Antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of action of <i>Origanum vulgare</i> L. essential oil: effects on membrane-associated properties

Armenuhi Moghrovyan; Naira Sahakyan; Armenuhi Moghrovyan; Naira Sahakyan

doi:10.3934/biophy.2024027

AIMS Biophysics

2024, Volume 11, Issue 4: 508-526. doi: 10.3934/biophy.2024027

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Review

Antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of action of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil: effects on membrane-associated properties

Armenuhi Moghrovyan ¹,
Naira Sahakyan ^{2
,
,}

1.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Yerevan State Medical University after M. Heratsi, Koryun 2, Yerevan, 0025, RA
2.
Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yerevan State University, A. Manoogian 1, Yerevan, 0025, RA

Received: 02 August 2024 Revised: 25 November 2024 Accepted: 25 November 2024 Published: 29 November 2024

Historically, essential oils (Eos) have been applied in diverse ways, with modern science confirming their antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Origanum vulgare (oregano) is a notable source of EOs, being particularly rich in compounds like thymol, carvacrol, and β-caryophyllene, which contribute to its potent antibacterial effects. These include disruption of bacterial cell membranes, interference with quorum sensing, and inhibition of biofilm formation. Oregano EO has shown effectiveness against both antibiotic-resistant and non-resistant bacterial strains, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The components of this EO disrupt membrane integrity, ion transport, membrane surface charge, biofilm formation, and other biophysical parameters, eventually leading to cell death. Research highlights its potential in combatting antibiotic resistance, either alone or in synergy with traditional antibiotics. Additionally, oregano EO holds promise as a natural therapeutic agent. Continued study of its complex chemical interactions will further elucidate its full potential in antimicrobial therapy. This review article presents the possible mechanisms of the antimicrobial action of oregano essential oil and its application prospects.
- Origanum vulgare,
- secondary metabolites,
- membrane surface charge,
- proton fluxes,
- biofilm,
- cell membrane biophysical properties
Citation: Armenuhi Moghrovyan, Naira Sahakyan. Antimicrobial activity and mechanisms of action of Origanum vulgare L. essential oil: effects on membrane-associated properties[J]. AIMS Biophysics, 2024, 11(4): 508-526. doi: 10.3934/biophy.2024027

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Abstract

Historically, essential oils (Eos) have been applied in diverse ways, with modern science confirming their antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties. Origanum vulgare (oregano) is a notable source of EOs, being particularly rich in compounds like thymol, carvacrol, and β-caryophyllene, which contribute to its potent antibacterial effects. These include disruption of bacterial cell membranes, interference with quorum sensing, and inhibition of biofilm formation. Oregano EO has shown effectiveness against both antibiotic-resistant and non-resistant bacterial strains, such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The components of this EO disrupt membrane integrity, ion transport, membrane surface charge, biofilm formation, and other biophysical parameters, eventually leading to cell death. Research highlights its potential in combatting antibiotic resistance, either alone or in synergy with traditional antibiotics. Additionally, oregano EO holds promise as a natural therapeutic agent. Continued study of its complex chemical interactions will further elucidate its full potential in antimicrobial therapy. This review article presents the possible mechanisms of the antimicrobial action of oregano essential oil and its application prospects.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the higher education and science committee MESCS RA, in the frames of the research project no. 21AG-4D027.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Author contributions

AM and NS drafted the first manuscript; Authors provided approval of the final submitted manuscript.

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