Employing Na2CO3 and NaCl as sources of sodium in NaFePO4 cathode: A comparative study on structure and electrochemical properties

Fahmi Astuti; Rima Feisy Azmi; Mohammad Arrafi Azhar; Fani Rahayu Hidayah Rayanisaputri; Muhammad Redo Ramadhan; Malik Anjelh Baqiya; Darminto; Fahmi Astuti; Rima Feisy Azmi; Mohammad Arrafi Azhar; Fani Rahayu Hidayah Rayanisaputri; Muhammad Redo Ramadhan; Malik Anjelh Baqiya; Darminto

doi:10.3934/matersci.2024006

AIMS Materials Science

2024, Volume 11, Issue 1: 102-113. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2024006

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Research article

Employing Na₂CO₃ and NaCl as sources of sodium in NaFePO₄ cathode: A comparative study on structure and electrochemical properties

1.
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Data Analytics, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Surabaya 60111, Indonesia
2.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, UPN Veteran Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia

Received: 05 November 2023 Revised: 23 December 2023 Accepted: 09 January 2024 Published: 17 January 2024

Encouraged by the tremendous success of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄), analogous NaFePO₄ has been predicted to show identical properties as LiFePO₄. Synthesis of NaFePO₄ materials in the maricite phase has been carried out using the sol-gel method with variations of calcination temperature and starting materials as sources of sodium Na₂CO₃ and NaCl. The resulted NaFePO₄ maricite phase with the purity between 40% and 85%, according to X-ray diffractometry (XRD) characterization was obtained. The morphology and grain size of the particles in samples, as observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), tend to enlarge upon calcination at higher temperatures. The increment of calcination temperature increases the NaFePO₄ maricite phase content in the sample. The impedance data analysis shows that the diffusion coefficient of Na⁺ ions and the electrical conductivity of a sample using Na₂CO₃ is higher than that of NaCl. This comprehensive study provides a feasible method and opens new opportunities for the continuous study of Na-ion batteries.
- sodium,
- battery,
- calcination,
- morphology,
- diffusion coefficient
Citation: Fahmi Astuti, Rima Feisy Azmi, Mohammad Arrafi Azhar, Fani Rahayu Hidayah Rayanisaputri, Muhammad Redo Ramadhan, Malik Anjelh Baqiya, Darminto. Employing Na2CO3 and NaCl as sources of sodium in NaFePO4 cathode: A comparative study on structure and electrochemical properties[J]. AIMS Materials Science, 2024, 11(1): 102-113. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2024006

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Abstract

Encouraged by the tremendous success of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄), analogous NaFePO₄ has been predicted to show identical properties as LiFePO₄. Synthesis of NaFePO₄ materials in the maricite phase has been carried out using the sol-gel method with variations of calcination temperature and starting materials as sources of sodium Na₂CO₃ and NaCl. The resulted NaFePO₄ maricite phase with the purity between 40% and 85%, according to X-ray diffractometry (XRD) characterization was obtained. The morphology and grain size of the particles in samples, as observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), tend to enlarge upon calcination at higher temperatures. The increment of calcination temperature increases the NaFePO₄ maricite phase content in the sample. The impedance data analysis shows that the diffusion coefficient of Na⁺ ions and the electrical conductivity of a sample using Na₂CO₃ is higher than that of NaCl. This comprehensive study provides a feasible method and opens new opportunities for the continuous study of Na-ion batteries.

References

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