Bioactive compounds by microalgae and potentials for the management of some human disease conditions

Chijioke Nwoye Eze; Chukwu Kenechi Onyejiaka; Stella Amarachi Ihim; Thecla Okeahunwa Ayoka; Chiugo Claret Aduba; Johnson k. Ndukwe; Ogueri Nwaiwu; Helen Onyeaka; Chijioke Nwoye Eze; Chukwu Kenechi Onyejiaka; Stella Amarachi Ihim; Thecla Okeahunwa Ayoka; Chiugo Claret Aduba; Johnson k. Ndukwe; Ogueri Nwaiwu; Helen Onyeaka

doi:10.3934/microbiol.2023004

AIMS Microbiology

2023, Volume 9, Issue 1: 55-74. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2023004

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Review

Bioactive compounds by microalgae and potentials for the management of some human disease conditions

1.
Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria Nsukka
2.
Department of Microbiology, University of Nigeria Nsukka
3.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, University of Nigeria Nsukka
4.
Department of Biochemistry, University of Nigeria Nsukka
5.
UNESCO International Centre for Biotechnology, University of Nigeria Nsukka
6.
School of Chemical Engineering, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom

Received: 09 November 2022 Revised: 18 January 2023 Accepted: 31 January 2023 Published: 07 February 2023

Microalgae biomasses are excellent sources of diverse bioactive compounds such as lipids, polysaccharides, carotenoids, vitamins, phenolics and phycobiliproteins. Large-scale production of these bioactive substances would require microalgae cultivation either in open-culture systems or closed-culture systems. Some of these bioactive compounds (such as polysaccharides, phycobiliproteins and lipids) are produced during their active growth phase. They appear to have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidative, anticancer, neuroprotective and chemo-preventive activities. These properties confer on microalgae the potential for use in the treatment and/or management of several neurologic and cell dysfunction-related disease conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), AIDS and COVID-19, as shown in this review. Although several health benefits have been highlighted, there appears to be a consensus in the literature that the field of microalgae is still fledgling, and more research needs to be carried out to ascertain the mechanisms of action that underpin the effectiveness of microalgal compounds. In this review, two biosynthetic pathways were modeled to help elucidate the mode of action of the bioactive compounds from microalgae and their products. These are carotenoid and phycobilin proteins biosynthetic pathways. The education of the public on the importance of microalgae backed with empirical scientific evidence will go a long way to ensure that the benefits from research investigations are quickly rolled out. The potential application of these microalgae to some human disease conditions was highlighted.
- active compounds,
- carotenoids,
- Alzheimer's disease,
- oxidative stress
Citation: Chijioke Nwoye Eze, Chukwu Kenechi Onyejiaka, Stella Amarachi Ihim, Thecla Okeahunwa Ayoka, Chiugo Claret Aduba, Johnson k. Ndukwe, Ogueri Nwaiwu, Helen Onyeaka. Bioactive compounds by microalgae and potentials for the management of some human disease conditions[J]. AIMS Microbiology, 2023, 9(1): 55-74. doi: 10.3934/microbiol.2023004

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Abstract

Microalgae biomasses are excellent sources of diverse bioactive compounds such as lipids, polysaccharides, carotenoids, vitamins, phenolics and phycobiliproteins. Large-scale production of these bioactive substances would require microalgae cultivation either in open-culture systems or closed-culture systems. Some of these bioactive compounds (such as polysaccharides, phycobiliproteins and lipids) are produced during their active growth phase. They appear to have antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, antioxidative, anticancer, neuroprotective and chemo-preventive activities. These properties confer on microalgae the potential for use in the treatment and/or management of several neurologic and cell dysfunction-related disease conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), AIDS and COVID-19, as shown in this review. Although several health benefits have been highlighted, there appears to be a consensus in the literature that the field of microalgae is still fledgling, and more research needs to be carried out to ascertain the mechanisms of action that underpin the effectiveness of microalgal compounds. In this review, two biosynthetic pathways were modeled to help elucidate the mode of action of the bioactive compounds from microalgae and their products. These are carotenoid and phycobilin proteins biosynthetic pathways. The education of the public on the importance of microalgae backed with empirical scientific evidence will go a long way to ensure that the benefits from research investigations are quickly rolled out. The potential application of these microalgae to some human disease conditions was highlighted.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Author contributions

CNE: writing; CKO: writing; SAI: writing; TOA: writing; CCA: writing and editing; JKN: writing and editing; ON: supervision and editing; HO: review and analysis of the final draft.

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