Survey Special Issues

Machine learning and deep learning-based approach in smart healthcare: Recent advances, applications, challenges and opportunities

  • Received: 19 August 2023 Accepted: 18 December 2023 Published: 05 January 2024
  • In recent years, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have been the leading approaches to solving various challenges, such as disease predictions, drug discovery, medical image analysis, etc., in intelligent healthcare applications. Further, given the current progress in the fields of ML and DL, there exists the promising potential for both to provide support in the realm of healthcare. This study offered an exhaustive survey on ML and DL for the healthcare system, concentrating on vital state of the art features, integration benefits, applications, prospects and future guidelines. To conduct the research, we found the most prominent journal and conference databases using distinct keywords to discover scholarly consequences. First, we furnished the most current along with cutting-edge progress in ML-DL-based analysis in smart healthcare in a compendious manner. Next, we integrated the advancement of various services for ML and DL, including ML-healthcare, DL-healthcare, and ML-DL-healthcare. We then offered ML and DL-based applications in the healthcare industry. Eventually, we emphasized the research disputes and recommendations for further studies based on our observations.

    Citation: Anichur Rahman, Tanoy Debnath, Dipanjali Kundu, Md. Saikat Islam Khan, Airin Afroj Aishi, Sadia Sazzad, Mohammad Sayduzzaman, Shahab S. Band. Machine learning and deep learning-based approach in smart healthcare: Recent advances, applications, challenges and opportunities[J]. AIMS Public Health, 2024, 11(1): 58-109. doi: 10.3934/publichealth.2024004

    Related Papers:

  • In recent years, machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) have been the leading approaches to solving various challenges, such as disease predictions, drug discovery, medical image analysis, etc., in intelligent healthcare applications. Further, given the current progress in the fields of ML and DL, there exists the promising potential for both to provide support in the realm of healthcare. This study offered an exhaustive survey on ML and DL for the healthcare system, concentrating on vital state of the art features, integration benefits, applications, prospects and future guidelines. To conduct the research, we found the most prominent journal and conference databases using distinct keywords to discover scholarly consequences. First, we furnished the most current along with cutting-edge progress in ML-DL-based analysis in smart healthcare in a compendious manner. Next, we integrated the advancement of various services for ML and DL, including ML-healthcare, DL-healthcare, and ML-DL-healthcare. We then offered ML and DL-based applications in the healthcare industry. Eventually, we emphasized the research disputes and recommendations for further studies based on our observations.



    加载中

    Acknowledgments



    This study is not funded by any agency and is being conducted by the authors independently.

    Conflict of interest



    Shahab S. Band is an editorial board member for AIMS Public Health and was not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. All authors declare that there are no competing interests.

    [1] Hampel H, O'Bryant S, Durrleman S, et al. (2017) Others A precision medicine initiative for Alzheimer's disease: the road ahead to biomarker-guided integrative disease modeling. Climacteric 20: 107-118. https://doi.org/10.1080/13697137.2017.1287866
    [2] Hossain M, Wadud M, Rahman A A Secured Patient's Online Data Monitoring through Blockchain: An Intelligent way to Store Lifetime Medical Records. 2021 International Conference On Science Contemporary Technologies (ICSCT); c2021 : p. 1-6.
    [3] Bhatia K, Syal R Predictive analysis using hybrid clustering in diabetes diagnosis. 2017 Recent Developments In Control, Automation & Power Engineering (RDCAPE); c2017 : p. 447-452.
    [4] Nienhold D, Dornberger R, Korkut S Pattern recognition for automated healthcare assessment using non-invasive, ambient sensors. 2017 IEEE International Conference On Healthcare Informatics (ICHI); c2017 : p. 189-197.
    [5] Bhardwaj R, Nambiar A, Dutta D A study of machine learning in healthcare. 2017 IEEE 41st Annual Computer Software And Applications Conference (COMPSAC); c2017 : p. 236-241.
    [6] Li Y, Wu F, Ngom A (2018) A review on machine learning principles for multi-view biological data integration. Brief Bioinform 19: 325-340. https://doi.org/10.1093/bib/bbw113
    [7] Rahman A, Islam M, Rahman Z, et al. (2020) Distb-condo: Distributed blockchain-based iot-sdn model for smart condominium. IEEE Access 8: 209594-209609. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3039113
    [8] Finger M, Razaghi M (2017) Conceptualizing smart cities. Inform-Spektrum 40: 6-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00287-016-1002-5
    [9] Rahman A, Islam J, Kundu D, et al. (2023) Impacts of blockchain in software-defined Internet of Things ecosystem with Network Function Virtualization for smart applications: Present perspectives and future directions. Int J Commun Syst : e5429. https://doi.org/10.1002/dac.5429
    [10] Baig M, Gholamhosseini H (2013) Smart health monitoring systems: an overview of design and modeling. J Med Syst 37: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-012-9898-z
    [11] Poslad S Ubiquitous computing: smart devices, environments and interactions. (John Wiley & Sons,2011) (2011).
    [12] Kamath U, Liu J, Whitaker J (2019) Deep learning for NLP and speech recognition.Springer 39.
    [13] Bali J, Garg R, Bali R (2019) Artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare and biomedical research: Why a strong computational/AI bioethics framework is required?. Indian J Ophthalmol 67: 3. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_1292_18
    [14] Hsu J (2016) For sale: deep learning [News]. IEEE Spectrum 53: 12-13. https://doi.org/10.1109/MSPEC.2016.7524158
    [15] Rahman A, Islam M, Montieri A, et al. (2021) SmartBlock-SDN: An Optimized Blockchain-SDN Framework for Resource Management in IoT. IEEE Access 9: 28361-28376. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3058244
    [16] Islam S, Sara U, Kawsar A, et al. (2021) SGBBA: An Efficient Method for Prediction System in Machine Learning using Imbalance Dataset. IJACSA 12: 2021. https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2021.0120351
    [17] Bengio Y, Courville A, Vincent P (2013) Representation learning: A review and new perspectives. IEEE T Pattern Anal 35: 1798-1828. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPAMI.2013.50
    [18] Schmidhuber J (2015) Deep learning in neural networks: An overview. Neural Networks 61: 85-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neunet.2014.09.003
    [19] LeCun Y, Bengio Y, Hinton G (2015) Deep learning. Nat 521: 436-444. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature14539
    [20] Sarker I (2021) Machine learning: Algorithms, real-world applications and research directions. SN Comput Sci 2: 160. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202103.0216.v1
    [21] Karim F, Armin M, Ahmedt-Aristizabal D, et al. (2023) A review of hydrodynamic and machine learning approaches for flood inundation modeling. Water 15: 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030566
    [22] Mukerji S, Petersen K, Pohl K, et al. (2023) Machine learning approaches to understand cognitive phenotypes in people with HIV. J Infect Dis 227: S48-S57. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac293
    [23] Chan J, Leow S, Bea K, et al. (2022) Mitigating the multicollinearity problem and its machine learning approach: A review. Math 10: 1283. https://doi.org/10.3390/math10081283
    [24] Halbouni A, Gunawan T, Habaebi M, et al. (2022) Machine learning and deep learning approaches for cybersecuriy: A review. IEEE Access 10: 19572-19585. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3151248
    [25] Luan H, Tsai C (2021) A review of using machine learning approaches for precision education. Educ Technol Soc 24: 250-266.
    [26] Carracedo-Reboredo P, Liñares-Blanco J, Rodríguez-Fernández N, et al. (2021) A review on machine learning approaches and trends in drug discovery. Comput Struct Biotec J 19: 4538-4558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csbj.2021.08.011
    [27] Verbraeken J, Wolting M, Katzy J, et al. (2020) A survey on distributed machine learning. Acm Comput Surv (csur) 53: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.1145/3377454
    [28] Alanazi S, Kamruzzaman M, Alruwaili M, et al. (2020) Measuring and preventing COVID-19 using the SIR model and machine learning in smart health care. J Healthc Eng 2020: 8857346. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8857346
    [29] Djenouri D, Laidi R, Djenouri Y, et al. (2019) Machine learning for smart building applications: Review and taxonomy. ACM Comput Surv 52: 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1145/3311950
    [30] Narayan V, Awasthi S, Fatima N Deep Learning Approaches for Human Gait Recognition: A Review. 2023 International Conference On Artificial Intelligence And Smart Communication (AISC); c2023 : p. 763-768.
    [31] Abdusalomov A, Islam B, Nasimov R, et al. (2023) An improved forest fire detection method based on the detectron2 model and a deep learning approach. Sensors 23: 1512. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23031512
    [32] Ibrahim N, Gabr D, Rahman A, et al. (2022) A deep learning approach to intelligent fruit identification and family classification. Multimed Tools Appl 81: 27783-27798. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12942-9
    [33] Aqeel S, Shahid Khan A, Ahmad Z, et al. (2022) A comprehensive study on DNA based Security scheme Using Deep Learning in Healthcare. EDPACS 66: 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/07366981.2021.1958742
    [34] Ahmed I, Jeon G, Piccialli F (2021) A deep-learning-based smart healthcare system for patient's discomfort detection at the edge of Internet of things. IEEE Int Things 8: 10318-10326. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2021.3052067
    [35] Zhang S, Yao L, Sun A, et al. (2019) Deep learning based recommender system: A survey and new perspectives. ACM Comput Surv (CSUR) 52: 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1145/3285029
    [36] Altaheri H, Muhammad G, Alsulaiman M, et al. (2021) Deep learning techniques for classification of electroencephalogram (EEG) motor imagery (MI) signals: A review. Neural Comput Appl 35: 14681-14722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-06352-5
    [37] Asraf A, Islam M, Haque M, et al. (2020) Deep learning applications to combat novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. SN Comput Sci 1: 363. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-020-00383-w
    [38] Rahman M, Hossain M, Alrajeh N, et al. (2020) B5G and explainable deep learning assisted healthcare vertical at the edge: COVID-I9 perspective. IEEE Netw 34: 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.011.2000353
    [39] Kumar P, Kumar R, Gupta G, et al. (2023) A blockchain-orchestrated deep learning approach for secure data transmission in IoT-enabled healthcare system. J Parallel Distr Com 172: 69-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2022.10.002
    [40] Gnanasankaran N, Subashini B, Sundaravadivazhagan B (2023) Amalgamation of Deep Learning in Healthcare Systems. Deep Learning For Healthcare Decision Making. USA: River Publishers 23. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003373261-1
    [41] Azadi M, Yousefi S, Saen R, et al. (2023) Forecasting sustainability of healthcare supply chains using deep learning and network data envelopment analysis. J Bus Res 154: 113357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.113357
    [42] Bhat R, Mannarswamy S, NC S DL4HC: Deep Learning for Healthcare. Proceedings Of The 6th Joint International Conference On Data Science & Management Of Data (10th ACM IKDD CODS And 28th COMAD); c2023 : p. 327-329.
    [43] Javaid M, Haleem A, Singh R, et al. (2022) Significance of machine learning in healthcare: Features, pillars and applications. Int J Intell Netw 3: 58-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijin.2022.05.002
    [44] Abdullah A, Hassan M, Mustafa Y (2022) A review on bayesian deep learning in healthcare: Applications and challenges. IEEE Access 10: 36538-36562. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3163384
    [45] Futoma J, Simons M, Panch T, et al. (2020) The myth of generalisability in clinical research and machine learning in health care. Lancet Dig Health 2: e489-e492. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2589-7500(20)30186-2
    [46] Wiens J, Saria S, Sendak M, et al. (2019) Others Do no harm: a roadmap for responsible machine learning for health care. Nat Med 25: 1337-1340. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-019-0609-x
    [47] Periyasamy G, Rangaswamy E, Srinivasan U (2023) A study on impact of ageing population on Singapore healthcare systems using machine learning algorithms. World Rev Entrep Manag Sustain Dev 19: 47-70. https://doi.org/10.1504/WREMSD.2023.127243
    [48] Patil R, Shah K (2023) Machine Learning in Healthcare: Applications, Current Status, and Future Prospects. Handbook Res Mach Le. USA: Apple Academic Press 163-186.
    [49] McCoy L, Brenna C, Chen S, et al. (2022) Believing in black boxes: machine learning for healthcare does not need explainability to be evidence-based. J Clin Epidemiol 142: 252-257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2021.11.001
    [50] Sabry F, Eltaras T, Labda W, et al. (2022) Machine learning for healthcare wearable devices: the big picture. J Healthc Eng 2022: 4653923. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4653923
    [51] Zhang A, Xing L, Zou J, et al. (2022) Shifting machine learning for healthcare from development to deployment and from models to data. Nat Biomed Eng 6: 1330-1345. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-022-00898-y
    [52] Siddique S, Chow J (2021) Machine learning in healthcare communication. Encyclopedia 1: 220-239. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia1010021
    [53] Chen I, Pierson E, Rose S, et al. (2021) Ethical machine learning in healthcare. Annu Rev Biomed Da S 4: 123-144. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-092820-114757
    [54] Souri A, Ghafour M, Ahmed A, et al. (2020) A new machine learning-based healthcare monitoring model for student's condition diagnosis in Internet of Things environment. Soft Comput 24: 17111-17121. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-020-05003-6
    [55] Mageshkumar N, Lakshmanan L (2023) Intelligent data deduplication with deep transfer learning enabled classification model for cloud-based healthcare system. Expert Syst Appl 215: 119257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2022.119257
    [56] Dhar T, Dey N, Borra S, et al. (2023) Challenges of deep learning in medical image analysis-improving explainability and trust. IEEE T Technol Soc 4: 68-75. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTS.2023.3234203
    [57] Narayan V, Mall P, Alkhayyat A, et al. (2023) Others enhance-net: an approach to boost the performance of deep learning model based on real-time medical images. J Sensors 2023: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8276738
    [58] Jujjavarapu C, Suri P, Pejaver V, et al. (2023) Predicting decompression surgery by applying multimodal deep learning to patients' structured and unstructured health data. BMC Med Inform Decis 23: 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-022-02096-x
    [59] Buddenkotte T, Rundo L, Woitek R, et al. (2023) Others deep learning-based segmentation of multi-site disease in ovarian cancer. MedRxiv : 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.01.10.22279679
    [60] Rajan Jeyaraj P, Nadar E (2019) Smart-monitor: Patient monitoring system for IoT-based healthcare system using deep learning. IETE J Res 68: 1435-1442. https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.2019.1649215
    [61] Jin D, Sergeeva E, Weng W, et al. (2022) Explainable deep learning in healthcare: A methodological survey from an attribution view. WIREs Mech Dise 14: e1548. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsbm.1548
    [62] Vinod D, Prabaharan S (2023) COVID-19-The Role of Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning: A Newfangled. Arch Comput Methods E 30: 2667-2682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-023-09882-4
    [63] Zohuri B, Rahmani F (2023) Artificial intelligence driven resiliency with machine learning and deep learning components. Transcranial Magnetic and Electrical Brain Stimulation for Neurological Disorders.Academic Press 317-334.
    [64] Hassan A, Rajesh A, Asaad M, et al. (2023) Artificial intelligence and machine learning in prediction of surgical complications: Current state, applications, and Iimplications. Am Surgeon 89: 25-30.
    [65] Jenkins T (2022) Others wearable medical sensor devices, machine and deep learning algorithms, and internet of things-based healthcare systems in COVID-19 patient screening, diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment. Am J Med Res 9: 49-64.
    [66] Saravi B, Hassel F, Ülkümen S, et al. (2022) Artificial intelligence-driven prediction modeling and decision making in spine surgery using hybrid machine learning models. J Pers Med 12: 509. https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12040509
    [67] Bahrami M, Forouzanfar M (2022) Sleep apnea detection from single-lead ECG: A comprehensive analysis of machine learning and deep learning algorithms. IEEE T Instrum Meas 71: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2022.3151947
    [68] Stone D, Michalkova L, Machova V (2022) Machine and deep learning techniques, body sensor networks, and Internet of Things-based smart healthcare systems in COVID-19 remote patient monitoring. Am J Med Res 9: 97-112.
    [69] Afshar P, Heidarian S, Enshaei N, et al. (2021) COVID-CT-MD, COVID-19 computed tomography scan dataset applicable in machine learning and deep learning. Scientific Data 8: 121. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-021-00900-3
    [70] Hasan M, Rahman A, Karim M Normalized Approach to Find Optimal Number of Topics in Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA). Proceedings Of International Conference On Trends In Computational And Cognitive Engineering; c2021 : p. 341-354.
    [71] Ikotun A, Ezugwu A, Abualigah L, et al. (2022) K-means Clustering Algorithms: A Comprehensive Review, Variants Analysis, and Advances in the Era of Big Data. Inform Sci 622: 178-210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2022.11.139
    [72] Rahmani A, Ali S, Yousefpoor M, et al. (2021) An area coverage scheme based on fuzzy logic and shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (sfla) in heterogeneous wireless sensor networks. Math 9: 2251. https://doi.org/10.3390/math9182251
    [73] Alizadehsani R, Roshanzamir M, Abdar M, et al. (2019) A database for using machine learning and data mining techniques for coronary artery disease diagnosis. Sci Data 6: 227. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-019-0206-3
    [74] Ben-Israel D, Jacobs W, Casha S, et al. (2020) The impact of machine learning on patient care: a systematic review. Artif Intell Med 103: 101785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.artmed.2019.101785
    [75] Rahman A, Islam M, Band S, et al. (2023) Towards a blockchain-SDN-based secure architecture for cloud computing in smart industrial IoT. Digit Commun Netw 9: 411-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2022.11.003
    [76] Dhal P, Azad C (2022) A comprehensive survey on feature selection in the various fields of machine learning. Appl Intell 52: 4543-4587. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10489-021-02550-9
    [77] Tiwari S, Rana K Feature selection in big data: Trends and challenges. Data Science And Intelligent Applications: Proceedings Of ICDSIA 2020; c2021 : p. 83-98.
    [78] Hussen Wadud M, Rahman A, Islam M A Decentralized Secure Blockchain-based Privacy-Preserving Healthcare Clouds and Applications. 2023 International Conference On Electrical, Computer And Communication Engineering (ECCE); c2023 : p. 1-6.
    [79] Feldman K, Faust L, Wu X Beyond volume: The impact of complex healthcare data on the machine learning pipeline. Towards Integrative Machine Learning And Knowledge Extraction: BIRS Workshop, Banff, AB, Canada, July 24–26, 2015, Revised Selected Papers; c2017 : p. 150-169.
    [80] Zhang J, Harman M, Ma L, et al. (2020) Machine learning testing: Survey, landscapes and horizons. IEEE T Software Eng 48: 1-36.
    [81] Javaheri D, Hosseinzadeh M, Rahmani A (2018) Detection and elimination of spyware and ransomware by intercepting kernel-level system routines. IEEE Access 6: 78321-78332. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2884964
    [82] Islam M, Rahman A, Kabir S, et al. (2022) Blockchain-SDN-based energy-aware and distributed secure architecture for IoT in smart cities. IEEE Internet Things 9: 3850-3864. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2021.3100797
    [83] Khan S, Shahrior A, Karim R, et al. (2022) MultiNet: A deep neural network approach for detecting breast cancer through multi-scale feature fusion. J King Saud Univ-Com 34: 6217-6228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2021.08.004
    [84] Brophy E, Wang Z, She Q, et al. (2023) Generative adversarial networks in time series: A systematic literature review. ACM Comput Surv 55: 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1145/3559540
    [85] Alhussein M, Muhammad G, Hossain M (2019) EEG pathology detection based on deep learning. IEEE Access 7: 27781-27788. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2901672
    [86] Yang S, Deng B, Wang J, et al. (2018) Design of hidden-property-based variable universe fuzzy control for movement disorders and its efficient reconfigurable implementation. IEEE T Fuzzy Syst 27: 304-318. https://doi.org/10.1109/TFUZZ.2018.2856182
    [87] Fadlullah Z, Tang F, Mao B, et al. (2018) On intelligent traffic control for large-scale heterogeneous networks: A value matrix-based deep learning approach. IEEE Commun Lett 22: 2479-2482.
    [88] Hossain M (2015) Cloud-supported cyber–physical localization framework for patients monitoring. IEEE Syst J 11: 118-127. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11030384
    [89] Luo P, Tian L, Ruan J, et al. (2017) Disease gene prediction by integrating ppi networks, clinical rna-seq data and omim data. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 16: 222-232. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCBB.2017.2770120
    [90] Wang D, Zhang M, Li Z, et al. (2017) Modulation format recognition and OSNR estimation using CNN-based deep learning. IEEE Photonic Tech L 29: 1667-1670. https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2017.2742553
    [91] Li M, Wang Y, Zheng R, et al. (2019) DeepDSC: a deep learning method to predict drug sensitivity of cancer cell lines. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 18: 575-582. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCBB.2019.2919581
    [92] Rahman A, Montieri A, Kundu D, et al. (2022) Others On the Integration of Blockchain and SDN: Overview, Applications, and Future Perspectives. J Netw Syst Manag 30: 1-44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10922-022-09682-4
    [93] Debnath T, Reza M, Rahman A, et al. (2022) Four-layer ConvNet to facial emotion recognition with minimal epochs and the significance of data diversity. Sci Rep 12: 6991. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-511221/v1
    [94] Nix-UnitedUnited artificial intelligence vs. machine learning vs. deep learning: Explaining the difference (2021). Available from: https://nix-united.com/blog/artificial-intelligence-vsmachine-learning-vsdeep-learning-explaining-the-difference.
    [95] Tkachenko N Machine learning in healthcare: 12 Real-world use cases to know (2021). Available from: https://nix-united.com/blog/machine-learning-in-healthcare-12-real-world-use-cases-to-know/.
    [96] Flam D Benefits of Machine Learning in Healthcare (2022). Available from: https://www.foreseemed.com/blog/machine-learning-in-healthcare.
    [97] Bresnick J What Is Deep Learning and How Will It Change Healthcare? (2022). Available from: https://healthitanalytics.com/features/what-is-deep-learning-and-how-will-it-change-healthcare
    [98] Khan M, Rahman A, Debnath T, et al. (2022) Accurate brain tumor detection using deep convolutional neural network. Comput Struct Biotec 20: 4733-4745. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICISET54810.2022.9775817
    [99] Vyas S, Bhargava D (2021) Smart health systems: Emerging trends. UK: Springer Nature.
    [100] Huang X, Jagota V, Espinoza-Muñoz E, et al. (2021) Tourist hot spots prediction model based on optimized neural network algorithm. Int J Syst Assur Eng 13: 63-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13198-021-01226-4
    [101] Rahman A, Chakraborty C, Anwar A, et al. (2022) Others SDN–IoT empowered intelligent framework for industry 4.0 applications during COVID-19 pandemic. Cluster Comput 25: 2351-2368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-021-03367-4
    [102] Rahman A, Sara U, Kundu D, et al. (2020) DistB-SDoIndustry: Enhancing Security in Industry 4.0 Services based on Distributed Blockchain through Software Defined Networking-IoT Enabled Architecture. Int J Adv Comput Sc 11: 2020. https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2020.0110980
    [103] Wang N, Zhao X, Zhao P, et al. (2019) Automatic damage detection of historic masonry buildings based on mobile deep learning. Automat Constr 103: 53-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2019.03.003
    [104] Chen X, Xie H, Li Z, et al. (2023) Information fusion and artificial intelligence for smart healthcare: a bibliometric study. Inform Process Manag 60: 103-113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2022.103113
    [105] Chatzinikolaou T, Vogiatzi E, Kousis A, et al. (2022) Smart Healthcare Support Using Data Mining and Machine Learning. IoT And WSN Based Smart Cities: A Machine Learning Perspective. Cham: Springer 27-48.
    [106] Balakrishnan S, Suresh Kumar K, Ramanathan L, et al. (2022) IoT for health monitoring system based on machine learning algorithm. Wireless Pers Commun 124: 189-205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-09335-w
    [107] Awotunde J, Folorunso S, Ajagbe S, et al. (2022) AiIoMT: IoMT-based system-enabled artificial intelligence for enhanced smart healthcare systems. Machine Learning For Critical Internet Of Medical Things: Applications And Use Cases. Cham: Springer 229-254.
    [108] Bahalul Haque A, Bhushan B, Nawar A, et al. (2022) Attacks and countermeasures in IoT based smart healthcare applications. Recent Advances In Internet Of Things And Machine Learning: Real-World Applications.Springer 67-90.
    [109] Singh S, Rathore S, Alfarraj O, et al. (2022) A framework for privacy-preservation of IoT healthcare data using Federated Learning and blockchain technology. Future Gener Comp Sy 129: 380-388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2021.11.028
    [110] Ahmed M, Zubair S (2022) Explainable artificial intelligence in sustainable smart healthcare. Explainable Artificial Intelligence For Cyber Security: Next Generation Artificial Intelligence. Cham: Springer 265-280.
    [111] Verma R (2022) Smart city healthcare cyber physical system: Characteristics, technologies and challenges. Wireless Pers Commun 122: 1413-1433. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-08955-6
    [112] Rahman A, Hossain M, Muhammad G, et al. (2022) Federated learning-based AI approaches in smart healthcare: Concepts, taxonomies, challenges and open issues. Cluster Comput 26: 2271-2311. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-022-03658-4
    [113] Dwivedi R, Mehrotra D, Chandra S (2022) Potential of Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) applications in building a smart healthcare system: A systematic review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 12: 302-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobcr.2021.11.010
    [114] Ghosh A, Umer S, Khan M, et al. (2023) Smart sentiment analysis system for pain detection using cutting edge techniques in a smart healthcare framework. Cluster Comput 29: 119-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-022-03552-z
    [115] Kondaka L, Thenmozhi M, Vijayakumar K, et al. (2022) An intensive healthcare monitoring paradigm by using IoT based machine learning strategies. Multimed Tools Appl 81: 36891-36905. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-021-11111-8
    [116] Unal D, Bennbaia S, Catak F (2022) Machine learning for the security of healthcare systems based on Internet of Things and edge computing. Cybersecurity And Cognitive Science. USA: Academic Press 299-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-90570-1.00007-3
    [117] Verma V, Verma S (2022) Machine learning applications in healthcare sector: An overview. Materials Today: Proc 57: 2144-2147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2021.12.101
    [118] Kumari S, Muthulakshmi P, Agarwal D (2022) Deployment of Machine Learning Based Internet of Things Networks for Tele-Medical and Remote Healthcare. Evolutionary Computing And Mobile Sustainable Networks: Proceedings Of ICECMSN 2021. Singapore: Springer 305-317.
    [119] Rehman A, Abbas S, Khan M, et al. (2022) A secure healthcare 5.0 system based on blockchain technology entangled with federated learning technique. Comput Biol Med 150: 106019. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/gvkqc
    [120] Kute S, Tyagi A, Aswathy S (2022) Security, privacy and trust issues in internet of things and machine learning based e-healthcare. Intelligent Interactive Multimedia Systems For E-Healthcare Applications. Singapore: Springer 291-317.
    [121] Talaat F (2022) Effective prediction and resource allocation method (EPRAM) in fog computing environment for smart healthcare system. Multimed Tools Appl 81: 8235-8258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-12223-5
    [122] Swain S, Bhushan B, Dhiman G, et al. (2022) Appositeness of optimized and reliable machine learning for healthcare: A survey. Arch Comput Methods Eng 29: 3981-4003. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-022-09733-8
    [123] Shafiq S, Ahmed S, Kaiser M S, et al. (2022) Comprehensive Analysis of Nature-Inspired Algorithms for Parkinson's Disease Diagnosis. IEEE Access 11: 1629-1653. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3232292
    [124] Mohanty A, Parida S, Nayak S, et al. (2022) Study and impact analysis of machine learning approaches for smart healthcare in predicting mellitus diabetes on clinical data. Smart Healthcare Analytics: State Of The Art. Singapore: Springer 75-101.
    [125] Gupta P, Chouhan A, Wajeed M, et al. (2023) Prediction of health monitoring with deep learning using edge computing. Meas: Sensors 25: 100604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2022.100604
    [126] Ahmed I, Jeon G, Chehri A (2022) An IoT-enabled smart health care system for screening of COVID-19 with multi layers features fusion and selection. Computing 105: 743-760. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-021-00992-0
    [127] Ravi V, Alazab M, Selvaganapathy S, et al. (2022) A Multi-View attention-based deep learning framework for malware detection in smart healthcare systems. Comput Commun 195: 73-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2022.08.015
    [128] Jiao Y, Qi H, Wu J (2022) Capsule network assisted electrocardiogram classification model for smart healthcare. Biocybern Biomed Eng 42: 543-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbe.2022.03.006
    [129] Ahmed I, Camacho D, Jeon G, et al. (2022) Internet of health things driven deep learning-based system for non-invasive patient discomfort detection using time frame rules and pairwise keypoints distance feature. Sustain Cities Soc 79: 103672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2022.103672
    [130] Parida P, Dora L, Swain M, et al. (2022) Data science methodologies in smart healthcare: A review. Health Tech 12: 329-344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12553-022-00648-9
    [131] Hammad M, Abd El-Latif A, Hussain A, et al. (2022) Deep learning models for arrhythmia detection in IoT healthcare applications. Comput Electr Eng 100: 108011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2022.108011
    [132] Sujith A, Sajja G, Mahalakshmi V, et al. (2022) Systematic review of smart health monitoring using deep learning and Artificial intelligence. Neurosci Inform 2: 100028. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuri.2021.100028
    [133] Refaee E, Shamsudheen S (2022) A computing system that integrates deep learning and the internet of things for effective disease diagnosis in smart health care systems. J Super comput 78: 9285-9306. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-021-04263-9
    [134] Moqurrab S, Tariq N, Anjum A, et al. (2022) A deep learning-based privacy-preserving model for smart healthcare in Internet of medical things using fog computing. Wireless Pers Commun 126: 2379-2401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-021-09323-0
    [135] Awotunde J, Abiodun K, Adeniyi E A deep learning-based intrusion detection technique for a secured IoMT system. Informatics And Intelligent Applications: First International Conference, ICIIA 2021, Ota, Nigeria, November 25–27, 2021, Revised Selected Papers; c2022 : p. 50-62.
    [136] Sahu A, Sharma S, Raja R (2022) Deep learning-based continuous authentication for an IoT-enabled healthcare service. Comput Electr Eng 99: 107817. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2022.107817
    [137] Munnangi A, UdhayaKumar S, Ravi V, et al. (2023) Survival study on deep learning techniques for IoT enabled smart healthcare system. Health Technol 13: 215-228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12553-023-00736-4
    [138] CourseraWhat is machine learning in health care? Applications and opportunities (2022). Available from: https://www.coursera.org/articles/machine-learning-in-health-care
    [139] ONPASSIVEApplication of deep learning in healthcare (2022). Available from: https://onpassive.com/blog/application-of-deep-learning-in-healthcare/::text=Imaging%20In%20Medicine,the%20best%20treatment%20to%20patients
    [140] Xu Z, Sun J (2018) Model-driven deep-learning. National Sci Rev 5: 22-24. https://doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwx099
    [141] Shah A, Yan X, Shah S, et al. (2020) Mining patient opinion to evaluate the service quality in healthcare: a deep-learning approach. J Amb Intel Hum Comp 11: 2925-2942. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12652-019-01434-8
    [142] Tuli S, Basumatary N, Gill S, et al. (2020) HealthFog: An ensemble deep learning based Smart Healthcare System for Automatic Diagnosis of Heart Diseases in integrated IoT and fog computing environments. Future Gener Comp Sy 104: 187-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2019.10.043
    [143] Shamshirband S, Fathi M, Dehzangi A, et al. A review on deep learning approaches in healthcare systems: Taxonomies, challenges, and open issues. J Biomed Inform 113: 103627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2020.103627
    [144] Rana M, Bhushan M (2022) Machine learning and deep learning approach for medical image analysis: diagnosis to detection. Multimed Tools Appl 82: 26731-26769. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-022-14305-w
    [145] Almutairi M, Gabralla L, Abubakar S, et al. (2022) Detecting elderly behaviors based on deep learning for healthcare: Recent advances, methods, real-world applications and challenges. IEEE Access 10: 69802-69821. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3186701
    [146] Harrou F, Dairi A, Kadri F, et al. (2022) Effective forecasting of key features in hospital emergency department: Hybrid deep learning-driven methods. Mach Le Appl 7: 100200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mlwa.2021.100200
    [147] Chopra P, Junath N, Singh S, et al. (2022) Cyclic GAN model to classify breast cancer data for pathological healthcare task. Biomed Res Int 2022: 6336700. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/6336700
    [148] Heidari A, Navimipour N, Unal M, et al. (2022) The COVID-19 epidemic analysis and diagnosis using deep learning: A systematic literature review and future directions. Comput Biol Med 141: 105141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.105141
    [149] Heidari A, Jafari Navimipour N, Unal M, et al. (2022) Machine learning applications for COVID-19 outbreak management. Neural Comput Appl 34: 15313-15348. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07424-w
    [150] Raja G (2022) Deep learning algorithms for real-time healthcare monitoring systems. Convergence of deep learning and artificial intelligence in internet of things. USA: CRC Press 1-18.
    [151] Sserubombwe R (2022) Automatic bone fracture detection in x-ray images using deep learning [dissertation]. [Uganda]: Makerere University 73p.
    [152] Hulsen T (2022) Literature analysis of artificial intelligence in biomedicine. Ann Transl Med 10: 1284. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-2022-50
    [153] Kumar S, Ramachandran P (2022) Review on compressive sensing algorithms for ECG signal for IoT based deep learning framework. Appl Sci 12: 8368. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12168368
    [154] Nath S, Das Gupta S, Saha S (2023) Deep learning-based common skin disease image classification. J Intell Fuzzy Syst : 1-17.
    [155] Zeng N, Qiu H, Wang Z, et al. (2018) A new switching-delayed-PSO-based optimized SVM algorithm for diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Neurocomputing 320: 195-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2018.09.001
    [156] Shahab S, Hessam S, Vahdat S, et al. (2019) Parkinson's disease detection using biogeography-based optimization. Tech Science Press 61: 11-26. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2019.06472
    [157] Kruthika K, Maheshappa H, Initiative A (2019) Others Multistage classifier-based approach for Alzheimer's disease prediction and retrieval. Inform Med Unlocked 14: 34-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imu.2018.12.003
    [158] Rajalaxmi R, Kaavya S Feature selection for identifying Parkinson's disease using binary Grey Wolf Optimization. Proceedings Of The International Conference On Intelligent Computing Systems; ICICS 2017–Dec 15th–16th 2017; Organized By Sona College Of Technology, Salem, Tamilnadu, India. c2017 : p11.
    [159] Chen X, Yao X, Tang C Detecting Parkinson's disease using gait analysis with particle swarm optimization. Human Aspects Of IT For The Aged Population; Applications In Health, Assistance, And Entertainment: 4th International Conference, ITAP 2018, Held As Part Of HCI International 2018, Las Vegas, NV, USA, July 15–20, 2018, Proceedings, Part II 4; c2018 : p. 263-275.
    [160] El-Rashidy N, El-Sappagh S, Islam S, et al. (2020) End-to-end deep learning framework for coronavirus (COVID-19) detection and monitoring. Electronics 9: 1439. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9091439
    [161] Qaraqe M, Erraguntla M, Dave D (2021) AI and machine learning in diabetes management: opportunity, status, and challenges. Multiple Perspectives On Artificial Intelligence In Healthcare: Opportunities And Challenges. Cham: Springer 129-141.
    [162] Suarez-Ibarrola R, Hein S, Reis G, et al. (2020) Current and future applications of machine and deep learning in urology: a review of the literature on urolithiasis, renal cell carcinoma, and bladder and prostate cancer. World J Urol 38: 2329-2347. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-019-03000-5
    [163] Alzubaidi L, Zhang J, Humaidi A, et al. (2021) Review of deep learning: Concepts, CNN architectures, challenges, applications, future directions. J Big Data 8: 1-74. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-021-00444-8
    [164] Fernando T, Gammulle H, Denman S, et al. (2021) Deep learning for medical anomaly detection–a survey. ACM Comput Surv (CSUR) 54: 1-37. https://doi.org/10.1145/3464423
    [165] Altaheri H, Muhammad G, Alsulaiman M, et al. (2023) Deep learning techniques for classification of electroencephalogram (EEG) motor imagery (MI) signals: A review. Neural Comput Appl 35: 14681-14722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-021-06352-5
    [166] Rasheed K, Qayyum A, Ghaly M, et al. (2022) Explainable, trustworthy, and ethical machine learning for healthcare: A survey. Comput Biol Med 149: 106043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106043
    [167] Goel K, Sindhgatta R, Kalra S, et al. (2022) The effect of machine learning explanations on user trust for automated diagnosis of COVID-19. Comput Biol Med 146: 105587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105587
    [168] Velden B, Kuijf H, Gilhuijs K, et al. (2022) Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in deep learning-based medical image analysis. Med Image Anal 79: 102470. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.media.2022.102470
    [169] Chieregato M, Frangiamore F, Morassi M, et al. (2022) A hybrid machine learning/deep learning COVID-19 severity predictive model from CT images and clinical data. Sci Rep 12: 4629. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-07890-1
    [170] Messina P, Pino P, Parra D, et al. (2022) A survey on deep learning and explainability for automatic report generation from medical images. ACM Comput Surv (CSUR) 54: 1-40. https://doi.org/10.1145/3522747
    [171] Castiglioni I, Rundo L, Codari M, et al. (2021) AI applications to medical images: From machine learning to deep learning. Phys Med 83: 9-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.02.006
    [172] Li W, Chai Y, Khan F, et al. (2021) A comprehensive survey on machine learning-based big data analytics for IoT-enabled smart healthcare system. Mobile Netw Appl 26: 234-252. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11036-020-01700-6
    [173] Saheed Y, Arowolo M (2021) Efficient cyber attack detection on the internet of medical things-smart environment based on deep recurrent neural network and machine learning algorithms. IEEE Access 9: 161546-161554. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3128837
    [174] Chen I, Joshi S, Ghassemi M, et al. (2021) Probabilistic machine learning for healthcare. Annu Rev Biomed Data Sci 4: 393-415. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-092820-033938
    [175] Muhammad K, Khan S, Del Ser J, et al. (2020) Deep learning for multigrade brain tumor classification in smart healthcare systems: A prospective survey. IIEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 32: 507-522. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2020.2995800
    [176] Qayyum A, Qadir J, Bilal M, et al. (2020) Secure and robust machine learning for healthcare: A survey. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 14: 156-180. https://doi.org/10.1109/RBME.2020.3013489
    [177] Parihar A, Sharma S Application of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in for diagnosis in Medical learning. (2020) (2020).
    [178] Nakaura T, Higaki T, Awai K, et al. (2020) A primer for understanding radiology articles about machine learning and deep learning. Diagn Interv Imag 101: 765-770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diii.2020.10.001
    [179] Ali F, El-Sappagh S, Islam S, et al. (2020) A smart healthcare monitoring system for heart disease prediction based on ensemble deep learning and feature fusion. Inform Fusion 63: 208-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2020.06.008
    [180] Rasheed K, Qayyum A, Qadir J, et al. (2020) Machine learning for predicting epileptic seizures using EEG signals: A review. IEEE Rev Biomed Eng 14: 139-155. https://doi.org/10.1109/RBME.2020.3008792
    [181] Esteva A, Robicquet A, Ramsundar B, et al. (2019) A guide to deep learning in healthcare. Nat Med 25: 24-29. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-018-0316-z
    [182] Retson T, Besser A, Sall S, et al. (2019) Machine learning and deep neural networks in thoracic and cardiovascular imaging. J Thorac Imag 34: 192. https://doi.org/10.1097/RTI.0000000000000385
    [183] Dhillon A, Singh A (2019) Machine learning in healthcare data analysis: A survey. J Biol Today's World 8: 1-10.
    [184] Saba L, Biswas M, Kuppili V, et al. (2019) Others The present and future of deep learning in radiology. Eur J Radiol 114: 14-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.02.038
    [185] Huang H, Hsiao Y, Mukundan A, et al. (2023) Classification of Skin Cancer Using Novel Hyperspectral Imaging Engineering via YOLOv5. J Clin Med 12: 1134. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12031134
    [186] Hu Q, Xia H, Zhang T (2023) Chatbot Combined with Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Skin Cancer Detection. Methods 2: 35. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-040-4_7
    [187] Soni V, Yadav H, Semwal V A Novel Smartphone-Based Human Activity Recognition Using Deep Learning in Health care. Machine Learning, Image Processing, Network Security And Data Sciences: Select Proceedings Of 3rd International Conference On MIND 2021; c2023 : p. 493-503.
    [188] Kanagala P (2023) Effective cyber security system to secure optical data based on deep learning approach for healthcare application. Optik 272: 170315. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2022.170315
    [189] Khan M, Khan A, Alhaisoni M, et al. (2023) Multimodal brain tumor detection and classification using deep saliency map and improved dragonfly optimization algorithm. Int J Imag Syst Tech 33: 572-587. https://doi.org/10.1002/ima.22831
    [190] Dua N, Singh S, Challa S A Survey on Human Activity Recognition Using Deep Learning Techniques and Wearable Sensor Data. Machine Learning, Image Processing, Network Security And Data Sciences: 4th International Conference, MIND 2022, Virtual Event, January 19–20, 2023, Proceedings, Part I; c2023 : p. 52-71.
    [191] Wang W, Li X, Qiu X, et al. (2023) A privacy preserving framework for federated learning in smart healthcare systems. Inform Process Manag 60: 103167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ipm.2022.103167
    [192] Baji F, Abdullah S, Abdulsattar F (2023) K-mean clustering and local binary pattern techniques for automatic brain tumor detection. Bull Electr Eng Inf 12: 1586-1594. https://doi.org/10.11591/eei.v12i3.4404
    [193] Hassan D, Hussein H, Hassan M (2023) Heart disease prediction based on pre-trained deep neural networks combined with principal component analysis. Biomed Signal Proces 79: 104019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2022.104019
    [194] Doshi R, Hiran K, Prakash B, et al. (2023) Deep belief network-based image processing for local directional segmentation in brain tumor detection. J Electr Imag 32: 062502. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JEI.32.6.062502
    [195] Hu X, Zhang P, Ban Y (2023) Large-scale burn severity mapping in multispectral imagery using deep semantic segmentation models. ISPRS J Photogramm 196: 228-240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2022.12.026
    [196] Ogundepo E, Yahya W (2023) Performance analysis of supervised classification models on heart disease prediction. Innov Syst Softw Eng 19: 129-144. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11334-022-00524-9
    [197] Minda A, Ganesan V (2023) A Review on Optimal Deep Learning Based Prediction Model for Multi Disease Prediction. Smart Technologies In Data Science And Communication: Proceedings Of SMART-DSC 2022 Singapore-Springer.
    [198] Raheja N, Manocha A (2023) An IoT enabled secured clinical health care framework for diagnosis of heart diseases. Biomed Signal Proces 80: 104368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2022.104368
    [199] Sengar N, Joshi R, Dutta M, et al. (2023) EyeDeep-Net: a multi-class diagnosis of retinal diseases using deep neural network. Neural Comput Appl 35: 10551-10571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-08249-x
    [200] Uzun Ozsahin D, Mustapha M, Uzun B, et al. (2023) Computer-Aided Detection and Classification of Monkeypox and Chickenpox Lesion in Human Subjects Using Deep Learning Framework. Diagnostics 13: 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13020292
    [201] Jagadeesha N, Trisal A, Tiwar V Skin Tone Assessment Using Hyperspectral Reconstruction from RGB Image. 2023 15th International Conference On COMmunication Systems & NETworkS (COMSNETS); c2023 : p. 125-128.
    [202] Balaha H, Hassan A (2023) Skin cancer diagnosis based on deep transfer learning and sparrow search algorithm. Neural Comput Appl 35: 815-853. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07762-9
    [203] Bordoloi D, Singh V, Kaliyaperumal K, et al. (2023) Classification and detection of skin disease based on machine learning and image processing evolutionary models. Comput Assist Methods Eng Sci 30: 247-256.
    [204] Dileep P, Rao K, Bodapati P, et al. (2023) An automatic heart disease prediction using cluster-based bi-directional LSTM (C-BiLSTM) algorithm. Neural Comput Appl 35: 7253-7266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-022-07064-0
    [205] Suha S, Sanam T A Machine Learning Approach for Predicting Patient's Length of Hospital Stay with Random Forest Regression. 2022 IEEE Region 10 Symposium (TENSYMP); c2022 : p. 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1109/TENSYMP54529.2022.9864447
    [206] Kundu D, Siddiqi U, Rahman M Vision transformer based deep learning model for monkeypox detection. 2022 25th International Conference On Computer And Information Technology (ICCIT); c2022 : p. 1021-1026.
    [207] Rahman M, Kundu D, Suha S, et al. (2022) Hospital patients' length of stay prediction: A federated learning approach. J King Saud Univ-Com 34: 7874-7884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksuci.2022.07.006
    [208] Suha S, Sanam T (2022) A deep convolutional neural network-based approach for detecting burn severity from skin burn images. Mach Learn Appl 9: 100371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mlwa.2022.100371
    [209] Solanki R, Rajawat A, Gadekar A, et al. (2023) Building a Conversational Chatbot Using Machine Learning: Towards a More Intelligent Healthcare Application. Handbook Of Research On Instructional Technologies In Health Education And Allied Disciplines. USA: IGI Global 285-309.
    [210] Chen P, Wu T, Wang P, et al. (2023) Pancreatic cancer detection on CT scans with deep learning: a nationwide population-based study. Radiology 306: 172-182. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.220152
    [211] Siar M, Teshnehlab M Brain tumor detection using deep neural network and machine learning algorithm. 2019 9th International Conference On Computer And Knowledge Engineering (ICCKE); c2019 : p. 363-368.
    [212] Awotunde J, Panigrahi R, Khandelwal B, et al. (2023) Breast cancer diagnosis based on hybrid rule-based feature selection with deep learning algorithm. Res Biomed Eng 39: 115-127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42600-022-00255-7
    [213] Özdil A, Yilmaz B (2023) Medical infrared thermal image based fatty liver classification using machine and deep learning. Quant Infr Therm J : 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/17686733.2022.2158678
    [214] Qadri S, Lin H, Shen L, et al. (2023) Others CT-Based Automatic Spine Segmentation Using Patch-Based Deep Learning. Int J Intell Syst 2023: 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/2345835
    [215] Parihar A, Sharma S Application of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in for diagnosis in Medical learning. (2022,2) (2022).
    [216] Bhardwaj A, Singh S, Joshi D (2023) Explainable Deep Convolutional Neural Network for Valvular Heart Diseases Classification using PCG signals. IEEE T Instrum Meas 72: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2023.3274174
    [217] Tasin I, Nabil T, Islam S, et al. (2023) Diabetes prediction using machine learning and explainable AI techniques. Healthcare Tech Lett 10: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1049/htl2.12039
    [218] Tasnim N, Al Mamun S, Shahidul Islam M, et al. (2023) Explainable Mortality Prediction Model for Congestive Heart Failure with Nature-Based Feature Selection Method. Appl Sci 13: 6138. https://doi.org/10.3390/app13106138
    [219] Nancy A, Ravindran D, Raj Vincent P, et al. (2022) Iot-cloud-based smart healthcare monitoring system for heart disease prediction via deep learning. Electron 11: 2292. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11152292
    [220] Rieke N, Hancox J, Li W, et al. (2020) Others The future of digital health with federated learning. NPJ Digit Med 3: 119. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-020-00323-1
    [221] Rahman A, Hasan K, Kundu D, et al. (2023) On the ICN-IoT with federated learning integration of communication: Concepts, security-privacy issues, applications, and future perspectives. Future Gener Comp Sy 138: 61-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2022.08.004
    [222] Rahman A, Nasir M, Rahman Z, et al. (2020) DistBlockBuilding: A Distributed Blockchain-Based SDN-IoT Network for Smart Building Management. IEEE Access 8: 140008-140018. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.3012435
    [223] Villarreal E, Garcıa-Alonso J, Moguel E, et al. (2023) Blockchain for healthcare management systems: a survey on interoperability and security. IEEE Access 11: 5629-5652. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3236505
    [224] Rahman A, Islam M, Karim M, Kundu D An Intelligent Vaccine Distribution Process in COVID-19 Pandemic through Blockchain-SDN Framework from Bangladesh Perspective. 2021 International Conference On Electronics, Communications And Information Technology (ICECIT); c2021 : p. 1-4.
    [225] Imam R, Huzaifa M, Azz M (2023) On enhancing the robustness of Vision Transformers: Defensive Diffusion. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2305.08031 .
    [226] Faisal M, Siddiqua H, Islam M An SDN-based Secure Model for IoT Network in Smart Building. 2022 4th International Conference On Sustainable Technologies For Industry 4.0 (STI); c2022 : p. 1-6.
    [227] Tang C, Vishwakarma S, Li W Augmenting experimental data with simulations to improve activity classification in healthcare monitoring. 2021 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf21); c2021 : p. 1-6.
    [228] Rahman A, Rahman M, Kundu D, et al. (2021) Study on IoT for SARS-CoV-2 with healthcare:present and future perspective. Math Biosci Eng 18: 9697-9726. https://doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2021475
    [229] Yang Z, Li Y, Zhou G (2023) TS-GAN: Time-series GAN for Sensor-based Health Data Augmentation. ACM Trans Comput Healthcare 4: 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1145/3583593
    [230] Rahman A, Hasan K, Jeong S An Enhanced Security Architecture for Industry 4.0 Applications based on Software-Defined Networking. 2022 13th International Conference On Information And Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC); c2022 : p. 2127-2130.
  • Reader Comments
  • © 2024 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
  • 1. 

    沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

  1. 本站搜索
  2. 百度学术搜索
  3. 万方数据库搜索
  4. CNKI搜索

Metrics

Article views(3419) PDF downloads(404) Cited by(14)

Article outline

Figures and Tables

Figures(15)  /  Tables(7)

/

DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
Return
Return

Catalog