Type I CRISPR-Cas-mediated microbial gene editing and regulation

Zeling Xu; Shuzhen Chen; Weiyan Wu; Yongqi Wen; Huiluo Cao; Zeling Xu; Shuzhen Chen; Weiyan Wu; Yongqi Wen; Huiluo Cao

doi:10.3934/microbiol.2023040

AIMS Microbiology

2023, Volume 9, Issue 4: 780-800. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2023040

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Review

Type I CRISPR-Cas-mediated microbial gene editing and regulation

1.
Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
2.
Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Received: 10 September 2023 Revised: 03 December 2023 Accepted: 11 December 2023 Published: 18 December 2023

There are six major types of CRISPR-Cas systems that provide adaptive immunity in bacteria and archaea against invasive genetic elements. The discovery of CRISPR-Cas systems has revolutionized the field of genetics in many organisms. In the past few years, exploitations of the most abundant class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas systems have revealed their great potential and distinct advantages to achieve gene editing and regulation in diverse microorganisms in spite of their complicated structures. The widespread and diversified type I CRISPR-Cas systems are becoming increasingly attractive for the development of new biotechnological tools, especially in genetically recalcitrant microbial strains. In this review article, we comprehensively summarize recent advancements in microbial gene editing and regulation by utilizing type I CRISPR-Cas systems. Importantly, to expand the microbial host range of type I CRISPR-Cas-based applications, these structurally complicated systems have been improved as transferable gene-editing tools with efficient delivery methods for stable expression of CRISPR-Cas elements, as well as convenient gene-regulation tools with the prevention of DNA cleavage by obviating deletion or mutation of the Cas3 nuclease. We envision that type I CRISPR-Cas systems will largely expand the biotechnological toolbox for microbes with medical, environmental and industrial importance.
- CRISPR-Cas,
- Cascade,
- gene editing,
- gene repression,
- gene activation,
- anti-CRISPR
Citation: Zeling Xu, Shuzhen Chen, Weiyan Wu, Yongqi Wen, Huiluo Cao. Type I CRISPR-Cas-mediated microbial gene editing and regulation[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2023, 9(4): 780-800. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2023040

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Abstract

There are six major types of CRISPR-Cas systems that provide adaptive immunity in bacteria and archaea against invasive genetic elements. The discovery of CRISPR-Cas systems has revolutionized the field of genetics in many organisms. In the past few years, exploitations of the most abundant class 1 type I CRISPR-Cas systems have revealed their great potential and distinct advantages to achieve gene editing and regulation in diverse microorganisms in spite of their complicated structures. The widespread and diversified type I CRISPR-Cas systems are becoming increasingly attractive for the development of new biotechnological tools, especially in genetically recalcitrant microbial strains. In this review article, we comprehensively summarize recent advancements in microbial gene editing and regulation by utilizing type I CRISPR-Cas systems. Importantly, to expand the microbial host range of type I CRISPR-Cas-based applications, these structurally complicated systems have been improved as transferable gene-editing tools with efficient delivery methods for stable expression of CRISPR-Cas elements, as well as convenient gene-regulation tools with the prevention of DNA cleavage by obviating deletion or mutation of the Cas3 nuclease. We envision that type I CRISPR-Cas systems will largely expand the biotechnological toolbox for microbes with medical, environmental and industrial importance.

Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 32100020 and 32370188), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No. 2022A1515010194 and 2023A1515012775) and the Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No. 202201010613)

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Author contributions

Z. X. conceptualized the review topic, and S. C., W. W. and Y. W. performed the literature search. S. C. drafted the manuscript, and Z. X. and H. C. revised the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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