Theoretical investigation on models of circadian rhythms based on dimerization and proteolysis of PER and TIM

Jifa Jiang; Qiang Liu; Lei Niu; Jifa Jiang; Qiang Liu; Lei Niu

doi:10.3934/mbe.2017064

Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering

2017, Volume 14, Issue 5&6: 1247-1259. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2017064

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Theoretical investigation on models of circadian rhythms based on dimerization and proteolysis of PER and TIM

1.
Mathematics and Science College, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
2.
Department of Mathematics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China

Received: 19 May 2016 Revised: 15 January 2017 Published: 01 October 2017
MSC : Primary: 34Cxx; Secondary: 92Bxx

Circadian rhythms of physiology and behavior are widespread\break mechanisms in many organisms. The internal biological rhythms are driven by molecular clocks, which oscillate with a period nearly but not exactly $24$ hours. Many classic models of circadian rhythms are based on a time-delayed negative feedback, suggested by the protein products inhibiting transcription of their own genes. In 1999, based on stabilization of PER upon dimerization, Tyson et al. [J. J. Tyson, C. I. Hong, C. D. Thron, B. Novak, Biophys. J. 77 (1999) 2411-2417] proposed a crucial positive feedback to the circadian oscillator. This idea was mathematically expressed in a three-dimensional model. By imposing assumptions that the dimerization reactions were fast and dimeric proteins were in rapid equilibrium, they reduced the model to a pair of nonlinear ordinary differential equations of mRNA and total protein concentrations. Then they used phase plane analysis tools to investigate circadian rhythms. In this paper, the original three-dimensional model is studied. We explore the existence of oscillations and their periods. Much attention is paid to investigate how the periods depend on model parameters. The numerical simulations are in good agreement with their reduced work.
- Circadian rhythm,
- positive feedback,
- steady state,
- limit cycle,
- period
Citation: Jifa Jiang, Qiang Liu, Lei Niu. Theoretical investigation on models of circadian rhythms based on dimerization and proteolysis of PER and TIM[J]. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering, 2017, 14(5&6): 1247-1259. doi: 10.3934/mbe.2017064

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Abstract

Circadian rhythms of physiology and behavior are widespread\break mechanisms in many organisms. The internal biological rhythms are driven by molecular clocks, which oscillate with a period nearly but not exactly $24$ hours. Many classic models of circadian rhythms are based on a time-delayed negative feedback, suggested by the protein products inhibiting transcription of their own genes. In 1999, based on stabilization of PER upon dimerization, Tyson et al. [J. J. Tyson, C. I. Hong, C. D. Thron, B. Novak, Biophys. J. 77 (1999) 2411-2417] proposed a crucial positive feedback to the circadian oscillator. This idea was mathematically expressed in a three-dimensional model. By imposing assumptions that the dimerization reactions were fast and dimeric proteins were in rapid equilibrium, they reduced the model to a pair of nonlinear ordinary differential equations of mRNA and total protein concentrations. Then they used phase plane analysis tools to investigate circadian rhythms. In this paper, the original three-dimensional model is studied. We explore the existence of oscillations and their periods. Much attention is paid to investigate how the periods depend on model parameters. The numerical simulations are in good agreement with their reduced work.

References

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