<i>Prosopis africana</i> exerts neuroprotective activity against quaternary metal mixture-induced memory impairment mediated by oxido-inflammatory response via Nrf2 pathway

Orish E. Orisakwe; Evelyn Utomoibor Ikpeama; Chinna N. Orish; Anthonet N. Ezejiofor; Kenneth O. Okolo; Aleksandar Cirovic; Ana Cirovic; Ify L. Nwaogazie; Chinekwu Samson Onoyima; Orish E. Orisakwe; Evelyn Utomoibor Ikpeama; Chinna N. Orish; Anthonet N. Ezejiofor; Kenneth O. Okolo; Aleksandar Cirovic; Ana Cirovic; Ify L. Nwaogazie; Chinekwu Samson Onoyima

doi:10.3934/Neuroscience.2024008

AIMS Neuroscience

2024, Volume 11, Issue 2: 118-143. doi: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2024008

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Research article

Prosopis africana exerts neuroprotective activity against quaternary metal mixture-induced memory impairment mediated by oxido-inflammatory response via Nrf2 pathway

1.
African Centre of Excellence for Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
2.
Advanced Research Centre, European University of Lefke, Lefke, Northern Cyprus, TR-10 Mersin, Turkey
3.
World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Oilfield Chemicals Research (ACE-CEFOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
4.
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, PMB, 5323 Port Harcourt, Choba, Nigeria
5.
Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Enugu State, University of Science & Technology, Nigeria
6.
University of Belgrade, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Belgrade, Serbia
7.
Dept. of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu State, Nigeria

Received: 19 February 2024 Revised: 04 April 2024 Accepted: 12 April 2024 Published: 22 April 2024

The beneficial effects of Prosopis africana (PA) on human health have been demonstrated; however, its protective effects against heavy metals (HM) are not yet understood. This study evaluated the potential neuroprotective effects of PA in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. To accomplish this, we divided 35 albino Sprague Dawley rats into five groups. Group I did not receive either heavy metal mixture (HMM) or PA. Group II received a HMM of PbCl₂ (20 mg/kg), CdCl₂ (1.61 mg/kg), HgCl₂ (0.40 mg/kg), and NaAsO₃ (10 mg/kg) orally for a period of two months. Groups III, IV, and V received HMM along with PA at doses of 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg, respectively. PA caused decreased levels of HM accumulation in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum and improved performance in the Barnes maze and rotarod tests. PA significantly reduced levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. PA increased concentrations of SOD, CAT, GSH, and Hmox-1 and decreased the activities of AChE and Nrf2. In addition, levels of MDA and NO decreased in groups III, IV, and V, along with an increase in the number of live neurons. In conclusion, PA demonstrates a complex neuroprotective effect with the potential to alleviate various aspects of HM-induced neurotoxicity.
- Prosopis africana,
- heavy metals,
- neuroprotective effects,
- cerebral cortex,
- cerebellum
Citation: Orish E. Orisakwe, Evelyn Utomoibor Ikpeama, Chinna N. Orish, Anthonet N. Ezejiofor, Kenneth O. Okolo, Aleksandar Cirovic, Ana Cirovic, Ify L. Nwaogazie, Chinekwu Samson Onoyima. Prosopis africana exerts neuroprotective activity against quaternary metal mixture-induced memory impairment mediated by oxido-inflammatory response via Nrf2 pathway[J]. AIMS Neuroscience, 2024, 11(2): 118-143. doi: 10.3934/Neuroscience.2024008

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Abstract

The beneficial effects of Prosopis africana (PA) on human health have been demonstrated; however, its protective effects against heavy metals (HM) are not yet understood. This study evaluated the potential neuroprotective effects of PA in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum. To accomplish this, we divided 35 albino Sprague Dawley rats into five groups. Group I did not receive either heavy metal mixture (HMM) or PA. Group II received a HMM of PbCl₂ (20 mg/kg), CdCl₂ (1.61 mg/kg), HgCl₂ (0.40 mg/kg), and NaAsO₃ (10 mg/kg) orally for a period of two months. Groups III, IV, and V received HMM along with PA at doses of 500, 1000, and 1500 mg/kg, respectively. PA caused decreased levels of HM accumulation in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum and improved performance in the Barnes maze and rotarod tests. PA significantly reduced levels of IL-6 and TNF-α. PA increased concentrations of SOD, CAT, GSH, and Hmox-1 and decreased the activities of AChE and Nrf2. In addition, levels of MDA and NO decreased in groups III, IV, and V, along with an increase in the number of live neurons. In conclusion, PA demonstrates a complex neuroprotective effect with the potential to alleviate various aspects of HM-induced neurotoxicity.

Acknowledgments

None.

Ethical approval

All procedures involving animals and the experimental protocol followed guidelines for the safe use of animals in research and were approved by the University of Port Harcourt animal research committee (UPH/CEREMAD/REC/MM73/014).

Consent to Publish

All authors have given their consent for publication.

Funding

None.

Conflicts of interests

Authors confirm that there was no conflict of interest.

Availability of data and materials

All data have been provided.

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