Removal of cobalt and copper from aqueous solutions with sulfonated fruit waste

Salla Kälkäjä; Lenka Breugelmans; Johanna Kärkkäinen; Katja Lappalainen; Salla Kälkäjä; Lenka Breugelmans; Johanna Kärkkäinen; Katja Lappalainen

doi:10.3934/matersci.2023046

AIMS Materials Science

2023, Volume 10, Issue 5: 862-875. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2023046

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Research article

Removal of cobalt and copper from aqueous solutions with sulfonated fruit waste

Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FIN-90014, Oulu, Finland

Received: 12 May 2023 Revised: 25 August 2023 Accepted: 07 September 2023 Published: 20 September 2023

In this study, orange peel waste was successfully sulfonated with SO₃-pyridine complex in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid in various reaction conditions. ¹H NMR was used to verify the occurrence of the reaction and to select the most promising material for the adsorption experiments. The degree of substitution of the sulfonated orange peel waste used for cobalt and copper removal was found to be 0.82. It was prepared with the reaction temperature and time of 70 ℃ and 60 min respectively and with the SO₃-pyridine complex to-peel waste ratio of 5:1. The selected material combined with ultrafiltration removed 98% of copper and 91% of cobalt from single metal solutions and 93% of copper and 83% of cobalt from binary metal solution at pH 5 with adsorbent dosage of 12.5 mg/100 mL and initial metal concentration of 8 mg/L. Preliminary experiments were also performed with apple pomace which was sulfonated in the conditions found best for the orange peel waste. The prepared sulfonated apple pomace proved to be almost as effective in cobalt and copper removal as sulfonated orange peel waste, removing 82% of copper and 77% of cobalt from binary metal solution with 12.5 mg/100 mL dosage at pH 5 and an initial metal concentration of 8 mg/L.
- fruit waste,
- sulfonation,
- copper,
- cobalt,
- ultrafiltration,
- metal binding,
- biomass,
- SO₃-pyridine complex
Citation: Salla Kälkäjä, Lenka Breugelmans, Johanna Kärkkäinen, Katja Lappalainen. Removal of cobalt and copper from aqueous solutions with sulfonated fruit waste[J]. AIMS Materials Science, 2023, 10(5): 862-875. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2023046

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Abstract

In this study, orange peel waste was successfully sulfonated with SO₃-pyridine complex in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid in various reaction conditions. ¹H NMR was used to verify the occurrence of the reaction and to select the most promising material for the adsorption experiments. The degree of substitution of the sulfonated orange peel waste used for cobalt and copper removal was found to be 0.82. It was prepared with the reaction temperature and time of 70 ℃ and 60 min respectively and with the SO₃-pyridine complex to-peel waste ratio of 5:1. The selected material combined with ultrafiltration removed 98% of copper and 91% of cobalt from single metal solutions and 93% of copper and 83% of cobalt from binary metal solution at pH 5 with adsorbent dosage of 12.5 mg/100 mL and initial metal concentration of 8 mg/L. Preliminary experiments were also performed with apple pomace which was sulfonated in the conditions found best for the orange peel waste. The prepared sulfonated apple pomace proved to be almost as effective in cobalt and copper removal as sulfonated orange peel waste, removing 82% of copper and 77% of cobalt from binary metal solution with 12.5 mg/100 mL dosage at pH 5 and an initial metal concentration of 8 mg/L.

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