Explanatory factors of polydrug use in mid-late teens and the relevance of information sources: Correlational and configurational assessment in Tarragona (Spain)

Jorge de Andrés-Sánchez; Francesc Valls-Fonayet; Anna Sánchez-Aragón; Inma Pastor-Gosálbez; Angel Belzunegui-Eraso; Jorge de Andrés-Sánchez; Francesc Valls-Fonayet; Anna Sánchez-Aragón; Inma Pastor-Gosálbez; Angel Belzunegui-Eraso

doi:10.3934/publichealth.2024039

AIMS Public Health

2024, Volume 11, Issue 3: 773-802. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2024039

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Research article Special Issues

Explanatory factors of polydrug use in mid-late teens and the relevance of information sources: Correlational and configurational assessment in Tarragona (Spain)

1.
Social & Business Research Laboratory, Rovira i Virgili University, Av. Catalunya, 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain
2.
School of Nursing, Rovira i Virgili University, Av. Catalunya, 35, 43002 Tarragona, Spain

Received: 15 November 2023 Revised: 27 February 2024 Accepted: 26 March 2024 Published: 18 June 2024

Background
Substance use among adolescents is a public health problem, and the simultaneous use of multiple substances aggravates this problem. Although the facilitators of specific substance use in adolescents have been widely investigated, polydrug use is a less common topic. Likewise, the role that the origin of the information available to adolescents regarding substance use plays in relation to polydrug use is practically unexplored.
Objectives
This work analyzed the relevance of the origin of the information sources available to adolescents regarding substance use, among which we distinguished those that were monitored (or supervised) by public agencies from those that were unmonitored (or unsupervised) in the consumption of more than one substance. As control variables, we considered three individual factors and four environmental factors. The relevance of these sources was analysed from a dual perspective: on the one hand, their statistical relevance was measured, and on the other hand, how they combined with the control variables was analysed to identify risk and risk-free profiles in substance poly-drug use.
Methods
This paper utilized a sample of N = 573 adolescents aged ≥17 years. This sample was collected from a survey administered in the spring of 2023. We examined the impact of unmonitored information sources (peers, siblings, and the Internet) and supervised sources (school, parents, and media) on the combined consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis. Additionally, we took three individual factors (gender, early onset of alcohol, and tobacco use) and four environmental factors (parental control, alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use among peers) into account as control variables. Initially, we conducted a regression analysis to adjust for the impact of these factors on polydrug use. Subsequently, we employed a fuzzy set qualitative analysis (fsQCA) to investigate how predictor factors combined with the formation of adolescent profiles associated with polydrug consumption and nonconsumption.
Results
Unmonitored information sources were associated with a greater incidence of poly consumption, with ORs of 1.703 and p values of 0.004. However, the protective effects of regulated information sources remained ambiguous. Among the variables positively linked with of polydrug use, are female sex (OR = 1.329, p = 0.0076), early alcohol consumption (OR = 4.680, p < 0.0001), and early tobacco consumption (OR = 3.242, p < 0.001) were the most important. Peer drinking (OR = 1.556, p = 0.0187) and peer cannabis use (OR = 1.351, p = 0.0226) were also significantly correlated. The use of the fsQCA made it possible to identify the profiles of adolescents associated to polysubstance use and non-use. The conditions of the configurations that explained use were characterized by an early onset of the joint consumption of tobacco and alcohol. The profile of non-consuming adolescents is that of adolescents whose peers do not use tobacco or cannabis and who have parental control and monitored sources.
- adolescence,
- substance use,
- polydrug use,
- correlational methods,
- fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis
Citation: Jorge de Andrés-Sánchez, Francesc Valls-Fonayet, Anna Sánchez-Aragón, Inma Pastor-Gosálbez, Angel Belzunegui-Eraso. Explanatory factors of polydrug use in mid-late teens and the relevance of information sources: Correlational and configurational assessment in Tarragona (Spain)[J]. AIMS Public Health, 2024, 11(3): 773-802. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2024039

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Abstract

Background

Substance use among adolescents is a public health problem, and the simultaneous use of multiple substances aggravates this problem. Although the facilitators of specific substance use in adolescents have been widely investigated, polydrug use is a less common topic. Likewise, the role that the origin of the information available to adolescents regarding substance use plays in relation to polydrug use is practically unexplored.

Objectives

This work analyzed the relevance of the origin of the information sources available to adolescents regarding substance use, among which we distinguished those that were monitored (or supervised) by public agencies from those that were unmonitored (or unsupervised) in the consumption of more than one substance. As control variables, we considered three individual factors and four environmental factors. The relevance of these sources was analysed from a dual perspective: on the one hand, their statistical relevance was measured, and on the other hand, how they combined with the control variables was analysed to identify risk and risk-free profiles in substance poly-drug use.

Methods

This paper utilized a sample of N = 573 adolescents aged ≥17 years. This sample was collected from a survey administered in the spring of 2023. We examined the impact of unmonitored information sources (peers, siblings, and the Internet) and supervised sources (school, parents, and media) on the combined consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis. Additionally, we took three individual factors (gender, early onset of alcohol, and tobacco use) and four environmental factors (parental control, alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis use among peers) into account as control variables. Initially, we conducted a regression analysis to adjust for the impact of these factors on polydrug use. Subsequently, we employed a fuzzy set qualitative analysis (fsQCA) to investigate how predictor factors combined with the formation of adolescent profiles associated with polydrug consumption and nonconsumption.

Results

Unmonitored information sources were associated with a greater incidence of poly consumption, with ORs of 1.703 and p values of 0.004. However, the protective effects of regulated information sources remained ambiguous. Among the variables positively linked with of polydrug use, are female sex (OR = 1.329, p = 0.0076), early alcohol consumption (OR = 4.680, p < 0.0001), and early tobacco consumption (OR = 3.242, p < 0.001) were the most important. Peer drinking (OR = 1.556, p = 0.0187) and peer cannabis use (OR = 1.351, p = 0.0226) were also significantly correlated. The use of the fsQCA made it possible to identify the profiles of adolescents associated to polysubstance use and non-use. The conditions of the configurations that explained use were characterized by an early onset of the joint consumption of tobacco and alcohol. The profile of non-consuming adolescents is that of adolescents whose peers do not use tobacco or cannabis and who have parental control and monitored sources.

Acknowledgments

This paper is a result of the following research project: “Prevention of drug use and gambling in adolescents: the information paradox. The case of Tarragona”, which has been funded by “Ministerio Español de Ciencia e Innovación, Plan nacional R+D+I 2019”. Code: PID2019-104310RB-C21. R&D&I Projects - “Research Challenges” and “Knowledge Generation” Modalities (without ERDF funding) 2019-2020

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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