The effect of recrystallization annealing on the tungsten surface carbidization in a beam plasma discharge

Mazhyn Skakov; Victor Baklanov; Gainiya Zhanbolatova; Arman Miniyazov; Igor Sokolov; Yernat Kozhakhmetov; Timur Tulenbergenov; Nuriya Mukhamedova; Olga Bukina; Alexander Gradoboev; Mazhyn Skakov; Victor Baklanov; Gainiya Zhanbolatova; Arman Miniyazov; Igor Sokolov; Yernat Kozhakhmetov; Timur Tulenbergenov; Nuriya Mukhamedova; Olga Bukina; Alexander Gradoboev

doi:10.3934/matersci.2023030

AIMS Materials Science

2023, Volume 10, Issue 3: 541-555. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2023030

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Research article

The effect of recrystallization annealing on the tungsten surface carbidization in a beam plasma discharge

1.
National Nuclear Center of the Republic of Kazakhstan, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
2.
"Institute of Atomic Energy" Branch RSE NNC RK, Kurchatov, Kazakhstan
3.
S. Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Ust-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan
4.
ShakarimUniversity, Semey, Kazakhstan
5.
National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia

Received: 21 April 2023 Revised: 31 May 2023 Accepted: 12 June 2023 Published: 30 June 2023

Tungsten was chosen as the plasma facing material (PFM) of the ITER divertor. However, graphite and carbon-graphite materials are used as PFM in some research thermonuclear facilities, including the Kazakhstan materials science tokamak. This circumstance determines the interest in continuing the study of the formation of mixed layers under plasma irradiation. This article is devoted to the study of the effect of preliminary recrystallization annealing on the carbidization of the tungsten surface in a beam-plasma discharge (BPD), which is one of the ways to simulate the peripheral plasma of a tokamak. Experiments on preliminary isochoric and isothermal annealing of tungsten samples were carried out in the mode of direct heating of tungsten samples by an electron beam. The carbidization of tungsten samples after annealing was carried out in a methane atmosphere in the BPD at a temperature of 1000 ℃ for a duration of 3600 s. Optical microscopy (OM) and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the structure of the tungsten surface. It has been established that differences in the structure arising during recrystallization annealing affect the transfer of carbon atoms in the near-surface area of tungsten and the formation of tungsten carbides (WC or W₂C).
- recrystallization,
- tungsten carbide,
- carbidization,
- beam-plasma discharge,
- plasma surface interaction
Citation: Mazhyn Skakov, Victor Baklanov, Gainiya Zhanbolatova, Arman Miniyazov, Igor Sokolov, Yernat Kozhakhmetov, Timur Tulenbergenov, Nuriya Mukhamedova, Olga Bukina, Alexander Gradoboev. The effect of recrystallization annealing on the tungsten surface carbidization in a beam plasma discharge[J]. AIMS Materials Science, 2023, 10(3): 541-555. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2023030

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Abstract

Tungsten was chosen as the plasma facing material (PFM) of the ITER divertor. However, graphite and carbon-graphite materials are used as PFM in some research thermonuclear facilities, including the Kazakhstan materials science tokamak. This circumstance determines the interest in continuing the study of the formation of mixed layers under plasma irradiation. This article is devoted to the study of the effect of preliminary recrystallization annealing on the carbidization of the tungsten surface in a beam-plasma discharge (BPD), which is one of the ways to simulate the peripheral plasma of a tokamak. Experiments on preliminary isochoric and isothermal annealing of tungsten samples were carried out in the mode of direct heating of tungsten samples by an electron beam. The carbidization of tungsten samples after annealing was carried out in a methane atmosphere in the BPD at a temperature of 1000 ℃ for a duration of 3600 s. Optical microscopy (OM) and X-ray diffraction were used to analyze the structure of the tungsten surface. It has been established that differences in the structure arising during recrystallization annealing affect the transfer of carbon atoms in the near-surface area of tungsten and the formation of tungsten carbides (WC or W₂C).

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