Applying fixed point techniques for obtaining a positive definite solution to nonlinear matrix equations

Muhammad Tariq; Eskandar Ameer; Amjad Ali; Hasanen A. Hammad; Fahd Jarad; Muhammad Tariq; Eskandar Ameer; Amjad Ali; Hasanen A. Hammad; Fahd Jarad

doi:10.3934/math.2023191

AIMS Mathematics

2023, Volume 8, Issue 2: 3842-3859. doi: 10.3934/math.2023191

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Research article Special Issues

Applying fixed point techniques for obtaining a positive definite solution to nonlinear matrix equations

1.
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, International Islamic University, Islamabad, Pakistan
2.
Department of Mathematics, Taiz University, Taiz 6803, Yemen
3.
Department of Mathematics, Unaizah College of Sciences and Arts, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
4.
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
5.
Department of Mathematics, Çankaya University, Etimesgut 06790, Ankara, Turkey
6.
Department of Medical Research, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan

Received: 09 September 2022 Revised: 19 November 2022 Accepted: 23 November 2022 Published: 29 November 2022
MSC : 46S40, 47H10, 54H25

In this manuscript, the concept of rational-type multivalued $F-$ contraction mappings is investigated. In addition, some nice fixed point results are obtained using this concept in the setting of $MM-$ spaces and ordered $MM-$ spaces. Our findings extend, unify, and generalize a large body of work along the same lines. Moreover, to support and strengthen our results, non-trivial and extensive examples are presented. Ultimately, the theoretical results are involved in obtaining a positive, definite solution to nonlinear matrix equations as an application.

Keywords:

Citation: Muhammad Tariq, Eskandar Ameer, Amjad Ali, Hasanen A. Hammad, Fahd Jarad. Applying fixed point techniques for obtaining a positive definite solution to nonlinear matrix equations[J]. AIMS Mathematics, 2023, 8(2): 3842-3859. doi: 10.3934/math.2023191

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Abstract

1. Introduction

The classical Hermite-Hadamard inequality is one of the most well-established inequalities in the theory of convex functions with geometrical interpretation and it has many applications. This inequality may be regarded as a refinement of the concept of convexity. Hermite-Hadamard inequality for convex functions has received renewed attention in recent years and a remarkable refinements and generalizations have been studied ^[1,2].

The importance of the study of set-valued analysis from a theoretical point of view as well as from their applications is well known. Many advances in set-valued analysis have been motivated by control theory and dynamical games. Optimal control theory and mathematical programming were an engine driving these domains since the dawn of the sixties. Interval analysis is a particular case and it was introduced as an attempt to handle interval uncertainty that appears in many mathematical or computer models of some deterministic real-world phenomena.

Furthermore, a few significant inequalities like Hermite-Hadamard and Ostrowski type inequalities have been established for interval valued functions in recent years. In ^[3,4], Chalco-Cano et al. established Ostrowski type inequalities for interval valued functions by using Hukuhara derivatives for interval valued functions. In ^[5], Román-Flores et al. established Minkowski and Beckenbach's inequalities for interval valued functions. For other related results we refer to the readers ^[6].

In this paper, we establish Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities and He's inequality for interval-valued exponential type pre-invex functions in the Riemann-Liouville interval-valued fractional operator settings.

2. Preliminaries

We begin with recalling some basic concepts and notions in the convex analysis.

Let the space of all intervals of $\Re$ is $\Re_{c}$ and $\varLambda\in\Re_{c}$ given by

$\begin{equation*} \varLambda_{1} = [\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda},\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda}] = \{v\in\Re\big|\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda} < v < \overleftrightarrow{\varLambda}\},\; \; \; \underleftrightarrow{\varLambda},\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda}\in\Re\,. \end{equation*}$

Various binary operations are given as follows ^[7]:

Scalar multiplication: $\tau\in\Re,$

$\begin{equation*} \tau.\varLambda_{1} = \begin{cases} [\tau\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda},\tau\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda}],&if\; \; \; \; 0\leq \tau,\\ 0,&if\; \; \; \; \tau = 0,\\ [\tau\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda},\tau\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda}],&if\; \; \; \; \tau\leq0. \end{cases} \end{equation*}$

Difference, addition, product and reciprocal for $\varLambda_{1}, \varLambda_{2}\in\Re_{c}$ are respectively given by

$\begin{align*} &\varLambda_{1}-\varLambda_{2} = [\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{1}},\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{1}}]-[\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{2}},\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{2}}] = [\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{1}}-\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{2}},\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{1}}-\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{2}}], \\&\varLambda_{1}+\varLambda_{2} = [\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{1}},\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{1}}]+[\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{2}},\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{2}}] = [\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{1}}+\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{2}},\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{1}}+\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{2}}], \\&\varLambda_{1}\times \varLambda_{2} = [\min\{\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{1}}\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{2}},\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{1}}\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{2}},\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{1}}\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{2}},\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{1}}\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{2}}\}, \\& \max\{\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{1}}\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{2}},\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{1}}\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{2}},\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{1}}\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{2}},\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{1}}\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{2}}\}] = \{uv\; |\; u\in \varLambda_{1},v\in \varLambda_{2}\}, \\ & \dfrac{1}{\varLambda} = \left\{\frac{1}{v_{1}}\; |\; 0\neq v_{1}\in \varLambda\right\} = \bigg[\dfrac{1}{\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda}},\dfrac{1}{\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda}}\bigg], \\ &\varLambda_{1}.\dfrac{1}{\varLambda_{2}} = \left\{u.\frac{1}{v}\; |\; u\in \varLambda_{1},0\neq v\in \varLambda_{2}\right\} = \left[\underleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{1}}.\dfrac{1}{\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{2}}},\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{1}}.\dfrac{1}{\overleftrightarrow{\varLambda_{2}}}\right]. \end{align*}$

Let $\Re_{\varLambda}, \Re_{\varLambda}^{+}\; and\; \Re_{\varLambda}^{-}$ denote the collection of all closed intervals of $\Re$ , the collection of all positive intervals of $\Re$ and the collection of all negative intervals of $\Re$ respectively. In this paper, we examine a few algebraic properties of interval arithmetic.

Definition 2.1. ^[7] A mapping $\varOmega$ is called an interval-valued function of $\upsilon$ on $[a_{1}, b_{1}]$ if it assigns a nonempty interval to every $v\in[a_{1}, b_{1}]$ , that is

$\begin{equation} \varOmega(v) = [\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v),\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v)], \end{equation}$

(2.1)

where $\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(\upsilon)\; and\; \underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(\upsilon)$ are both real valued functions.

Consider any finite ordered subset $\complement$ be the partition of $[a_{1}, b_{1}]$ , that is

$\begin{equation*} \complement:a_{1} = a_{1},...,a_{n} = b_{1}. \end{equation*}$

The mesh of $\complement$ is

$\begin{equation*} mesh(\complement) = max\{a_{i+1}-a_{i};\; i = 1,...,n\}. \end{equation*}$

The Riemann sum of $\varOmega:[a_{1}, b_{1}]\rightarrow \Re_{\varLambda}$ can be defined by

$\begin{equation*} \widetilde{S}(\varOmega,\complement,c) = \Sigma_{i = 1}^{n}\varOmega(d_{i})(a_{i+1}-a_{i}), \end{equation*}$

where $mesh(\complement) < c$ .

Definition 2.2. ^[8] A mapping $\varOmega:[a_{1}, b_{1}]\rightarrow \Re_{\varLambda}$ is called an interval-Riemann integrable on $[a_{1}, b_{1}] \; if\; \exists\; \varLambda\in\Re_{\varLambda}$ such that for every $\delta > 0$ satisfying

$\begin{equation*} d(\widetilde{S}(\varOmega,\complement,c),\varLambda) < \delta, \end{equation*}$

we have

$\begin{equation} \varLambda_{1} = (IR)\int_{a_{1}}^{b_{1}}\varOmega(v)dv. \end{equation}$

(2.2)

Lemma 2.1. ^[9] Let $\varOmega:[a_{1}, b_{1}]\rightarrow \Re_{\varLambda}$ be an interval-valued function as in (2.1), then it is interval-Riemann integrable if and only if

$\begin{equation*} (IR)\int_{a_{1}}^{b_{1}}\varOmega(v)dv = \bigg[(R)\int_{a_{1}}^{b_{1}}\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v)dv,(R)\int_{a_{1}}^{b_{1}}\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v)dv\bigg]. \end{equation*}$

In simple words, $\varOmega$ is interval-Riemann integrable if and only if $\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v)\; and\; \underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v)$ are both Riemann integrable functions.

Definition 2.3. ^[10] Let $\varOmega\in L_{1}[a_{1}, b_{1}]$ , then the Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals of order $m > 0$ with $0\leq a_{1}$ are defined by

$\begin{equation} I_{a_{1}^{+}}^{m}\varOmega(v) = \dfrac{1}{\Gamma(m)}\int_{a_{1}}^{v}(v-r)^{m-1}\varOmega(r)dr\; \; \; , v > a_{1}, \end{equation}$

(2.3)

$\begin{equation} I_{b_{1}^{-}}^{m}\varOmega(v) = \dfrac{1}{\Gamma(m)}\int_{v}^{b_{1}}(r-v)^{m-1}\varOmega(r)dr\; \; \; , v < b_{1}. \end{equation}$

(2.4)

Definition 2.4. ^[11,12] Let $\varOmega:[a_{1}, b_{1}]\rightarrow \Re_{\varLambda}$ be an interval-valued, interval-Riemann integrable function as in (2.1), then the interval Riemann-Liouville fractional integrals of order $m > 0$ with $0\leq a_{1}$ are defined by

$\begin{equation} I_{a_{1}^{+}}^{m}\varOmega(v) = \dfrac{1}{\Gamma(m)}(IR)\int_{a_{1}}^{v}(v-r)^{m-1}\varOmega(r)dr\; \; \; , v > a_{1}, \end{equation}$

(2.5)

$\begin{equation} I_{b_{1}^{-}}^{m}\varOmega(v) = \dfrac{1}{\Gamma(m)}(IR)\int_{v}^{b_{1}}(r-v)^{m-1}\varOmega(r)dr\; \; \; , v < b_{1}. \end{equation}$

(2.6)

Corollary 2.1. ^[12] Let $\varOmega:[a_{1}, b_{1}]\rightarrow \Re_{\varLambda}$ be an interval-valued function as in (2.1) such that $\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v)\; and\; \underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v)$ are Riemann integrable functions, then

$\begin{equation*} I_{a_{1}^{+}}^{m}\varOmega(v) = \bigg[I_{a_{1}^{+}}^{m}\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v),I_{a_{1}^{+}}^{m}\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v)\bigg], \end{equation*}$

$\begin{equation*} I_{b_{1}^{-}}^{m}\varOmega(v) = \bigg[I_{b_{1}^{-}}^{m}\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v),I_{b_{1}^{-}}^{m}\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v)\bigg]. \end{equation*}$

Definition 2.5. ^[13] A set $\varLambda\subset\Re^{n}$ with respect to a vector function $\eta:\Re^{n}\times\Re^{n}\rightarrow \Re^{n}$ is called an invex set if

$\begin{equation*} b_{1}+\tau\eta(a_{1},b_{1})\in \varLambda,\; \; \; \; \forall a_{1},b_{1}\in \varLambda,\; \tau_{1}\in[0,1]. \end{equation*}$

Definition 2.6. ^[13] A function $\varOmega$ on the invex set $\varLambda$ with respect to a vector function $\eta:\varLambda\times \varLambda\rightarrow \Re^{n}$ is called pre-invex function if

$\begin{equation} \varOmega(b_{1}+\tau\eta(a_{1},b_{1}))\leq(1-\tau)\varOmega(b_{1})+\tau\varOmega(a_{1}),\forall a_{1},b_{1}\in \varLambda,\; \tau_{1}\in[0,1]. \end{equation}$

(2.7)

Lemma 2.2. ^[14,15] If $\varLambda$ is open and $\eta:\varLambda\times \varLambda\rightarrow \Re$ , then $\forall a_{1}, b_{1}\in \varLambda, \; \tau, \tau_{1}, \tau_{2}\in[0, 1]$ , we have

$\begin{equation} \eta(b_{1},b_{1}+\tau\eta(a_{1},b_{1})) = -\tau\eta(a_{1},b_{1}), \end{equation}$

(2.8)

$\begin{equation} \eta(a_{1},b_{1}+\tau\eta(a_{1},b_{1})) = (1-\tau)\eta(a_{1},b_{1}), \end{equation}$

(2.9)

$\begin{equation} \eta(b_{1}+\tau_{2}\eta(a_{1},b_{1}),b_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(a_{1},b_{1})) = (\tau_{2}-\tau_{1})\eta(a_{1},b_{1}). \end{equation}$

(2.10)

In ^[16], Noor presented Hermite-Hadamard-inequality for pre-invex function, as follows:

$\begin{equation*} \varOmega\bigg(\dfrac{2a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})}{2}\bigg)\leq\dfrac{1}{\eta(b_{1},a_{1})}\int_{a_{1}}^{a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})}\varOmega(v)dv\leq\dfrac{\varOmega(a_{1})+\varOmega(b_{1})}{2}. \end{equation*}$

Definition 2.7. ^[15] Let us consider an interval-valued function $\varOmega$ on the set $\varLambda$ , then $\varOmega$ is pre-invex interval valued function with respect to $\eta$ on an invex set $\varLambda\subset\Re^{n}$ with respect to a vector function $\eta:\varLambda\times \varLambda\rightarrow \Re^{n}$ if

$\begin{equation} \varOmega(b_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(a_{1},b_{1}))\supseteq (1-\tau_{1})\varOmega(b_{1})+\tau_{1}\varOmega(a_{1}),\; \; \; \; \forall a_{1},b_{1}\in \varLambda,\; \tau_{1}\in[0,1]. \end{equation}$

(2.11)

Taking motivation from the exponential type convexity proposed in ^[17], we introduce the following notion:

Definition 2.8. A function $\varOmega$ on the invex set $\varLambda$ is called exponential-type pre-invex function with respect to a vector function $\eta:\varLambda\times \varLambda\rightarrow \Re^{n}$ if

$\begin{equation} \varOmega(b_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(a_{1},b_{1}))\leq(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)\varOmega(b_{1})+(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)\varOmega(a_{1}),\; \; \; \; \forall a_{1},b_{1}\in \varLambda,\; \tau_{1}\in[0,1]. \end{equation}$

(2.12)

It is important to note that a pre-invex function need not to be convex function. For example, the function $f(x) = -|x|$ is not a convex function but it is a pre-invex function with respect to $\eta$ , where

$\eta(v,u) = \begin{cases}u-v,\;\;\;\;\;\text{if}\;\;u\leq0\,,v\leq0\,,v\geq0\,,u\geq0,\\ v-u,\;\;\;\;\;\;\text{otherwise}.\end{cases}$

Theorem 2.1. Let $\varOmega:[a_{1}, b_{1}]\rightarrow \Re$ be an exponential-type pre-invex function with respect to a vector function $\eta:\varLambda\times \varLambda\rightarrow \Re^{n}$ . If $a_{1} < b_{1}$ and $\varOmega\in L[a_{1}, b_{1}]$ , then we have

$\dfrac{1}{2\bigl( e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1 \bigr)}\varOmega\bigg(a_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(b_{1},a_{1})\bigg) \leq\frac{1}{\eta(b_{1},a_{1})} \int_{a_{1}}^{a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})}\varOmega(v)dv \leq( e-2 )\bigl[ \varOmega ( a_{1} ) +\varOmega ( b_{1} ) \bigr].$

Proof. At first, from exponential-type-pre-invexity of $\varOmega$ , we have

$\begin{align*} \varOmega\bigg(a_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(b_{1},a_{1})\bigg) = &\varOmega \biggl( \frac{1}{2} \bigl[ b_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(a_{1},b_{1}) \bigr] +\frac{1}{2} \bigl[ a_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(b_{1},a_{1}) \bigr] \biggr) \\ \leq& \bigl( e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1 \bigr) \bigg[\varOmega \bigl( b_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(a_{1},b_{1}) \bigr) + \varOmega \bigl( a_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(b_{1},a_{1}) \bigr) \bigg]. \end{align*}$

Integrating the above inequality with respect to $\tau_{1}\in[0, 1]$ yields

$\begin{align*} \varOmega\bigg(a_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(b_{1},a_{1})\bigg) &\leq\left( e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1 \right)\left(\int_{0}^{1} \varOmega \bigl( b_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(a_{1},b_{1}) \bigr)d\tau_{1}+\int_{0}^{1}\varOmega \left( a_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(b_{1},a_{1}) \right)d\tau_{1}\right)\\ & = \dfrac{2\bigl( e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1 \bigr)}{\eta(b_{1},a_{1})}\int_{a_{1}}^{a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})} \varOmega \left(v \right)dv. \end{align*}$

Now, taking $v = b_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(a_{1}, b_{1})$ gives

$\begin{align*} \frac{1}{\eta(b_{1},a_{1})} \int_{a_{1}}^{a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})}\varOmega(v)dv = & \int_{0}^{1}\varOmega \bigl(b_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(a_{1},b_{1}) \bigr) \,d\tau_{1} \\ \leq& \int_{0}^{1} \bigl\{ \bigl( e^{\tau_{1}}-1 \bigr) \varOmega ( a_{1} ) + \bigl( e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1 \bigr) \varOmega ( b_{1} ) \bigr\} \,d\tau_{1} \\ = & ( e-2 ) \bigl[ \varOmega ( a_{1} ) +\varOmega ( b_{1} ) \bigr] . \end{align*}$

This completes the proof.

By merging the concepts of pre-invexity and exponential type pre-invexity, we propose the following notion:

Definition 2.9. Let $\varLambda\subset\Re^{n}$ be an invex set with respect to a vector function $\eta:\varLambda\times \varLambda\rightarrow \Re^{n}$ . The interval valued function $\varOmega$ on the set $\varLambda$ is exponential-type pre-invex interval valued function with respect to $\eta$ if

$\begin{equation} \varOmega(b_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(a_{1},b_{1}))\supseteq (e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)\varOmega(b_{1})+(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)\varOmega(a_{1}),\; \; \; \; \forall a_{1},b_{1}\in \varLambda,\; \tau_{1}\in[0,1]. \end{equation}$

(2.13)

Remark 2.1. In Definition 2.9, by taking $h(\tau_{1}) = e^{\tau_{1}}-1$ , where $h:[0, 1]\subset[a_{1}, b_{1}]\rightarrow \Re$ and $h\neq0$ , then we get $h$ -pre-invex interval valued function with respect to $\eta$ , that is

$\begin{equation} \varOmega(b_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(a_{1},b_{1}))\supseteq h(1-\tau_{1})\varOmega(b_{1})+h(\tau_{1})\varOmega(a_{1}),\; \; \; \; \forall a_{1},b_{1}\in \varLambda,\; \tau_{1}\in[0,1]. \end{equation}$

(2.14)

Remark 2.2. Let $\varLambda\subset\Re^{n}$ be an invex set with respect to a vector function $\eta:\Re^{n}\times\Re^{n}\rightarrow \Re^{n}$ . The interval valued function $\varOmega$ on the set $\varLambda$ is exponential-type-pre-invex function with respect to $\eta$ if and only if $\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}, \underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}$ are exponential-type pre-invex functions with respect to $\eta$ , that is

$\begin{equation} \overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(b_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(a_{1},b_{1}))\leq(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(b_{1})+(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(a_{1}),\; \; \; \; \forall a_{1},b_{1}\in \varLambda,\; \tau_{1}\in[0,1], \end{equation}$

(2.15)

$\begin{equation} \underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(b_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(a_{1},b_{1}))\leq(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(b_{1})+(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(a_{1}),\; \; \; \; \forall a_{1},b_{1}\in \varLambda,\; \tau_{1}\in[0,1]. \end{equation}$

(2.16)

Remark 2.3. If $\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v) = \underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v)$ , then we get (2.12).

Remark 2.4. Since $\tau_{1}\leq e^{\tau_{1}}-1$ and $1-\tau_{1}\leq e^{1-\tau_{1}}-1$ for all $\; \tau_{1}\in[0, 1]$ , so every nonnegative pre-invex interval valued function with respect to $\eta$ is also exponential-type pre-invex interval valued function with respect to $\eta$ .

3. Interval fractional Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities

In this section, we establish fractional Hermite-Hadamard type inequality for interval-valued exponential type pre-invex. The family of Lebesgue measurable interval-valued functions is denoted by $L([v_{1}, v_{2}], \Re_{0})$ .

Theorem 3.1. Let $\varLambda\subset\Re$ be an open invex set with respect to $\eta:\varLambda\times \varLambda\rightarrow \Re$ and $a_{1}, b_{1}\in \varLambda$ with $a_{1} < a_{1}+\eta(b_{1}, a_{1})$ . If $\varOmega:[a_{1}, a_{1}+\eta(b_{1}, a_{1})]\rightarrow \Re$ is an exponential type pre-invex interval-valued function such that $\varOmega\in L[a_{1}, a_{1}+\eta(b_{1}, a_{1})]$ and $m > 0$ , then we have (considering Lemma 2.2 holds)

$\begin{align} \dfrac{1}{(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)}\varOmega\bigg(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\bigg)&\supseteq\dfrac{\Gamma(m+1)}{\eta^{m}(d_{1},c_{1})}[I_{(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))^{-}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}\big)+I_{c_{1}^{+}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)]\\ &\supseteq mP\big(\varOmega(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))+\varOmega(c_{1})\big), \end{align}$

(3.1)

where

$\begin{align} P = &-\dfrac{1}{{\left(m+1\right)\left(-1\right)^m}}\bigg[\left(\mathrm{e}m+\mathrm{e}\right)\left(-1\right)^m\operatorname{\Gamma}\left(m+1,1\right) +\left(-m-1\right)\operatorname{\Gamma}\left(m+1,-1\right)\\ &+\left(\left(-\mathrm{e}m-\mathrm{e}\right)\left(-1\right)^m +m+1\right)\operatorname{\Gamma}\left(m+1\right)+2\left(-1\right)^m\bigg]. \end{align}$

(3.2)

Proof. Since $\varOmega$ is an exponential type pre-invex interval-valued function, so

$\begin{equation*} \dfrac{1}{(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)}\varOmega\bigg(a_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(b_{1},a_{1})\bigg)\supseteq[\varOmega(a_{1})+\varOmega(b_{1})]. \end{equation*}$

Taking $a_{1} = c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1}, c_{1})$ and $b_{1} = c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1}, c_{1})$ gives

$\begin{align*} \dfrac{1}{(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)}&\varOmega\bigg(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1}),c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)\bigg)\\ &\supseteq[\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)+\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)], \end{align*}$

implies

$\begin{equation*} \dfrac{1}{(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)}\varOmega\bigg(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\bigg)\supseteq[\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)+\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)]. \end{equation*}$

By multiplying by $\tau_{1}^{m-1}$ on both sides and integrating over $[0, 1]$ with respect to $\tau_{1}$ , we get

$\begin{align*} (IR)&\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}\dfrac{1}{(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)}\varOmega\bigg(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\bigg)d\tau_{1}\\ &\supseteq(IR)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}[\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)+\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)]d\tau_{1}, \end{align*}$

$\begin{align*} &(IR)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}\dfrac{1}{(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)}\varOmega\bigg(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\bigg)d\tau_{1}\\ = &\bigg[(R)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}\dfrac{1}{(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)}\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}\bigg(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\bigg)d\tau_{1}, \\&(R)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}\dfrac{1}{(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)}\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}\bigg(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\bigg)d\tau_{1}\bigg], \end{align*}$

$\begin{align} &(IR)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}\dfrac{1}{(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)}\varOmega\bigg(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\bigg)d\tau_{1}\\ = &\bigg[\dfrac{1}{m(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)}\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}\bigg(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\bigg), \dfrac{1}{m(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)}\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}\bigg(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\bigg)\bigg]\\ = &\dfrac{1}{m(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)}\varOmega\bigg(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\bigg), \end{align}$

(3.3)

$\begin{align*} &(IR)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)\\ = &\bigg[\dfrac{1}{\eta^{m}(d_{1},c_{1})}(R)\int_{c}^{c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})}(i-c)^{m-1}\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}\big(i\big)di ,\dfrac{1}{\eta^{m}(d_{1},c_{1})}(R)\int_{c}^{c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})}(i-c)^{m-1}\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}\big(i\big)di\bigg], \end{align*}$

$\begin{align} (IR)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)& = \dfrac{\Gamma(m)}{\eta^{m}(d_{1},c_{1})}[I_{(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))^{-}}^{m}\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}\big(c_{1}\big),I_{(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))^{-}}^{m}\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}\big(c_{1}\big)]\\ & = \dfrac{\Gamma(m)}{\eta^{m}(d_{1},c_{1})}I_{(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))^{-}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}\big). \end{align}$

(3.4)

Similarly

$\begin{align} (IR)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big) = &\dfrac{\Gamma(m)}{\eta^{m}(d_{1},c_{1})}[I_{c_{1}^{+}}^{m}\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big),\\&I_{c_{1}^{+}}^{m}\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)]\\ = &\dfrac{\Gamma(m)}{\eta^{m}(d_{1},c_{1})}I_{c_{1}^{+}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big). \end{align}$

(3.5)

From (3.3)–(3.5), we get

$\begin{align} \dfrac{1}{m(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)}\varOmega\bigg(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\bigg) \supseteq\dfrac{\Gamma(m)}{\eta^{m}(d_{1},c_{1})}[I_{(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))^{-}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}\big)+I_{c_{1}^{+}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)]. \end{align}$

(3.6)

Now, from the interval valued exponential type pre-invexity of $\varOmega$ , we have

$\begin{align} \varOmega(c_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))& = \varOmega(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(c_{1},c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})))\\ &\supseteq(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)\varOmega(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))+(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)\varOmega(c_{1}). \end{align}$

(3.7)

Similarly

$\begin{align} \varOmega(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))& = \varOmega(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})+(\tau_{1})\eta(c_{1},c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})))\\ &\supseteq(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)\varOmega(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))+(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)\varOmega(c_{1}). \end{align}$

(3.8)

Thus, by adding (3.7) and (3.8), we get

$\begin{align*} \varOmega(c_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))+\varOmega(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})) \supseteq[e^{\tau_{1}}+e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-2]\big(\varOmega(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))+\varOmega(c_{1})\big). \end{align*}$

By multiplying by $\tau_{1}^{m-1}$ on both sides and integrating over $[0, 1]$ with respect to $\tau_{1}$ , we get

$\begin{align*} (IR)&\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}\varOmega(c_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))d\tau_{1}+(IR)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}\varOmega(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))d\tau_{1}\\ &\supseteq(IR)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}[e^{\tau_{1}}+e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-2]\big(\varOmega(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))+\varOmega(c_{1})\big)d\tau_{1}. \end{align*}$

Now, from (3.2) we get

$\begin{align} &(IR)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}[e^{\tau_{1}}+e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-2]\big(\varOmega(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))+\varOmega(c_{1})\big)d\tau_{1}\\ = &\bigg[(R)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}[e^{\tau_{1}}+e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-2]\big(\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))+\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(c_{1})\big)d\tau_{1},\\ & (R)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}[e^{\tau_{1}}+e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-2]\big(\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))+\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(c_{1})\big)d\tau_{1}\bigg]\\ = &\bigg[P\big(\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))+\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(c_{1})\big),P\big(\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))+\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(c_{1})\big)\bigg]\\ = &P\big(\varOmega(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))+\varOmega(c_{1})\big). \end{align}$

(3.9)

Also from (3.4), (3.5) and (3.9), we get

$\begin{align} \dfrac{\Gamma(m)}{\eta^{m}(d_{1},c_{1})}[I_{(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))^{-}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}\big)+I_{c_{1}^{+}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)]\supseteq P\big(\varOmega(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))+\varOmega(c_{1})\big). \end{align}$

(3.10)

Combining (3.6) and (3.10), we get

$\begin{align*} \dfrac{1}{(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)}\varOmega\bigg(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\bigg)&\supseteq\dfrac{\Gamma(m+1)}{\eta^{m}(d_{1},c_{1})}[I_{(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))^{-}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}\big)+I_{c_{1}^{+}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)]\\ &\supseteq mP\big(\varOmega(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))+\varOmega(c_{1})\big). \end{align*}$

Corollary 3.1. If $\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v) = \underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v)$ , then (3.1) leads to the following fractional inequality for exponential type pre-invex function:

$\begin{align*} \dfrac{1}{(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)}\varOmega\bigg(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\bigg)&\leq\dfrac{\Gamma(m+1)}{\eta^{m}(d_{1},c_{1})}[I_{(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))^{-}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}\big)+I_{c_{1}^{+}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)]\\ &\leq mP\big(\varOmega(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))+\varOmega(c_{1})\big). \end{align*}$

Theorem 3.2. Let $\varLambda\subset\Re$ be an open invex set with respect to $\eta:\varLambda\times \varLambda\rightarrow \Re$ and $a_{1}, b_{1}\in \varLambda$ with $a_{1} < a_{1}+\eta(b_{1}, a_{1})$ . If $\varOmega, \varOmega_{1}:[a_{1}, a_{1}+\eta(b_{1}, a_{1})]\rightarrow \Re$ are exponential type pre-invex interval-valued functions such that $\varOmega, \varOmega_{1}\in L[a_{1}, a_{1}+\eta(b_{1}, a_{1})]$ and $m > 0$ , then we have (considering Lemma 2.2 holds)

$\begin{align} \dfrac{\Gamma(m)}{\eta^{m}(d_{1},c_{1})}&\big[I_{(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))^{-}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}\big)+I_{c_{1}^{+}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)\big]\\ &\supseteq P_{1}\Upsilon_{1}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))+2P_{2}\Upsilon_{2}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})), \end{align}$

(3.11)

where

$\begin{align} P_{1} = &\dfrac{\mathrm{e}^2\operatorname{\Gamma}\left(m\right)-\mathrm{e}^2\operatorname{\Gamma}\left(m,2\right)}{2^m}+2\mathrm{e}\operatorname{\Gamma}\left(m,1\right)+\dfrac{2\operatorname{\Gamma}\left(m,-1\right)-2\operatorname{\Gamma}\left(m\right)}{\left(-1\right)^m}\\ &+\dfrac{\operatorname{\Gamma}\left(m\right)-\operatorname{\Gamma}\left(m,-2\right)}{\left(-1\right)^m{\cdot}2^m}-2\mathrm{e}\operatorname{\Gamma}\left(m\right)+\dfrac{2}{m} , \end{align}$

(3.12)

$\begin{align} P_{2}& = \mathrm{e}\operatorname{\Gamma}\left(m,1\right)+\dfrac{\operatorname{\Gamma}\left(m,-1\right)}{\left(-1\right)^m}-\dfrac{\operatorname{\Gamma}\left(m\right)}{\left(-1\right)^m}-\mathrm{e}\operatorname{\Gamma}\left(m\right)+\dfrac{\mathrm{e}}{m}+\dfrac{1}{m}, \end{align}$

(3.13)

$\begin{equation} \Upsilon_{1}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})) = \big[\varOmega(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))+\varOmega(a_{1}).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1})\big], \end{equation}$

(3.14)

and

$\begin{equation} \Upsilon_{2}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})) = \big[\varOmega(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1})+\varOmega(a_{1}).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))\big]. \end{equation}$

(3.15)

Proof. Since $\varOmega\; and\; \varOmega_{1}$ are exponential type pre-invex interval-valued functions, so we have

$\begin{align*} \varOmega(a_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))& = \varOmega(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})))\\ &\supseteq(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)\varOmega(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))+(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)\varOmega(a_{1}) \end{align*}$

and

$\begin{align*} \varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))& = \varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})))\\ &\supseteq(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))+(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}). \end{align*}$

Since $\varOmega, \varOmega_{1}\in\Re_{\varLambda}^{+}$ , so

$\begin{align} &\varOmega(a_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))\\ \supseteq&(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)^{2}\varOmega(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))+(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)^{2}\varOmega(a_{1}).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1})\\ &+(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)\big[\varOmega(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1})+\varOmega(a_{1}).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))\big]. \end{align}$

(3.16)

Similarly, we have

$\begin{align} &\varOmega(a_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))\\ \supseteq&(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)^{2}\varOmega(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))+(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)^{2}\varOmega(a_{1}).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1})\\ &+(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)\big[\varOmega(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1})+\varOmega(a_{1}).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))\big]. \end{align}$

(3.17)

Adding (3.16) and (3.17) yields

$\begin{align*} &\varOmega(a_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))+\varOmega(a_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))\\ \supseteq&\big[(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)^{2}+(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)^{2}\big]\big[\varOmega(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))+\varOmega(a_{1}).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1})\big]\\ &+2(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)\big[\varOmega(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1})+\varOmega(a_{1}).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))\big]. \end{align*}$

From (3.14) and (3.15), we have

$\begin{align*} &\varOmega(a_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))+\varOmega(a_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))\; \; \; \\ \supseteq&\big[(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)^{2}+(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)^{2}\big]\Upsilon_{1}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})) +2(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)\Upsilon_{2}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})). \end{align*}$

Multiplying by $\tau_{1}^{m-1}$ on both sides and integrating over $[0, 1]$ with respect to $\tau_{1}$ gives

$\begin{align*} &(IR)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}\varOmega(a_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))d\tau_{1}\\ &+(IR)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}\varOmega(a_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))d\tau_{1}\\ \supseteq &(IR)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}\big[(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)^{2}+(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)^{2}\big]\Upsilon_{1}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))d\tau_{1}\\ &+2(IR)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)\Upsilon_{2}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))d\tau_{1}. \end{align*}$

$\begin{align*} (IR)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}\varOmega(a_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))d\tau_{1} = \dfrac{\Gamma(m)}{\eta^{m}(d_{1},c_{1})}I_{(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))^{-}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}\big) \end{align*}$

and

$\begin{align*} (IR)&\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}\varOmega(a_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))d\tau_{1}\\ & = \dfrac{\Gamma(m)}{\eta^{m}(d_{1},c_{1})}I_{c_{1}^{+}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big). \end{align*}$

From (3.12) and (3.13), we get

$\begin{align*} (IR)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}\big[(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)^{2}+(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)^{2}\big]\Upsilon_{1}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))d\tau_{1} = P_{1}\Upsilon_{1}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})) \end{align*}$

and

$\begin{align*} (IR)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)\Upsilon_{2}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))d\tau_{1} = P_{2}\Upsilon_{2}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})). \end{align*}$

Thus,

$\begin{align*} \dfrac{\Gamma(m)}{\eta^{m}(d_{1},c_{1})}&\big[I_{(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))^{-}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}\big)+I_{c_{1}^{+}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)\big]\\ &\supseteq P_{1}\Upsilon_{1}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))+2P_{2}\Upsilon_{2}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})). \end{align*}$

Corollary 3.2. If $\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v) = \underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v)$ , then (3.11) leads to the following fractional inequality for exponential type pre-invex function:

$\begin{align*} \dfrac{\Gamma(m)}{\eta^{m}(d_{1},c_{1})}&\big[I_{(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))^{-}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}\big)+I_{c_{1}^{+}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)\big]\\ &\leq P_{1}\Upsilon_{1}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))+2P_{2}\Upsilon_{2}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})). \end{align*}$

Theorem 3.3. Let $\varLambda\subset\Re$ be an open invex set with respect to $\eta:\varLambda\times \varLambda\rightarrow \Re$ and $a_{1}, b_{1}\in \varLambda$ with $a_{1} < a_{1}+\eta(b_{1}, a_{1})$ . If $\varOmega, \varOmega_{1}:[a_{1}, a_{1}+\eta(b_{1}, a_{1})]\rightarrow \Re$ are exponential type pre-invex interval-valued functions such that $\varOmega, \varOmega_{1}\in L[a_{1}, a_{1}+\eta(b_{1}, a_{1})]$ and $m > 0$ , then from (3.12)–(3.15), we have (considering Lemma 2.2 holds)

$\begin{align} &\varOmega\big(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)\\ \supseteq&(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)^{2}\bigg[mP_{1}\Upsilon_{2}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))+mP_{2}\Upsilon_{1}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))\\ &+\dfrac{\Gamma(m+1)}{\eta^{m}(d_{1},c_{1})}[I_{c_{1}^{+}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big) +I_{(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))^{-}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}\big)]\bigg]. \end{align}$

(3.18)

Proof. Since $\varOmega$ is an exponential type pre-invex interval-valued function, so we have

$\begin{equation*} \varOmega\bigg(a_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(b_{1},a_{1})\bigg)\supseteq(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)[\varOmega(a_{1})+\varOmega(b_{1})]. \end{equation*}$

Taking $a_{1} = c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1}, c_{1})$ and $b_{1} = c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1}, c_{1})$ gives

$\begin{align*} \varOmega&\bigg(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1}),c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)\bigg)\\ &\supseteq(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)[\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)+\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)], \end{align*}$

implies

$\begin{equation} \varOmega\big(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)\supseteq(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)[\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)+\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)]. \end{equation}$

(3.19)

Similarly

$\begin{equation} \varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)\supseteq(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)[\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)+\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)]. \end{equation}$

(3.20)

Multiplying (3.19) and (3.20) gives

$\begin{align} &\varOmega\big(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)\\ \supseteq&(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)^{2}[\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)\\ &+\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)\\ &+\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)\notag\\ &+\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)]. \end{align}$

(3.21)

Since $\varOmega, \varOmega_{1}\in\Re_{\varLambda}^{+}, \;$ are exponential type pre-invex interval-valued functions for $\tau_{1}\in[0, 1]$ , so we have

$\begin{align} \varOmega&\big(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)\\ \supseteq&(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)^{2}\varOmega(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1})+(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)^{2}\varOmega(a_{1}).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))\\ &+(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)\big[\varOmega(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))+\varOmega(a_{1}).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1})\big]. \end{align}$

(3.22)

Similarly

$\begin{align} \varOmega&\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)\\ \supseteq& (e^{\tau_{1}}-1)^{2}\varOmega(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1})+(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)^{2}\varOmega(a_{1}).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))\\ &+(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)\big[\varOmega(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))+\varOmega(a_{1}).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1})\big]. \end{align}$

(3.23)

Adding (3.22) and (3.23) yields

$\begin{align*} \varOmega&\big(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big) +\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)\\ \supseteq& [(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)^{2}+(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)^{2}](\varOmega(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1})+\varOmega(a_{1}).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})))\\ &+2(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)\big[\varOmega(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1})).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))+\varOmega(a_{1}).\varOmega_{1}(a_{1})\big]. \end{align*}$

Now from (3.21), we can write

$\begin{align*} &\varOmega\big(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big) \\ \supseteq&(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)^{2}\bigg[[(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)^{2}+(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)^{2}]\Upsilon_{2}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))\\ &+2(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)\Upsilon_{1}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))\\ &+\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)\\ &+\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)\bigg]. \end{align*}$

Multiplying by $\tau_{1}^{m-1}$ on both sides and integrating over $[0, 1]$ with respect to $\tau_{1}$ yields

$\begin{align*} (IR)&\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}\varOmega\big(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)d\tau_{1}\\ \supseteq&(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)^{2}\bigg[(IR)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}[(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)^{2}+(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)^{2}]\Upsilon_{2}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))d\tau_{1}\\ &+2(IR)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}(e^{\tau_{1}}-1)(e^{(1-\tau_{1})}-1)\Upsilon_{1}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))d\tau_{1}\\ &+(IR)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+(1-\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)d\tau_{1}\\ &+(IR)\int_{0}^{1}\tau_{1}^{m-1}\varOmega\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+(\tau_{1})\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)d\tau_{1}\bigg]. \end{align*}$

Thus from (3.12)–(3.15), we get

$\begin{align*} \varOmega&\big(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big) \supseteq(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)^{2}\bigg[mP_{1}\Upsilon_{2}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))+mP_{2}\Upsilon_{1}(a_{1},a_{1}\\ &+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))+\dfrac{\Gamma(m+1)}{\eta^{m}(d_{1},c_{1})}[I_{c_{1}^{+}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big) +I_{(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))^{-}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}\big)]\bigg]. \end{align*}$

Corollary 3.3. If $\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v) = \underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v)$ , then (3.18) leads to the following fractional inequality for exponential type pre-invex function:

$\begin{align*} &\varOmega\big(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big)\\ \leq&(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)^{2}\bigg[mP_{1}\Upsilon_{2}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))+mP_{2}\Upsilon_{1}(a_{1},a_{1}+\eta(b_{1},a_{1}))\\ &+\dfrac{\Gamma(m+1)}{\eta^{m}(d_{1},c_{1})}[I_{c_{1}^{+}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1})\big) +I_{(c_{1}+\eta(d_{1},c_{1}))^{-}}^{m}\varOmega\big(c_{1}\big).\varOmega_{1}\big(c_{1}\big)]\bigg]. \end{align*}$

4. Interval fractional Hermite-Hadamard type Inequality via He's fractional derivative

In this section, we establish Hermite-hadamard type inequality in the setting of the He's fractional derivatives introduced in ^[18].

Definition 4.1. Let $\varOmega$ be an $L_{1}$ function defined on an interval $[0, n_{1}]$ . Then the $k_{1}$ -th He's fractional derivative of $\varOmega(n_{1})$ is defined by

$\begin{equation*} I_{n_{1}}^{k_{1}}\varOmega(n_{1}) = \dfrac{1}{\Gamma(i-k_{1})}\dfrac{d^{i}}{dn_{1}^{i}}\int_{0}^{n_{1}}(\tau_{1}-n)^{i-k_{1}-1}\varOmega(\tau_{1})d\tau_{1}. \end{equation*}$

The interval He's fractional derivative based on left and right end point functions can be defined by

$\begin{align*} I_{n_{1}}^{k_{1}}\varOmega(n_{1})& = \dfrac{1}{\Gamma(i-k_{1})}\dfrac{d^{i}}{dn_{1}^{i}}\int_{0}^{n_{1}}(\tau_{1}-n)^{i-k_{1}-1}\varOmega(\tau_{1})d\tau_{1}\\ & = \dfrac{1}{\Gamma(i-k_{1})}\dfrac{d^{i}}{dn_{1}^{i}}\int_{0}^{n_{1}}(\tau_{1}-n)^{i-k_{1}-1}[\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(\tau_{1}),\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(\tau_{1})]d\tau_{1}, n > n_{1}, \end{align*}$

where

$\begin{equation} I_{n_{1}}^{k_{1}}\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(n_{1}) = \dfrac{1}{\Gamma(i-k_{1})}\dfrac{d^{i}}{dn_{1}^{i}}\int_{0}^{n_{1}}(\tau_{1}-n)^{i-k_{1}-1}\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(\tau_{1})d\tau_{1}, n > n_{1} \end{equation}$

(4.1)

and

$\begin{equation} I_{n_{1}}^{k_{1}}\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(n_{1}) = \dfrac{1}{\Gamma(i-k_{1})}\dfrac{d^{i}}{dn_{1}^{i}}\int_{0}^{n_{1}}(\tau_{1}-n)^{i-k_{1}-1}\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(\tau_{1})d\tau_{1}, n > n_{1}. \end{equation}$

(4.2)

Theorem 4.1. Let $\varOmega:[n_{1}, n_{2}]\rightarrow \Re$ be an exponential type pre-invex interval-valued function defined on $[n_{1}, n_{2}]\subset \varLambda$ , where $\varLambda$ is an open invex set with respect to $\eta:\varLambda\times \varLambda\rightarrow \Re$ and $\varOmega:[n_{1}, n_{2}]\subset\Re\rightarrow \Re_{c}^{+}$ is given by $\varOmega(n) = [\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(n), \overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(n)]$ for all $n\in[n_{1}, n_{2}]$ . If $\varOmega\in L_{1}([n_{1}, n_{2}], \Re)$ , then

$\begin{align} (-1)^{i-k_{1}-1}\varOmega\bigg(\dfrac{n_{1}}{2}\bigg) \supseteq\dfrac{(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)n^{k_{1}}}{n_{2}^{i-k_{1}}}[(-1)^{i-k_{1}-1}I_{(1-n )b}^{k_{1}}\varOmega((1-n )b)+I_{n b}^{k_{1}}\varOmega(n b)]. \end{align}$

(4.3)

Proof. Let $\varOmega:[n_{1}, n_{2}]\rightarrow \Re$ be an exponential type pre-invex interval-valued function defined on $[n_{1}, n_{2}]$ , then

$\begin{equation*} \varOmega\bigg(n_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(n_{2},n_{1})\bigg)\supseteq(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)[\varOmega(n_{2}+\tau_{1}\eta(n_{1},n_{2}))+ \varOmega(n_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(n_{2},n_{1}))] \end{equation*}$

and

$\begin{equation*} \underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}\bigg(n_{1}+\dfrac{1}{2}\eta(n_{2},n_{1})\bigg)\leq(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)[\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(n_{2}+\tau_{1}\eta(n_{1},n_{2}))+\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(n_{1}+\tau_{1}\eta(n_{2},n_{1}))]. \end{equation*}$

Taking $n_{2} = 0\; ,\; 0\leq n_{1}$ and multiplying by $\dfrac{(\tau_{1}-n)^{i-k_{1}-1}}{\Gamma(i-k_{1})}$ , we get

$\begin{equation*} \dfrac{(\tau_{1}-n)^{i-k_{1}-1}}{\Gamma(i-k_{1})}\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}\bigg(\dfrac{n_{1}}{2}\bigg)\leq(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)\dfrac{(\tau_{1}-n)^{i-k_{1}-1}}{\Gamma(i-k_{1})}[\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}((1-\tau_{1})n_{1})+\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(\tau_{1}n_{1})]. \end{equation*}$

Integrating with respect to $\tau_{1}$ over $[0, n_{1}]$ gives

$\begin{align*} &\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}\bigg(\dfrac{n_{1}}{2}\bigg)\dfrac{1}{\Gamma(i-k_{1})}\int_{0}^{n_{1}}(\tau_{1}-n)^{i-k_{1}-1}d\tau_{1}\\ \leq&\dfrac{(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)}{\Gamma(i-k_{1})}\int_{0}^{n_{1}}(\tau_{1}-n)^{i-k_{1}-1}\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}((1-\tau_{1})n_{1})d\tau_{1} +\dfrac{(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)}{\Gamma(i-k_{1})}\int_{0}^{n_{1}}(\tau_{1}-n)^{i-k_{1}-1}\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(\tau_{1}n_{1})d\tau_{1}, \end{align*}$

implies

$\begin{align*} &\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}\bigg(\dfrac{n_{1}}{2}\bigg)\dfrac{(-1)^{i-k_{1}-1}n^{^{i-k_{1}}}}{\Gamma(i-k_{1})}\\ \leq&\dfrac{(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)}{\Gamma(i-k_{1})}\int_{0}^{n_{1}}(\tau_{1}-n)^{i-k_{1}-1}\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}((1-\tau_{1})n_{1})d\tau_{1} +\dfrac{(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)}{\Gamma(i-k_{1})}\int_{0}^{n_{1}}(\tau_{1}-n)^{i-k_{1}-1}\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(\tau_{1}n_{1})d\tau_{1}. \end{align*}$

Getting $i$ -th derivative on both sides and using (4.1), we get

$\begin{align*} (-1)^{i-k_{1}-1}\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}\bigg(\dfrac{n_{1}}{2}\bigg) \leq\dfrac{(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)n^{k_{1}}}{n_{1}^{i-k_{1}}}[(-1)^{i-k_{1}-1}I_{(1-n )b}^{k_{1}}\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}((1-n )b)+I_{n b}^{k_{1}}\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(n b)]. \end{align*}$

Similarly

$\begin{align*} (-1)^{i-k_{1}-1}\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}\bigg(\dfrac{n_{1}}{2}\bigg) \leq\dfrac{(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)n^{k_{1}}}{n_{1}^{i-k_{1}}}[(-1)^{i-k_{1}-1}I_{(1-n )b}^{k_{1}}\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}((1-n )b)+I_{n b}^{k_{1}}\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(n b)]. \end{align*}$

Thus, we can write

$\begin{align*} &(-1)^{i-k_{1}-1}\bigg[\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}\bigg(\dfrac{n_{1}}{2}\bigg),\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}\bigg(\dfrac{n_{1}}{2}\bigg)\bigg]\\ \supseteq&\dfrac{(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)n^{k_{1}}}{n_{1}^{i-k_{1}}}\bigg[(-1)^{i-k_{1}-1}I_{(1-n )b}^{k_{1}}[\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}((1-n )b),\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}((1-n )b)] +I_{n b}^{k_{1}}[\underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(n b),\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(n b)]\bigg]. \end{align*}$

So,

$\begin{align*} (-1)^{i-k_{1}-1}\varOmega\bigg(\dfrac{n_{1}}{2}\bigg) \supseteq\dfrac{(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)n^{k_{1}}}{n_{1}^{i-k_{1}}}[(-1)^{i-k_{1}-1}I_{(1-n )b}^{k_{1}}\varOmega((1-n )b)+I_{n b}^{k_{1}}\varOmega(n b)]. \end{align*}$

Corollary 4.1. If $\overleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v) = \underleftrightarrow{\varOmega}(v)$ , then (4.3) leads to the following fractional inequality for exponential type pre-invex function:

$\begin{align*} (-1)^{i-k_{1}-1}\varOmega\bigg(\dfrac{n_{1}}{2}\bigg) \leq\dfrac{(e^{\frac{1}{2}}-1)n^{k_{1}}}{n_{1}^{i-k_{1}}}[(-1)^{i-k_{1}-1}I_{(1-n )b}^{k_{1}}\varOmega((1-n )b)+I_{n b}^{k_{1}}\varOmega(n b)]. \end{align*}$

5. Conclusions

In this paper we studied the interval-valued exponential type pre-invex functions. We established He's and Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities for interval-valued exponential type pre-invex functions in the setting of Riemann-Liouville interval-valued fractional operator.

Acknowledgments

This work was sponsored in part by Henan Science and Technology Project of China (No:182102110292).

Conflict of interest

The author declares no conflict of interest.

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6.	Ahsan Fareed Shah, Serap Özcan, Miguel Vivas-Cortez, Muhammad Shoaib Saleem, Artion Kashuri, Fractional Hermite–Hadamard–Mercer-Type Inequalities for Interval-Valued Convex Stochastic Processes with Center-Radius Order and Their Related Applications in Entropy and Information Theory, 2024, 8, 2504-3110, 408, 10.3390/fractalfract8070408
7.	Zareen A. Khan, Waqar Afzal, Mujahid Abbas, Jong-Suk Ro, Abdullah A. Zaagan, Some well known inequalities on two dimensional convex mappings by means of Pseudo $\mathcal{L-R}$ interval order relations via fractional integral operators having non-singular kernel, 2024, 9, 2473-6988, 16061, 10.3934/math.2024778
8.	Waqar Afzal, Najla M. Aloraini, Mujahid Abbas, Jong-Suk Ro, Abdullah A. Zaagan, Hermite-Hadamard, Fejér and trapezoid type inequalities using Godunova-Levin Preinvex functions via Bhunia's order and with applications to quadrature formula and random variable, 2024, 21, 1551-0018, 3422, 10.3934/mbe.2024151
9.	Hanan Alohali, Valer-Daniel Breaz, Omar Mutab Alsalami, Luminita-Ioana Cotirla, Ahmed Alamer, Generalization of the Fuzzy Fejér–Hadamard Inequalities for Non-Convex Functions over a Rectangle Plane, 2024, 13, 2075-1680, 684, 10.3390/axioms13100684
10.	Abdullah Ali H. Ahmadini, Waqar Afzal, Mujahid Abbas, Elkhateeb S. Aly, Weighted Fejér, Hermite–Hadamard, and Trapezium-Type Inequalities for (h1,h2)–Godunova–Levin Preinvex Function with Applications and Two Open Problems, 2024, 12, 2227-7390, 382, 10.3390/math12030382
11.	Maryam Gharamah Ali Alshehri, Abd-Allah Hyder, Hüseyin Budak, Mohamed A. Barakat, Yoshihiro Sawano, Some New Improvements for Fractional Hermite–Hadamard Inequalities by Jensen–Mercer Inequalities, 2024, 2024, 2314-8896, 10.1155/2024/6691058
12.	Zareen A. Khan, Waqar Afzal, Mujahid Abbas, Kwara Nantomah, Ding-Xuan Zhou, Some Novel Inequalities for Godunova–Levin Preinvex Functions via Interval Set Inclusion (⊆) Relation, 2025, 2025, 2314-4629, 10.1155/jom/5570638

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AIMS Mathematics

Applying fixed point techniques for obtaining a positive definite solution to nonlinear matrix equations

Related Papers:

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Preliminaries

3. Interval fractional Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities

4. Interval fractional Hermite-Hadamard type Inequality via He's fractional derivative

5. Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Conflict of interest

References

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AIMS Mathematics

Applying fixed point techniques for obtaining a positive definite solution to nonlinear matrix equations

Related Papers:

Abstract

1. Introduction

2. Preliminaries

3. Interval fractional Hermite-Hadamard type inequalities

4. Interval fractional Hermite-Hadamard type Inequality via He's fractional derivative

5. Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Conflict of interest

References

This article has been cited by:

Reader Comments

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

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