | 1.5 | -38.5 | 119 | 382 | pT | 285 | 322 | 7 | [57,17] |
CuBr | 1.5 | 1 | -58.9 | 157 | 426 | pT | 306 | 371 | 4 | [17] |
CuBr | 1 | 0 | -71.3 | 177 | 448 | pT | 317 | 349.8 | 3 | [17] |
CuC2 O4 | 5 | ? | -64.1 | 206 | 341 | pT | 254 | 311 | 8 | [43] |
CuC7 H5 O7 | 5 | 4 | -31.6 | 117 | 320 | pT | 257 | 270.5 | 4 | [43] |
CuCl | 1.5 | 1 | -56.6 | 157 | 409 | pT | 305.7 | 349.3 | 3 | [29] |
CuCl | 1 | 0 | -74.7 | 161 | 522 | pT | 305.7 | 349.3 | 3 | [29] |
CuCl | 6 | 3 | -43.3 | 114 | 452 | pT | 346 | 378 | 4 | [54] |
CuCl | 3 | 1.5 | -39.4 | 123 | 375 | pT | 288 | 320 | 7 | [57] |
CuI | 3 | 2 | -43.8 | 136 | 372 | pT | 263 | 322 | 7 | [57,17] |
CuI | 2 | 1 | -50.2 | 151 | 378 | pT | 281 | 317 | 4 | [17] |
CuI | 1 | 0.5 | -59.7 | 144 | 476 | pT | 349.6 | 382 | 3 | [17] |
CuI | 0.5 | 0 | -69.5 | 161 | 486 | pT | 371 | 409 | 3 | [17] |
CuS2 O6 | 5 | 4 | -34.0 | 114 | 354 | pT | 253 | 299 | 9 | [43] |
CuS2 O6 ∗ | 4 | ? | -20.3 | 23 | 3991 | pT | 385 | 457 | 4 | [43] |
CuS4 O6 | 4 | ? | -57.0 | 154 | 420 | pT | 293.5 | 366 | 6 | [43] |
FeBr | 6 | 2 | -57.4 | 136 | 485 | H | [20] | |||
FeBr | 2 | 1 | -85.4 | 140 | 699 | pT | 488 | 550 | 3 | [24] |
FeBr | 1 | 0 | -86.7 | 137 | 733 | pT | 488 | 550 | 3 | [24] |
FeBr3 | 6 | ? | -32.9 | 101 | 398 | pT | 273 | 326 | 6 | [37] |
FeCl2 ∗ | 10 | 6 | -31.0 | 130 | 278 | pT | 194.5 | 218 | 5 | [45] |
FeCl2 | 6 | 2 | -49.7 | 128 | 455 | pT | 344 | 387 | 5 | [54,24] |
FeCl2 | 2 | 1 | -74.6 | 133 | 650 | pT | 503 | 550 | 2 | [24] |
FeCl2 | 1 | 0 | -79.6 | 123 | 761 | pT | 487.5 | 550 | 3 | [24] |
FeCl3 | 6 | ? | -36.8 | 107 | 416 | pT | 300.5 | 343.5 | 6 | [37] |
FeF2 ·H2 O | 5 | 1 | -42.3 | 139 | 351 | pT | 252 | 273 | 3 | [61] |
FeF2 ·H2 O | 1 | 0 | -53.2 | 142 | 430 | pT | 298 | 334 | 4 | [61] |
FeI2 | 6 | 2 | -62.3 | 136 | 530 | H | [20] | |||
FeI2 | 2 | 0 | -94.2 | 153 | 701 | pT | 488 | 551 | 3 | [24] |
FeSO4 | 12 | ? | -43.4 | 140 | 358 | pT | 273 | 310 | 7 | [37] |
InBr3 ∗ | 15 | ? | -38.7 | 153 | 287 | pT | 194.5 | 231.4 | 4 | [69] |
InCl3 ∗ | 15 | 7 | -36.9 | 146 | 289 | pT | 194.5 | 235.2 | 5 | [69] |
InI3 ∗ | 21 | 13 | -36.3 | 149 | 278 | pT | 194.5 | 223.4 | 4 | [69] |
InI3 ∗ | 13 | 9 | -36.0 | 142 | 290 | pT | 215.5 | 233.5 | 3 | [69] |
InI3 | 9 | ? | -56.6 | 207 | 300 | pT | 244.5 | 253.1 | 3 | [69] |
KBr∗ | 4 | ? | -29.6 | 125 | 278 | pT | 194.5 | 213 | 3 | [49] |
KI | 6 | 4 | -27.2 | 107 | 306 | pT | 194.5 | 203 | 2 | [49] |
KI | 4 | ? | -29.5 | 113 | 311 | pT | 194.5 | 218 | 5 | [49] |
LiBr∗ | 6.5 | 5 | -27.5 | 116 | 282 | pT | 194.5 | 213 | 2 | [49] |
LiBr | 5 | 1 | -36.0 | 139 | 298 | pT | 213 | 253 | 4 | [49] |
LiBr | 5 | 4 | -34.6 | 112 | 370 | H | [20] | |||
LiBr | 4 | 3 | -43.9 | 133 | 383 | H | [20] | |||
LiBr | 3 | 2 | -47.7 | 139 | 395 | H | [20] | |||
LiBr | 2 | 1 | -50.7 | 141 | 413 | H | [20] | |||
LiBr | 1 | 0 | -58.5 | 139 | 484 | H | [20] | |||
LiBr | 1 | ? | -57.1 | 136 | 487 | pT | 334 | 384 | 5 | [49] |
LiCl∗ | 5 | 4 | -38.5 | 151 | 290 | pT | 214.5 | 228 | 3 | [49] |
LiCl | 4 | 3 | -37.8 | 133 | 330 | H | [20] | |||
Salt Salt |
Initial loading (n) |
Final loading (m) |
∆H0 (kJ/mol) |
∆S (J/(mol·K)) |
Tp=0.9MPa (K) |
pT/H | Tmin(K) | Tmax(K) | Data points | Ref |
LiCl | 3 | 2 | -46.0 | 138 | 383 | H | [20] | |||
LiCl | 2 | 1 | -49.4 | 139 | 409 | H | [20] | |||
LiCl | 1 | 0 | -53.3 | 139 | 443 | H | [20] | |||
LiI∗ | 7 | 5.5 | -30.4 | 129 | 274 | pT | 194.5 | 213 | 3 | [49] |
LiI∗ | 5.5 | 5 | -29.0 | 121 | 283 | pT | 194.5 | 213 | 3 | [49] |
LiI | 5 | 4 | -36.6 | 141 | 297 | pT | 203 | 253 | 5 | [49] |
LiI | 4 | 3 | -54.7 | 149 | 419 | pT | 288 | 363.5 | 12 | [49,57] |
LiI | 3 | 2 | -53.1 | 141 | 433 | pT | 291 | 337.8 | 5 | [49] |
LiI | 2 | 1 | -54.5 | 126 | 508 | pT | 337.8 | 373 | 5 | [49] |
LiI | 1 | 0 | -66.7 | 135 | 573 | pT | 388 | 408 | 3 | [49] |
MgBr2 | 2 | 1 | -81.9 | 129 | 736 | pT | 488 | 573 | 4 | [17] |
MgBr2 | 1 | 0 | -84.9 | 123 | 811 | pT | 503 | 573 | 3 | [17] |
MgCl2 | 2 | 1 | -93.8 | 174 | 604 | pT | 458 | 502 | 3 | [17] |
MgCl2 | 1 | 0 | -93.7 | 146 | 732 | pT | 502 | 572 | 3 | [17] |
MgCl2 | 6 | 2 | -44.0 | 144 | 349 | pT | 283 | 303.5 | 4 | [54] |
MgI2 | 6 | 2 | -74.0 | 136 | 825 | H | [20] | |||
MgI2 ∗ | 2 | 0 | -56.6 | 57 | 1450 | pT | 488 | 503 | 2 | [17] |
MnBr2 | 10 | 6 | -30.8 | 131 | 274 | pT | 194.5 | 218 | 5 | [45] |
MnBr2 | 2 | 1 | -78.3 | 139 | 650 | pT | 455 | 503 | 3 | [24] |
MnBr2 | 1 | 0 | -78.6 | 127 | 724 | pT | 488 | 551 | 3 | [24] |
MnBr2 | 6 | 2 | -54.5 | 137 | 460 | H | [24] | |||
MnCl2 ∗ | 12 | 10 | -29.8 | 126 | 276 | pT | 194.5 | 208 | 2 | [45] |
MnCl2 ∗ | 10 | 6 | -30.3 | 126 | 282 | pT | 194.5 | 223 | 5 | [45] |
MnCl2 | 6 | 2 | -41.1 | 113 | 435 | pT | 332 | 362 | 7 | [24,54] |
MnCl2 | 2 | 1 | -71.4 | 137 | 601 | pT | 454 | 503 | 3 | [24] |
MnCl2 | 1 | 0 | -77.0 | 123 | 735 | pT | 488 | 551 | 3 | [24] |
MnF2 ·H2 O | 5 | 1 | -40.5 | 136 | 344 | pT | 252 | 273 | 3 | [61] |
MnF2 ·H2 O | 1 | ? | -53.7 | 144 | 426 | pT | 298 | 334 | 4 | [61] |
MnI2 | 2 | 0 | -76.5 | 124 | 725 | pT | 481 | 488 | 2 | [24] |
MnI2 | 6 | 2 | -60.9 | 136 | 518 | H | [24] | |||
NaBr∗ | 5.75 | 5.25 | -26.0 | 108 | 289 | pT | 194.5 | 213 | 3 | [49] |
NaBr | 5.25 | ? | -38.5 | 143 | 309 | pT | 213 | 243 | 4 | [49] |
NaCl∗ | 5 | ? | -34.9 | 140 | 286 | pT | 194.5 | 249 | 4 | [49] |
NaI∗ | 6 | 4.5 | -31.3 | 125 | 292 | pT | 194.5 | 218 | 6 | [49] |
NaI | 4.5 | ? | -39.0 | 127 | 358 | pT | 233 | 273 | 5 | [49] |
Ni(C7 H5 O2 )2 | 8 | 6 | -48.6 | 179 | 303 | pT | 257 | 271.5 | 6 | [26] |
Ni(C7 H5 O2 )2 | 6 | ? | -10.7 | 31 | 829 | pT | 288 | 362 | 6 | [26] |
Ni(ClO3 )2 | 6 | ? | -44.9 | 90 | 629 | pT | 399 | 432 | 3 | [55] |
Ni(CNS)2 | 6 | ? | -48.7 | 136 | 413 | pT | 318 | 357 | 6 | [55] |
Ni(H2 PO2 )2 | 6 | ? | -50.1 | 137 | 422 | pT | 313 | 368 | 5 | [55] |
Ni(HCO2 )2 | 6 | 4 | -35.7 | 116 | 366 | pT | 273 | 308 | 8 | [55] |
Ni(HCO2 )2 | 4 | ? | -61.1 | 145 | 483 | pT | 333 | 413 | 5 | [55] |
Ni(IO3 )2 | 5 | ? | -56.5 | 161 | 396 | pT | 326 | 352 | 4 | [40] |
Ni(NO2 )2 | 5 | ? | -37.6 | 97 | 479 | pT | 320.5 | 388 | 9 | [55] |
Ni(NO3 )2 | 6 | ? | -47.4 | 101 | 569 | pT | 388 | 464 | 13 | [55] |
NiBr2 | 6 | 2 | -66.4 | 144 | 530 | pT | 429 | 460 | 2 | [54] |
NiBr2 | 2 | 1 | -86.6 | 138 | 725 | pT | 491 | 629 | 22 | [24] |
NiBr2 | 1 | 0 | -86.2 | 136 | 734 | pT | 549 | 609 | 3 | [24] |
NiC4 H6 O4 | 6 | ? | -38.2 | 125 | 358 | pT | 273 | 306 | 7 | [59] |
NiCl2 | 6 | 2 | -59.3 | 132 | 522 | pT | 403 | 448 | 5 | [54,47] |
NiCl2 | 2 | 1 | -100.1 | 172 | 651 | pT | 488 | 584 | 7 | [47] |
NiCl2 | 1 | 0 | -93.8 | 144 | 747 | pT | 538 | 646 | 7 | [47] |
NiF2 ·H2 O | 5 | 1 | -45.1 | 120 | 442 | pT | 273 | 334.5 | 5 | [61] |
NiF2 ·H2 O | 1 | ? | -55.0 | 143 | 442 | pT | 307.5 | 334 | 3 | [61] |
NiI2 | 6 | 2 | -63.1 | 123 | 601 | pT | 447 | 491 | 3 | [47] |
NiI2 | 2 | 0 | -80.5 | 132 | 705 | pT | 452 | 595.5 | 12 | [47] |
NiS2 O3 | 5 | ? | -55.9 | 134 | 482 | pT | 364.5 | 415 | 6 | [55] |
NiS2 O6 | 6 | ? | -47.2 | 102 | 562 | pT | 389 | 455.5 | 7 | [55] |
NiS4 O6 | 6 | ? | -52.8 | 130 | 472 | pT | 349 | 404.5 | 7 | [55] |
PbCl2 | 8 | 3.25 | -35.3 | 132 | 310 | H | [20] | |||
PbCl2 | 3.25 | 2 | -40.4 | 139 | 336 | H | [20] | |||
PbCl2 | 2 | 1.5 | -47.3 | 139 | 391 | H | [20] | |||
PbCl2 | 1.5 | 1 | -48.6 | 141 | 396 | H | [20] | |||
PbCl2 | 1 | 0 | -57.2 | 139 | 472 | H | [20] | |||
PbI2 ∗ | 8 | 5 | -33.5 | 135 | 288 | H | [20] | |||
PbI2 | 5 | 2 | -41.7 | 138 | 349 | H | [20] | |||
PbI2 | 2 | 1 | -48.6 | 142 | 393 | H | [20] | |||
PbI2 | 1 | 0.5 | -56.8 | 140 | 465 | H | [20] | |||
PbI2 | 0.5 | 0 | -61.9 | 138 | 516 | H | [20] | |||
PBr2 | 8 | 5.5 | -35.3 | 133 | 307 | H | [20] | |||
PBr2 | 5.5 | 3 | -38.7 | 138 | 323 | H | [20] | |||
PBr2 | 3 | 2 | -40.8 | 138 | 342 | H | [20] | |||
PBr2 | 2 | 1 | -49.0 | 138 | 408 | H | [20] | |||
PBr2 | 1 | 0 | -67.1 | 144 | 534 | H | [20] | |||
PtCl3 | 5 | 4 | -24.2 | 77 | 410 | pT | 259 | 314.5 | 9 | [37] |
PtI3 | 6 | 4 | -40.5 | 150 | 307 | pT | 265 | 267.5 | 3 | [37] |
PtI3 | 4 | ? | -59.0 | 133 | 514 | pT | 399 | 436 | 2 | [37] |
RbBr | 3 | ? | -22.4 | 89 | 315 | pT | 194.5 | 203 | 2 | [49] |
RbI∗ | 6 | ? | -33.6 | 139 | 279 | pT | 194.5 | 203 | 2 | [49] |
Salt Salt |
Initial loading (n) |
Final loading (m) |
∆H0 (kJ/mol) |
∆S (J/(mol·K)) |
Tp=0.9MPa (K) |
pT/H | Tmin(K) | Tmax(K) | Data points | Ref |
SbF3 ∗ | 6 | 4 | -31.7 | 129 | 286 | pT | 194.5 | 223 | 5 | [61] |
SbF3 ∗ | 4 | 3 | -31.9 | 127 | 292 | pT | 213 | 223 | 3 | [61] |
SbF3 | 3 | 2 | -38.8 | 130 | 348 | pT | 252 | 273 | 3 | [61] |
SbF3 | 2 | 1 | -59.6 | 163 | 412 | pT | 290 | 335 | 4 | [61] |
SbF3 | 1 | ? | -59.7 | 140 | 489 | pT | 334.5 | 383 | 5 | [61] |
SnBr2 ∗ | 9 | 5 | -31.4 | 128 | 286 | pT | 194.5 | 233.3 | 3 | [?] |
SnBr2 | 5 | 3 | -52.4 | 175 | 334 | pT | 251.7 | 290.6 | 3 | [?] |
SnBr2 | 3 | 2 | -99.9 | 278 | 384 | pT | 328.9 | 337.6 | 3 | [?] |
SnBr2 | 2 | 1 | -62.2 | 150 | 474 | pT | 353 | 383.5 | 3 | [?] |
SnBr2 | 1 | 0 | -85.1 | 141 | 692 | H | [20] | |||
SnCl2 | 9 | 4 | -36.5 | 149 | 280 | pT | 194.5 | 236.4 | 3 | [?] |
SnCl2 | 4 | ? | -42.5 | 148 | 328 | pT | 237 | 283.6 | 3 | [?] |
SnI2 ∗ | 10 | 5 | -35.9 | 143 | 288 | pT | 194.5 | 227 | 3 | [?] |
SnI2 | 5 | 3 | -45.8 | 146 | 359 | pT | 250 | 289.5 | 3 | [?] |
SnI2 | 3 | 2 | -58.6 | 161 | 411 | pT | 307.8 | 353 | 3 | [?] |
SnI2 | 2 | 1 | -51.5 | 123 | 490 | pT | 334 | 370 | 3 | [?] |
SnI2 | 1 | 0 | -63.3 | 129 | 570 | pT | 370 | 412 | 3 | [?] |
SrBr2 | 8 | 2 | -46.9 | 138 | 392 | H | [20] | |||
SrBr2 | 2 | 1 | -55.0 | 145 | 436 | H | [20] | |||
SrBr2 | 1 | 0 | -72.2 | 156 | 526 | H | [20] | |||
SrCl2 | 8 | 1 | -42.1 | 136 | 359 | H | [20] | |||
SrCl2 | 1 | 0 | -49.4 | 158 | 354 | H | [20] | |||
SrI2 | 8 | 6 | -47.3 | 139 | 393 | H | [20] | |||
SrI2 | 6 | 2 | -54.2 | 139 | 449 | H | [20] | |||
SrI2 | 2 | 1 | -66.6 | 147 | 518 | H | [20] | |||
SrI2 | 1 | 0 | -78.7 | 148 | 606 | H | [20] | |||
Tl(SO4 )3 | 10 | ? | -38.6 | 104 | 453 | pT | 333 | 373 | 3 | [37] |
TlBr | 3 | 0 | -24.4 | 101 | 296 | pT | 213 | 223 | 2 | [17] |
TlCl∗ | 3 | 0 | -27.9 | 116 | 286 | pT | 194 | 223 | 3 | [17] |
TlCl3 | 6 | ? | -36.9 | 97 | 469 | pT | 294.5 | 374 | 5 | [37] |
TlI∗ | 3 | 0 | -29.0 | 121 | 282 | pT | 194 | 223 | 3 | [17] |
Zn(ClO3 )2 | 6 | ? | -36.7 | 63 | 829 | pT | 387 | 450 | 4 | [54] |
Zn(ClO3 )2 | 6 | 4 | -27.5 | 96 | 354 | pT | 258 | 284 | 13 | [40] |
Zn(ClO4 )2 | 4 | ? | -37.6 | 120 | 372 | pT | 265 | 315 | 9 | [40] |
Zn(CNS)2 | 4 | ? | -57.7 | 158 | 414 | pT | 304 | 361 | 9 | [42] |
Zn(CNS)2 | 6 | 4 | -28.9 | 105 | 332 | pT | 252 | 273 | 3 | [42] |
Zn(HCO2 )2 | 5 | ? | -44.6 | 138 | 374 | pT | 281 | 324 | 9 | [42] |
Zn(IO3 )2 | 4 | ? | -46.4 | 109 | 513 | pT | 350 | 403 | 5 | [40] |
Zn(NO2 )2 | 1 | 0 | -29.1 | 68 | 583 | pT | 298 | 401 | 15 | [42] |
Zn(NO3 )2 | 6 | 4 | -12.5 | 36 | 722 | pT | 273 | 356 | 8 | [42] |
Zn(NO3 )2 | 4 | ? | -54.5 | 110 | 593 | pT | 380 | 481 | 12 | [42] |
ZnBr2 | 6 | ? | -47.2 | 140 | 389 | pT | 285 | 339.5 | 13 | [54] |
ZnBr2 | 6 | 4 | -47.4 | 138 | 394 | H | [20] | |||
ZnBr2 | 4 | 2 | -58.3 | 139 | 483 | H | [20] | |||
ZnBr2 | 2 | 1 | -85.6 | 138 | 715 | H | [20] | |||
ZnBr2 | 1 | 0 | -103.2 | 135 | 881 | H | [20] | |||
ZnC2 H2 O4 | 5 | ? | -49.2 | 169 | 327 | pT | 256 | 288 | 9 | [42] |
ZnC7 H6 O2 | 6 | 4 | -35.3 | 130 | 317 | pT | 253 | 270 | 4 | [42] |
ZnCH3 OOH | 2 | ? | -98.2 | 232 | 459 | pT | 377 | 421 | 10 | [42] |
ZnCl2 ∗ | 10 | 6 | -30.4 | 127 | 279 | H | [20] | |||
ZnCl2 | 6 | 4 | -46.0 | 139 | 382 | H | [20] | |||
ZnCl2 | 4 | 2 | -50.8 | 139 | 423 | H | [20] | |||
ZnCl2 | 2 | 1 | -82.6 | 138 | 689 | H | [20] | |||
ZnCl2 | 1 | 0 | -107.5 | 136 | 913 | H | [20] | |||
ZnI2 | 6 | ? | -49.1 | 145 | 387 | pT | 284 | 340 | 20 | [54,42] |
ZnI2 | 6 | 4 | -46.9 | 138 | 390 | H | [20] | |||
ZnI2 | 4 | 2 | -66.2 | 139 | 547 | H | [20] | |||
ZnI2 | 2 | 1 | -83.4 | 138 | 697 | H | [20] | |||
ZnI2 | 1 | 0 | -94.6 | 137 | 794 | H | [20] | |||
ZnS2 O3 | 5 | 3 | -60.0 | 182 | 367 | pT | 288 | 332 | 6 | [42] |
ZnS2 O3 | 3 | ? | -32.8 | 70 | 631 | pT | 337 | 445 | 10 | [42] |
ZnS2 O6 | 5 | ? | -62.6 | 182 | 381 | pT | 297 | 342 | 8 | [42] |
ZnS4 O6 | 5 | 3 | -78.2 | 172 | 510 | pT | 382 | 450 | 6 | [42] |
ZnS4 O6 | 3 | ? | -50.6 | 152 | 377 | pT | 275 | 333 | 12 | [42] |
ZnSO3 | 3 | ? | -42.6 | 108 | 476 | pT | 325 | 387 | 7 | [42] |