Neuroinflammation mechanism underlying neuropathic pain: the role of mesenchymal stem cell in neuroglia

Ida Ayu Sri Wijayanti; I Made Oka Adnyana; I Putu Eka Widyadharma; I Gede Eka Wiratnaya; Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa; I Nyoman Mantik Astawa; Ida Ayu Sri Wijayanti; I Made Oka Adnyana; I Putu Eka Widyadharma; I Gede Eka Wiratnaya; Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa; I Nyoman Mantik Astawa

doi:10.3934/Neuroscience.2024015

AIMS Neuroscience

2024, Volume 11, Issue 3: 226-243. doi: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2024015

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Neuroinflammation mechanism underlying neuropathic pain: the role of mesenchymal stem cell in neuroglia

1.
Doctoral Program in Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia 80232
2.
Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia 80232
3.
Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia 80232
4.
Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia 80232
5.
Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Udayana, Bali, Indonesia 80232

Received: 01 February 2024 Revised: 25 June 2024 Accepted: 09 July 2024 Published: 12 July 2024

Pain is an essential aspect of the body's physiological response to unpleasant noxious stimuli from either external sustained injuries or an internal disease condition that occurs within the body. Generally, pain is temporary. However, in patients with neuropathic pain, the experienced pain is persistent and uncontrollable, with an unsatisfactory treatment effectiveness. The activation of the immune system is a crucial factor in both central and peripheral neuropathic pain. The immune response plays an important role in the progression of the stages of neuropathic pain, and acts not only as pain mediators, but also produce analgesic molecules. Neuropathic pain has long been described as a result of dysfunctional nerve activities. However, there is substantial evidence indicating that the regulation of hyperalgesia is mediated by astrocytes and microglia activation. Mesenchymal stem cells currently hold an optimal potential in managing pain, as they can migrate to damaged tissues and have a robust immunosuppressive role for autologous or heterologous transplantation. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells revealed their immunomodulatory capabilities by secreting growth factors and cytokines through direct cell interactions. The main idea underlying the use of mesenchymal stem cells in pain management is that these cells can replace damaged nerve cells by releasing neurotrophic factors. This property makes them the perfect option to modulate and treat neuropathic pain, which is notoriously difficult to treat.
- neuroinflammation,
- neuropathic pain,
- mesenchymal stem cell,
- neuroglia
Citation: Ida Ayu Sri Wijayanti, I Made Oka Adnyana, I Putu Eka Widyadharma, I Gede Eka Wiratnaya, Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa, I Nyoman Mantik Astawa. Neuroinflammation mechanism underlying neuropathic pain: the role of mesenchymal stem cell in neuroglia[J]. AIMS Neuroscience, 2024, 11(3): 226-243. doi: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2024015

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Abstract

Pain is an essential aspect of the body's physiological response to unpleasant noxious stimuli from either external sustained injuries or an internal disease condition that occurs within the body. Generally, pain is temporary. However, in patients with neuropathic pain, the experienced pain is persistent and uncontrollable, with an unsatisfactory treatment effectiveness. The activation of the immune system is a crucial factor in both central and peripheral neuropathic pain. The immune response plays an important role in the progression of the stages of neuropathic pain, and acts not only as pain mediators, but also produce analgesic molecules. Neuropathic pain has long been described as a result of dysfunctional nerve activities. However, there is substantial evidence indicating that the regulation of hyperalgesia is mediated by astrocytes and microglia activation. Mesenchymal stem cells currently hold an optimal potential in managing pain, as they can migrate to damaged tissues and have a robust immunosuppressive role for autologous or heterologous transplantation. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells revealed their immunomodulatory capabilities by secreting growth factors and cytokines through direct cell interactions. The main idea underlying the use of mesenchymal stem cells in pain management is that these cells can replace damaged nerve cells by releasing neurotrophic factors. This property makes them the perfect option to modulate and treat neuropathic pain, which is notoriously difficult to treat.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Authors' contribution

All authors have been part of the overall structure and development of the concepts for review. IASW, IMOA and IPEW had the idea of the conceptual and design of this study. IASW was a major contributor in writing and drafting the manuscript. IGEW, TGBM and INMA contributed for critical revision of the article for important intellectual content. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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