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Research article

Existence, uniqueness and Ulam's stabilities for a class of implicit impulsive Langevin equation with Hilfer fractional derivatives

  • Received: 15 October 2020 Accepted: 04 January 2021 Published: 02 March 2021
  • MSC : 26A33, 34A08, 34B27

  • In this manuscript, a class of implicit impulsive Langevin equation with Hilfer fractional derivatives is considered. Using the techniques of nonlinear functional analysis, we establish appropriate conditions and results to discuss existence, uniqueness, Ulam-Hyers, generalized Ulam-Hyers, Ulam-Hyers-Rassias and generalized Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability results of our proposed model, with the help of Banach's fixed point theorem. An example is provided at the end to illustrate our results.

    Citation: Xiaoming Wang, Rizwan Rizwan, Jung Rey Lee, Akbar Zada, Syed Omar Shah. Existence, uniqueness and Ulam's stabilities for a class of implicit impulsive Langevin equation with Hilfer fractional derivatives[J]. AIMS Mathematics, 2021, 6(5): 4915-4929. doi: 10.3934/math.2021288

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  • In this manuscript, a class of implicit impulsive Langevin equation with Hilfer fractional derivatives is considered. Using the techniques of nonlinear functional analysis, we establish appropriate conditions and results to discuss existence, uniqueness, Ulam-Hyers, generalized Ulam-Hyers, Ulam-Hyers-Rassias and generalized Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability results of our proposed model, with the help of Banach's fixed point theorem. An example is provided at the end to illustrate our results.



    Fractional differential equations is the generalized form of classical differential equations of integer order. Fractional calculus is now a developed area and it has many applications in porous media, electrochemistry, economics, electromagnetics, physical sciences, medicine etc., Progressively, the role of fractional differential equations is very important in viscoelasticity, statistical physics, optics, signal processing, control, defence, electrical circuits, astronomy etc. Some interesting articles provide the main theoretical tools for the qualitative analysis of this area and also shows the interconnection as well as the distinction between classical, integral models and fractional differential equations, see [1,17,19,22,23,24,25,26,29,34,35].

    The Langevin equation is an excellent technique to describe some phenomena which can help physicians, engineers, economists, etc., effectively to describe processes. The Langevin equation (drafted for first by Langevin in 1908) is obtained to be an accurate tool to describe the development of physical phenomena. These equations are used to described stochastic problems in physics, defence system, image processing, chemistry, astronomy, mechanical and electrical engineering. They are also used to describe Brownian motion when the random oscillation force is supposed to be Gaussian noise. Fractional order differential equations are utilized for the removal of noise. For more details, see [2,12,20,21,28].

    Recently impulsive differential equations have been considered by many authors due to their significant applications in various fields of science and technology. These equations describe the evolution processes that are subjected to abrupt changes and discontinuous jumps in their states. Many physical systems like the function of pendulum clock, the impact of mechanical systems, preservation of species by means of periodic stocking or harvesting and the heart's function, etc. naturally experience the impulsive phenomena. Similarly in many other situations, the evolutional processes have the impulsive behavior. For example, the interruptions in cellular neural networks, the damper's operation with percussive effects, electromechanical systems subject to relaxational oscillations, dynamical systems having automatic regulations, etc., have the impulsive phenomena. For detail study, see [10,13,16,38,18,42,45,5,40,30]. Due to its large number of applications, this area has been received great importance and remarkable attention from the researchers.

    At Wisconsin university, Ulam raised a question about the stability of functional equations in the year 1940. The question of Ulam was: under what conditions does there exist an additive mapping near an approximately additive mapping [36]. In 1941, Hyers was the first mathematician who gave partial answer to Ulam's question [14], over Banach space. Afterwards, stability of such form is known as Ulam-Hyers stability. In 1978, Rassias [27], provided a remarkable generalization of the Ulam-Hyers stability of mappings by considering variables. For more information about the topic, we refer the reader to [6,15,31,33,37,43,44,46].

    Recently, the existence, uniqueness and different types of fractional nonlinear differential equations with Caputo fractional derivative have received a considerable attention, see [3,7,8,9,32,33].

    Wang et al. [39], studied generalized Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability of the following fractional differential equation:

    {cDα0,υx(υ)=f(υ,x(υ)),υ(υi,si],i=0,1,,m,0<α<1,x(υ)=gi(υ,x(υ)),υ(si1,υi],i=1,2,,m.

    Zada et al. [41], studied existence, uniqueness of solutions by using Diaz-Margolis's fixed point theorem [11] and presented different types of Ulam-Hyers stability for a class of nonlinear implicit fractional differential equation with non-instantaneous integral impulses and nonlinear integral boundary conditions:

    {cDα0,υx(υ)=f(υ,x(υ),cDα0,υx(υ)), υ(υi,si], i=0,1,,m, 0<α<1, υ(0,1],x(υ)=Iαsi1,υi(ξi(υ,x(υ))), υ(si1,υi],  i=1,2,,m,x(0)=1Γ(α)T0(Tς)α1η(ς,x(ς))dς.

    Motivated by the aforesaid work, in this manuscript, we investigate the existence, uniqueness, Ulam-Hyers, generalized Ulam-Hyers, Ulam-Hyers-Rassias and generalized Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability results for the following nonlinear implicit impulsive Langevin equation with two Hilfer fractional derivatives:

    {Dα1,β(Dα2,β+λ)x(υ)=f(υ,x(υ),Dα1,βx(υ)),  υJ=[0,T], 0<α1,α2<1,  0β1,Δ x(υi)=Ii(x(υi)),  i=1,2,,m,I1γx(0)=x0,γ=(α1+α2)(1β)+β, (1.1)

    where Dα1,β and Dα2,β represents two Hilfer fractional derivatives, of order α1 and α2 respectively, β determines to the type of initial condition used in the problem. Further f:J×R×RR is continuous and Ii:RR for all i=1,2,,m, represents impulsive nonlinear mapping and Δx(υi)=x(υ+i)x(υi), where x(υ+i) and x(υi) represent the right and the lift limits, respectively, at υ=υi for i=1,2,,m.

    In the second section of this paper, we introduce some notations, definitions and auxiliary results. In section 3, we give the existence, uniqueness results for the proposed model (1.1) obtained via the Banach's contraction. In Section 4, we investigate the Ulam-Hyers, generalized Ulam-Hyers, Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability and generalized Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stability of our proposed model (1.1). Finally, we give an example which supports our main result.

    We recall some definitions of fractional calculus from [17,26] as follows.

    Definition 2.1. The fractional integral of order α from 0 to x for the function f is

    Iα0,xf(x)=1Γ(α)x0f(ς)(xς)α1dς,x>0, α>0,

    where Γ() is the Gamma function.

    Definition 2.2. The Riemman-Liouville fractional derivative of fractional order α for f is

    LDα0,xf(x)=1Γ(nα)dndxnx0f(ς)(xς)α+1ndς,x>0, n1<α<n.

    Definition 2.3. The Caputo derivative of fractional order α for f is

    cDα0,xf(x)=1Γ(nα)x0(xς)nα1f(n)(ς)dς,wheren=[α]+1.

    Definition 2.4. The classical Caputo derivative of order α of f is

    cDα0,x=LDα0,x(f(x)n1k=0xkk!f(k)(0)),x>0, n1<α<n.

    Definition 2.5. The Hilfer fractional derivative of order 0<α<1 and 0β1 of function f(x) is

    Dα,βf(x)=(Iβ(1α)D(I(1β)(1α)(f))(x).

    The Hilfer fractional derivative is used as an interpolator between the Riemman-Liouville and Caputo derivative.

    Remark 2.1. (a) Operator Dα,β also can be written as

    Dα,βf(x)=(Iβ(1α)D(I(1β)(1α)))=Iβ(1α)Dγ, γ=α+βαβ.

    (b) If β=0, then Dα,β=Dα,0 is called Riemman–Liouville fractional derivative.

    (c) If β=1, then Dα,β=I1αD is called Caputo fractional derivative.

    Remark 2.2. (ⅰ) If f()Cm([0,),R), then

    cDα0,xf(x)=1Γ(mα)x0fm(ς)(xς)α+1mdς=Imα0,xf(m)(x),x>0, m1<α<m.

    (ⅱ) In Definition 2.4, the integrable function f can be discontinuous. This fact can support us to consider impulsive fractional problems in the sequel.

    Lemma 2.1. [17] The fractional differential equation cDαf(x)=0 with α>0, involving Caputo differential operator cDα have a solution in the following form:

    f(x)=c0+c1x+c2x2++cm1xm1,

    where ciR, i=0,1,,m1 and m=[α]+1.

    Lemma 2.2. [17] For arbitrary α>0, we have

    Iα(cDαf(x))=c0+c1x+c2x2++cm1xm1,

    where ciR, i=0,1,,m1 and m=[α]+1.

    Lemma 2.3. [26] Let α>0 and β>0, fL1([a,b]).

    ThenIαIβf(x)=Iα+βf(x),cDα0,x(cDβ0,xf(x))=cDα+β0,xf(x)andIαDα0,xf(x)=f(x),x[a,b].

    Let J=[0,T], J0=[0,υ1], J1=(υ1,υ2], J2=(υ2,υ3],, Jm1=(υm1,υm], Jm=(υm,T], J=J{υ0,υ1,υ2,,υm}. Also for convenience use the notation Ji=(υi,υi+1].

    Theorem 2.1. [[4](Banach's fixed point theorem)]. Let B be a Banach space. Then any contraction mapping N:BB has a unique fixed point.

    In this section, we investigate the existence, uniqueness of solutions to the proposed Langevin equation using two Hilfer fractional derivatives.

    Lemma 3.1. Let f:J×R×RR is a function such that f(,x(),Dα1,βx())C1γ[0,T] for all xC1γ[0,T]. A function xCγ1γ[0,T] is equivalent to the integral equation

    x(υ)={x0Γ(γ)υγ1+1Γ(α1+α2)υ0(υς)α1+α21f(ς,x(ς),Dα1,βx(ς))dςλΓ(α1)υ0(υς)α11x(ς)dς υJ0,x0Γ(γ)υγ11+υυ1(υς)α1+α21Γ(α1+α2)f(ς,x(ς),Dα1,βx(ς))dς+υ10(υ1ς)α1+α21Γ(α1+α2)f(ς,x(ς),Dα1,βx(ς))dςλΓ(α1)υ10(υ1ς)α11x(ς)dςλΓ(α1)υυ1(υς)α11x(ς)dς+I1(x(υ1))υJ1,x0Γ(γ)υγ1m+mi=1υiυi1(υiς)α1+α21Γ(α1+α2)f(ς,x(ς),Dα1,βx(ς))dςmi=1λΓ(α1)υiυi1(υiς)α11x(ς)dς+mi=1Ii(x(υi))υJii=1,2,,m, (3.1)

    is the only solution of the problem (1.1)

    Proof. Let x satisfies (1.1), then for any υJ0, there exists a constant cR, such that

    x(υ)=c+υ0(υς)α1+α21Γ(α1+α2)f(ς,x(ς),Dα1,βx(ς))dςλΓ(α1)υ0(υς)α11x(ς)dς. (3.2)

    Using the condition I1γx(0)=x0, Eq (3.2) yields that

    x(υ)=x0Γ(γ)υγ1+υ0(υς)α1+α21Γ(α1+α2)f(ς,x(ς),Dα1,βx(ς))dςλΓ(α1)υ0(υς)α11x(ς)dς,υJ0.

    Similarly for υJ1, there exists a constant d1R, such that

    x(υ)=d1+1Γ(α1+α2)υυ1(υς)α1+α21f(ς,x(ς),Dα1,βx(ς))dςλΓ(α1)υυ1(υς)α11x(ς)dς.

    Using the condition, we get

    x(υ1)=x0Γ(γ)υγ11+υ10(υiς)α1+α21Γ(α1+α2)f(ς,x(ς),Dα1,βx(ς))dςλΓ(α1)υ10(υiς)α11x(ς)dς,
    x(υ+1)=d1.

    In view of

    Δ x(υ1)=x(υ+1)x(υ1)=I1(x(υ1)),

    we get

    x(υ+1)x(υ1)=d1x0Γ(γ)υγ11υ10(υiς)α1+α21Γ(α1+α2)f(ς,x(ς),Dα1,βx(ς))dς+λΓ(α1)υ10(υiς)α11x(ς)dς,
    I1(x(υ1))=d1x0Γ(γ)υγ11υ10(υiς)α1+α21Γ(α1+α2)f(ς,x(ς),Dα1,βx(ς))dς+λΓ(α1)υ10(υiς)α11x(ς)dς,
    d1=x0Γ(γ)υγ11+υ10(υiς)α1+α21Γ(α1+α2)f(ς,x(ς),Dα1,βx(ς))dςλΓ(α1)υ10(υiς)β1x(ς)dς+I1(x(υ1)).

    For this value of d1, we have

    x(υ)=υυ1(υς)α1+α21Γ(α1+α2)f(ς,x(ς),Dα1,βx(ς))dς+υ10(υiς)α1+α21Γ(α1+α2)f(ς,x(ς),Dα1,βx(ς))dςλΓ(α1)υ10(υiς)α11x(ς)dςλΓ(α1)υυ1(υς)α11x(ς)dς+x0Γ(γ)υγ11+I1(x(υ1)).

    Similarly for υJi, we get

    x(υ)=x0Γ(γ)υγ1i+mi=11Γ(α1+α2)υiυi1(υiς)α1+α21f(ς,x(ς),Dα1,βx(ς))dςmi=1λΓ(α1)υ1υi1(υiς)α11x(ς)dς+mi=1Ii(x(υi)).

    Conversely, let that x satisfies (3.1), then it can be easily proved that the solution x(υ) given by (3.1) satisfies (1.1).

    Consider some assumptions as follows:

    (H1) fC(J×R×R,R) is continuous.

    (H2) There exists positive constants Łf and Łg, such that |f(w,u,m)f(w,v,n)|Łf|uv|+Łg|mn|, for each wJ and all u,v,m,nR.

    (H3) There exists Łk>0, such that |Ii(u)Ii(v)|Łk|uv|, for each υJi, i=1,2,,m, and for all u,vR.

    (H4) There exists φPC(J,R+) and λφ>0 Iαφ(υ)λφφ(υ)   foreach  υJ.

    Theorem 3.1. Let assumptions (H1)(H3) be satisfied and if

    (mŁfΓ(α1+α2+1)Tα1+α2+mλŁgΓ(α1+α2+1)Tα1+α2+mλΓ(α1+1)Tα11+mŁk)<1, (3.3)

    then (1.1) has a unique solution x in C1γ[0,T].

    Proof. We define a mapping N:C1γ[0,T]C1γ[0,T]

    {(Nx)(υ)=x0Γ(γ)υγ1+υ0(υς)α1+α21Γ(α1+α2)f(ς,x(ς),Dα1,βx(ς))dςλΓ(α1)υ0(υς)α11x(ς)dςυJ0,(Nx)(υ)=x0Γ(γ)υγ1m+mi=11Γ(α1+α2)υiυi1(υiς)α1+α21f(ς,x(ς),Dα1,βx(ς))dςmi=1λΓ(α1)υiυi1(υiς)α11x(ς)dς+mi=1Ii(x(υi))υJii=1,2,,m.

    For any x,yC1γ[0,T] and υJi, consider the following

    |(Nx)(υ)(Ny)(υ)|mi=1υiυi1(υiς)α1+α21Γ(α1+α2)|f(ς,x(ς),Dα1,βx(ς))f(ς,y(ς),Dα1,βy(ς))|dςmi=1λΓ(α1)υiυi1(υiς)α11|x(ς)y(ς)|dς+mi=1|Ii(x(υi))Ii(y(υi))|mi=1ŁfΓ(α1+α2)υiυi1(υiς)α1+α21|x(ς)y(ς)|dς+mi=1ŁgΓ(α1+α2)υiυi1(υiς)α1+α21|Dα1,βx(ς)Dα1,βy(ς)|dςmi=1λΓ(α1)υiυi1(υiς)α11|x(ς)y(ς)|dς+Łkmi=1|x(υ)y(υ)|mi=1ŁfΓ(α1+α2)υiυi1(υiς)α1+α21|x(ς)y(ς)|dς+mi=1ŁgΓ(α1+α2)υiυi1(υiς)α1+α21Dα1,β|x(ς)y(ς)|dςmi=1λΓ(α1)υiυi1(υiς)α11|x(ς)y(ς)|dς+Łkmi=1|x(υ)y(υ)|
    (mŁf(υiυi1)α1+α2Γ(α1+α2+1)+mλŁg(υiυi1)α1+α2Γ(α1+α2+1)mλΓ(α1+1)(υiυi1)α1+mŁk)|x(υ)y(υ)|(mŁfΓ(α1+α2+1)Tα1+α2+mλŁgΓ(α1+α2+1)Tα1+α2+mλΓ(α1+1)Tα1+mŁk)|x(υ)y(υ)|.

    Now since

    (mŁfΓ(α1+α2+1)Tα1+α2+mλŁgΓ(α1+α2+1)Tα1+α2+mλΓ(α1+1)Tα11+mŁk)<1.

    Hence x is a contraction according to Banach's contraction theorem and so it has only one fixed point, which is the only one solution of (1.1).

    Let ε>0 and φ:JR+ be a continuous function. Consider

    {|Dα1,β(Dα2,β+λ)z(υ)f(υ,z(υ),Dα1,βz(υ))|ευJi,  i=1,2,,m,|Δ z(υi)Ii(z(υi))|ε,i=1,2,,m, (4.1)
    {|Dα1,β(Dα2,β+λ)z(υ)f(υ,z(υ),Dα1,βz(υ))|φ(υ)υJi,  i=1,2,,m,|Δ z(υi)Ii(z(υi))|ψ,i=1,2,,m, (4.2)

    and

    {|Dα1,β(Dα2,β+λ)z(υ)f(υ,z(υ),Dα1,βz(υ))|εφ(υ)υJi,  i=1,2,,m,|Δ z(υi)Ii(z(υi))|εψ,i=1,2,,m. (4.3)

    Definition 4.1. The problem (1.1) is Ulam-Hyers stable if there exists a real number Cf,i,q,σ such that for each solution ε>0 and for each solution zC1γ[0,T] of the inequality (4.1), there exists a solution xC1γ[0,T] of the problem (1.1) such that

    |z(υ)x(υ)|Cf,i,q,σ ε  υJ. (4.4)

    Definition 4.2. The problem (1.1) is generalized Ulam-Hyers stable if there exists ϕf,i,q,σC1γ[0,T], ϕf,i,q,σ(0)=0 and ε>0 such that for each solution zC1γ[0,T] of the inequality (4.1), there exists a solution xC1γ[0,T] of the problem (1.1) such that

    |z(υ)x(υ)|ϕf,i,q,σ ε  υJ. (4.5)

    Remark 4.1. Keep in mind that Definition 4.1 Definition 4.2.

    Definition 4.3. The problem (1.1) is Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stable with respect to (φ,ψ) if there exists Cf,i,q,σ,φ>0 such that for each ε>0 and for each solution zC1γ[0,T] of inequality (4.3) there is a solution xC1γ[0,T] of the problem (1.1) with

    |z(υ)x(υ)|Cf,i,q,σ,φε(φ(υ)+ψ) ε  υJ. (4.6)

    Definition 4.4. The problem (1.1) is generalized Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stable with respect to (φ,ψ) if there exists Cf,i,q,σ,φ>0 such that for each solution zC1γ[0,T] of inequality (4.2) there is a solution xC1γ[0,T] of the problem (1.1) with

    |z(υ)x(υ)|Cf,i,q,σ,φ(φ(υ)+ψ) ε  υJ. (4.7)

    Remark 4.2. It should be noted that Definition 4.3 implies Definition 4.4.

    Remark 4.3. A function zC1γ[0,T] is a solution of the inequality (4.1) there exists a function gC1γ[0,T] and a sequence gi,i=1,2,,m, depending on g, such that

    (a) |g(υ)|ε, |gi|ε  υJi, i=1,2,,m,

    (b) Dα1,β(Dα2,β+λ)z(υ)=f(υ,z(υ),Dα1,βz(υ))+g(υ),  υJi, i=1,2,,m,

    (c) Δ x(υi)=Ii(x(υi))+gi,  υJi, i=1,2,,m.

    Remark 4.4. A function zC1γ[0,T] satisfies (4.2) there exists gC1γ[0,T] and a sequence gi,i=1,2,,m, depending on g, such that

    (a) |g(υ)|φ(υ), |gi|ψ  υJi, i=1,2,,m,

    (b) Dα1,β(Dα2,β+λ)z(υ)=f(υ,z(υ),Dα1,βz(υ))+g(υ),  υJi, i=1,2,,m,

    (c) Δ x(υi)=Ii(x(υi))+gi,  υJi, i=1,2,,m.

    Remark 4.5. A function zC1γ[0,T] satisfies (4.2) there exists gC1γ[0,T] and a sequence gi,i=1,2,,m, depending on g, such that

    (a) |g(υ)|εφ(υ), |gi|εψ  υJi, i=1,2,,m,

    (b) Dα1,β(Dα2,β+λ)z(υ)=f(υ,z(υ),Dα1,βz(υ))+g(υ),  υJi, i=1,2,,m,

    (c) Δ x(υi)=Ii(x(υi))+gi,  υJi, i=1,2,,m.

    Theorem 4.1. If the assumptions (H1)(H3) and the inequality (3.3) hold, then Eq (1.1) is Ulam–Hyers stable and consequently generalized Ulam–Hyers stable.

    Proof. Let yC1γ[0,T] satisfies (4.1) and let x be the only one solution of

    {Dα1,β(Dα2,β+λ)x(υ)=f(υ,x(υ),Dα1,βx(υ))  υJ=[0,T], 0<α1,α2<1,  0β1,Δ x(υm)=Im(x(υm)),  i=1,2,,m,I1γx(0)=x0,γ=(α1+α2)(1β)+β.

    By Lemma 3.1, we have for each υJi

    x(υ)=x0Γ(γ)υγ1m+mi=11Γ(α1+α2)υiυi1(υiς)α1+α21f(ς,x(ς),Dα1,βx(ς))dςmi=1λΓ(α1)υiυi1(υiς)α11x(ς)dς+mi=1Ii(x(υi))υJii=1,2,,m.

    Since y satisfies inequality (4.1), so by Remark 4.3., we get

    {Dα1,β(Dα2,β+λ)y(υ)=f(υ,y(υ),Dα1,βy(υ))+gi  υJ=[0,T], 0<α1,α2<1,  0β1,Δ x(υm)=Im(y(υm))+gi,  i=1,2,,m,I1γy(0)=y0,γ=(α1+α2)(1β)+β. (4.8)

    Obviously the solution of (4.8), will be

    y(υ)={y0Γ(γ)υγ1+1Γ(α1+α2)υ0(υς)α1+α21f(ς,y(ς),Dα1,βy(ς))dςλΓ(α1)υ0(υς)α11y(ς)dς+1Γ(α1+α2)υ0(υς)α1+α21gi(ς)dςλΓ(α1)υ0(υς)α11gi(ς)dςυJ0,x0Γ(γ)υγ1m+mi=1υiυi1(υiς)α1+α21Γ(α1+α2)f(ς,y(ς),Dα1,βy(ς))dςmi=1λΓ(α1)υiυi1(υiς)α11y(ς)dς+mi=11Γ(α1+α2)υiυi1(υiς)α1+α21gi(ς)dςmi=1λΓ(α1)υiυi1(υiς)α11gi(ς)dς+mi=1Ii(x(υi))+mi=1gi,υJi,i=1,2,,m.

    Therefore, for each υJi, we have the following

    |x(υ)y(υ)|mi=1υiυi1(υiς)α1+α21Γ(α1+α2)|f(ς,x(ς),Dα1,βx(ς))f(ς,y(ς),Dα1,βy(ς))|dςmi=1λΓ(α1)υiυi1(υiς)α11|x(ς)y(ς)|dς+mi=11Γ(α1+α2)υiυi1(υiς)α1+α21gi(ς)dςmi=1λΓ(α1)υiυi1(υiς)α11gi(ς)dς+mi=1|Ii(x(υi))Ii(y(υi))|+mi=1gimi=1Łfυiυi1(υiς)α1+α21Γ(α1+α2)|x(ς)y(ς)|dςmi=1λΓ(α1)υiυi1(υiς)α11|x(ς)y(ς)|dς+mi=1ŁgΓ(α1+α2)υiυi1(υiς)α1+α21Dα1,β|x(ς)y(ς)|dς+Łkmi=1|x(υ)y(υ)|+mi=1εΓ(α1+α2)υiυi1(υiς)α1+α21dςmi=1ελΓ(α1)υiυi1(υiς)α11dς+mi=1ε(mŁf(T)α1+α2Γ(α1+α2+1)+mλŁgΓ(α1+α2+1)(T)α1+α2mλΓ(α1+1)(T)α1+mŁk)|x(υ)y(υ)|+mεΓ(α1+α2+1)(T)α1+α2mελΓ(α1+1)(T)α1+mε,

    which implies that

    |x(υ)y(υ)|ε(mΓ(α1+α2+1)(T)α1+α2mλΓ(α1+1)(T)α1+m1(mŁfΓ(α1+α2+1)(T)α1+α2+mλŁgΓ(α1+α2+1)(T)α1+α2mλΓ(α1+1)(T)α1+mŁk)).

    Thus

    |x(υ)y(υ)|εCf,g,α1,α2,

    where

    Cf,g,α1,α2=mΓ(α1+α2+1)(T)α1+α2mλΓ(α1+1)(T)α1+m1(mŁfΓ(α1+α2+1)(T)α1+α2+mλŁgΓ(α1+α2+1)(T)α1+α2mλΓ(α1+1)(T)α1+mŁk).

    So Eq (1.1) is Ulam-Hyers stable and if we set ϕ(ε)=εCf,g,α1,α2, ϕ(0)=0, then Eq (1.1) is generalized Ulam-Hyers stable.

    Theorem 4.2. If the assumptions (H1)(H4) and the inequality (3.3) are satisfied, then the problem (1.1) is Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stable with respect to (φ,ψ), consequently generalized Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stable.

    Proof. Let yC1γ[0,T] be a solution of the inequality (4.3) and let x be the only one solution of the following problem

    {Dα1,β(Dα2,β+λ)x(υ)=f(υ,x(υ),Dα1,βx(υ))  υJ=[0,T], 0<α1,α2<1,  0β1,Δ x(υm)=Im(x(υm)),  i=1,2,,m,I1γx(0)=x0,γ=(α1+α2)(1β)+β.

    From Theorem 4.1,  υJi, we get

    |x(υ)y(υ)|mi=1υiυi1(υiς)α1+α21Γ(α1+α2)|f(ς,x(ς),Dα1,βx(ς))f(ς,y(ς),Dα1,βy(ς))|dςmi=1λΓ(α1)υiυi1(υiς)α11|x(ς)y(ς)|dς+mi=11Γ(α1+α2)υiυi1(υiς)α1+α21gi(ς)dςmi=1λΓ(α1)υiυi1(υiς)α11gi(ς)dς+mi=1|Ii(x(υi))Ii(y(υi))|+mi=1gimi=1ŁfΓ(α1+α2)υiυi1(υiς)α1+α21|x(ς)y(ς)|dς+mi=1ŁgΓ(α1+α2)υiυi1(υiς)α1+α21Dα1,β|x(ς)y(ς)|dςmi=1λΓ(α1)υiυi1(υiς)α11|x(ς)y(ς)|dς+mi=1εΓ(α1+α2)υiυi1(υiς)α1+α21φ(ς)dςmi=1ελΓ(α1)υiυi1(υiς)α11φ(ς)dς+Łkmi=1|x(υ)y(υ)|+mi=1ψ(mŁf(υiυi1)α1+α2Γ(α1+α2+1)+mλŁg(υiυi1)α1+α2Γ(α1+α2+1)mλ(υiυi1)α1Γ(α1+1)+mŁk)|x(υ)y(υ)|+mελφφ(υ)Γ(α1+α2+1)(υiυi1)α1+α2mελφφ(υ)λΓ(α1+1)(υiυi1)α1+mεψ,

    which implies that

    |x(υ)y(υ)|ε(mλφφ(υ)Γ(α1+α2+1)(υiυi1)α1+α2mλφφ(υ)λΓ(α1+1)(υiυi1)α1+mψ1(mŁfΓ(α1+α2+1)(υiυi1)α1+α2+mλŁg(υiυi1)α1+α2Γ(α1+α2+1)mλΓ(α1+1)(υiυi1)α1+mŁk))(mλφΓ(α1+α2+1)(T)α1+α2mλφλΓ(α1+1)(T)α1+m1(mŁfΓ(α1+α2+1)(T)α1+α2+mλŁgΓ(α1+α2+1)(T)α1+α2mλΓ(α1+1)(T)α1+mŁk))ε(φ(υ)+ψ).

    Thus

    |x(υ)y(υ)|Cf,g,α1,α2,φ,ψε(φ(υ)+ψ),

    where

    Cf,g,α1,α2,φ,ψ=(mλφΓ(α1+α2+1)(T)α1+α2mλφλΓ(α1+1)(T)α1+m1(mŁfΓ(α1+α2+1)(T)α1+α2+mλŁgΓ(α1+α2+1)(T)α1+α2mλΓ(α1+1)(T)α1+mŁk)).

    Hence (1.1) is Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stable and is obviously generalized Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stable. Finally we give an example to illustrate our main result.

    Example 4.1.

    {D(12,12)(D(13,12)+12)x(υ)=|x(υ)+D(12,12)x(υ)|8+eυ+υ2,  υ12J=[0,1]Iix(12)=x|(12)|70+|x(12)|,I1γx(0)=0,γ=(α1+α2)(1β)+β, (4.9)

    Let J0=[0,12], J1=[12,1] α1=12, α2=13, λ=λφ=12, Łf=Łk=190e2 and m=T=1.

    Obviously

    (mŁfΓ(α1+α2+1)Tα1+α2+mλŁgΓ(α1+α2+1)Tα1+α2+mλΓ(α1+1)Tα11+mŁk)<1.

    Thus, thanks to Theorem 3.1, the given problem (4.9) has a unique solution. Further the conditions of Theorem 4.1 are satisfied so the solution of the given problem (4.9) is Ulam-Hyers stable and generalized Ulam-Hyers stable. Further it is also easy to check the conditions of Theorem 4.2 hold and thus the problem (4.9) is Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stable and consequently generalized Ulam-Hyers-Rassias stable.

    In this article, we consider a class of implicit impulsive Langevin equation with Hilfer fractional derivative. Some conditions are made to beat the hurdles to investigate the existence, uniqueness and to discuss different types of Ulam-Hyers stability of our considered model, using Banach's fixed point theorem. We give an example which supports our main result.

    The authors wish to thank the anonymous referees for their kind comments, correcting errors, improving written language and constructive suggestions. This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (Grant No. 20192BAB201011) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11861053).

    The authors declare no conflict of interest in this paper.



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