Mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegeneration: from cell death to energetic states

Mireille Khacho; Ruth S. Slack; Mireille Khacho; Ruth S. Slack

doi:10.3934/molsci.2015.2.161

AIMS Molecular Science

2015, Volume 2, Issue 2: 161-174. doi: 10.3934/molsci.2015.2.161

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Review Special Issues

Mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegeneration: from cell death to energetic states

Mireille Khacho ,
Ruth S. Slack ^,

Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8M5, Canada

Received: 17 March 2015 Accepted: 04 May 2015 Published: 08 May 2015

From Parkinson's disease to an ischemic stroke, a consistently reoccurring theme in the context of neuronal degeneration is the dysfunction of mitochondria as the underlying factor. Insight into the mechanistic basis for mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders has allowed the theme of mitochondrial dynamics to be highlighted as a central player. The precise balance of mitochondrial dynamics is among the most critical features for the juxtaposed processes of cell death and survival. More recently, studies have allowed mitochondrial shape to emerge as a key regulator of respiratory efficiency that can enforce the bioenergetic status of cells and thereby determine cell fate. Here we review the most current advances that provide an explanation for the long-standing question of how mitochondrial shape can impact cellular metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegenerative disorders.
- mitochondrial dynamics,
- cristae architecture,
- bioenergetics,
- ATP production,
- cell survival,
- neurodegeneration
Citation: Mireille Khacho, Ruth S. Slack. Mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegeneration: from cell death to energetic states[J]. AIMS Molecular Science, 2015, 2(2): 161-174. doi: 10.3934/molsci.2015.2.161

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Abstract

From Parkinson's disease to an ischemic stroke, a consistently reoccurring theme in the context of neuronal degeneration is the dysfunction of mitochondria as the underlying factor. Insight into the mechanistic basis for mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative disorders has allowed the theme of mitochondrial dynamics to be highlighted as a central player. The precise balance of mitochondrial dynamics is among the most critical features for the juxtaposed processes of cell death and survival. More recently, studies have allowed mitochondrial shape to emerge as a key regulator of respiratory efficiency that can enforce the bioenergetic status of cells and thereby determine cell fate. Here we review the most current advances that provide an explanation for the long-standing question of how mitochondrial shape can impact cellular metabolism. Furthermore, we discuss the implications of an imbalance in mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegenerative disorders.

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