Covid-19 pandemic? Mental health implications among nurses and Proposed interventions

Vasiliki Georgousopoulou; Panagiota Pervanidou; Pantelis Perdikaris; Efrosyni Vlachioti; Vaia Zagana; Georgios Kourtis; Ioanna Pavlopoulou; Vasiliki Matziou; Vasiliki Georgousopoulou; Panagiota Pervanidou; Pantelis Perdikaris; Efrosyni Vlachioti; Vaia Zagana; Georgios Kourtis; Ioanna Pavlopoulou; Vasiliki Matziou

doi:10.3934/publichealth.2024014

AIMS Public Health

2024, Volume 11, Issue 1: 273-293. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2024014

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Covid-19 pandemic? Mental health implications among nurses and Proposed interventions

1.
Department of Research, Quality Control and Continuing Education, University General Hospital of Alexandroupolis
2.
First Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, “Agia Sophia” Children's Hospital
3.
Department of Nursing School of Health Sciences University of Peloponnese
4.
Department of Nursing, ‘Aghia Sophia’ Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
5.
Department of Nursing, “Sotiria” General Hospital, Athens, Greece
6.
Department of Nursing, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens

Received: 27 October 2023 Revised: 28 February 2024 Accepted: 29 February 2024 Published: 11 March 2024

Background
With its abrupt and huge health and socio-economic consequences, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a uniquely demanding, intensely stressful, and even traumatic period. Healthcare workers (HCW), especially nurses, were exposed to mental health challenges during those challenging times.
Objectives
Review the current literature on mental health problems among nurses caring for COVID-19 patients.
Methods
This is a narrative review and critical evaluation of relevant publications.
Results
Nurses experienced higher levels of stress, burnout, anxiety, depression, frustration, stigma, and depersonalization compared to other HCW. Factors that increased this symptomatology included concerns about infection or infection of family members, inadequate staff protective equipment, extended working hours, insufficient information, a reduced sense of security, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The factors that improved the psychopathology included a general positive attitude, job satisfaction, adequate information and education, harmonious group relationships, post-traumatic development, emotional intelligence, psychological counseling, mindfulness-based stress reduction, stable leadership, guidance, and moral and practical administrative support.
Conclusions
Recent studies clearly show that nurses, especially women, are the most vulnerable subgroup among HCW and are particularly prone to mental health impacts during the COVID-19 pandemic. The documented mental health vulnerability of frontline nursing staff during the COVID-19 pandemic requires preventive nursing management actions to increase resilience and to develop relevant defense mechanisms.
- healthcare workers,
- stress response,
- psychopathology,
- psychological problems,
- COVID-19,
- mental health,
- nurses
Citation: Vasiliki Georgousopoulou, Panagiota Pervanidou, Pantelis Perdikaris, Efrosyni Vlachioti, Vaia Zagana, Georgios Kourtis, Ioanna Pavlopoulou, Vasiliki Matziou. Covid-19 pandemic? Mental health implications among nurses and Proposed interventions[J]. AIMS Public Health, 2024, 11(1): 273-293. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2024014

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Abstract

Background

With its abrupt and huge health and socio-economic consequences, the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a uniquely demanding, intensely stressful, and even traumatic period. Healthcare workers (HCW), especially nurses, were exposed to mental health challenges during those challenging times.

Objectives

Review the current literature on mental health problems among nurses caring for COVID-19 patients.

Methods

This is a narrative review and critical evaluation of relevant publications.

Results

Nurses experienced higher levels of stress, burnout, anxiety, depression, frustration, stigma, and depersonalization compared to other HCW. Factors that increased this symptomatology included concerns about infection or infection of family members, inadequate staff protective equipment, extended working hours, insufficient information, a reduced sense of security, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The factors that improved the psychopathology included a general positive attitude, job satisfaction, adequate information and education, harmonious group relationships, post-traumatic development, emotional intelligence, psychological counseling, mindfulness-based stress reduction, stable leadership, guidance, and moral and practical administrative support.

Conclusions

Recent studies clearly show that nurses, especially women, are the most vulnerable subgroup among HCW and are particularly prone to mental health impacts during the COVID-19 pandemic. The documented mental health vulnerability of frontline nursing staff during the COVID-19 pandemic requires preventive nursing management actions to increase resilience and to develop relevant defense mechanisms.

Acknowledgments

This study is not funded by any agency, and is conducted by the authors independently.

Conflict of interest

The authors state that there is no conflict of interest in this document.

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