Ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) rubber/borax composite: kinetic thermal studies

Alaa Ebrahiem; Sobhy S Ibrahim; Ahmed M El-Khaib; Ahmed S Doma; Alaa Ebrahiem; Sobhy S Ibrahim; Ahmed M El-Khaib; Ahmed S Doma

doi:10.3934/matersci.2023031

AIMS Materials Science

2023, Volume 10, Issue 4: 556-574. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2023031

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Research article

Ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) rubber/borax composite: kinetic thermal studies

1.
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
2.
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt
3.
Advanced Technology and New Materials Research Institute (ATNMRI), City of Scientiﬁc Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg Al-Arab City, 21934 Alexandria, Egypt

Received: 13 May 2023 Revised: 15 June 2023 Accepted: 25 June 2023 Published: 21 July 2023

This research studies the effect of borax on the thermal stability and thermal kinetic behavior of ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) rubber composites. Using a laboratory two-roll mill at room temperature, carbon-black (N-220) as filler, and other additives such as zinc oxide, stearic acid, and paraffin oil were incorporated into the EPDM rubber matrix. The composite was prepared at different borax concentrations (25 and 50 phr). Thermogravimetric analysis was performed to characterize borax's effect onthermal stability before and after borax addition. Added borax to the host composite rubber (EPDM composite without borax) significantly improved the composite's thermal stability. Borax-loaded composites behave differently at various temperatures. To investigate the kinetic-thermal analysis of the prepared samples, three different models were applied. The activation energy (Ea) and frequency factors (A) for the Horowitz-Metzger, Broido and Coats-Redfern models were calculated. These models were compared and discussed based on their results. First-order decomposition also represented the main decomposition stage. Kraus and Cunnen-Russel models were used to test the interaction between rubber and borax based on previously published swelling results. No interaction was found between rubber and borax.
- EPDM,
- rubber composite,
- thermal stability,
- kinetic thermal analysis,
- borax,
- kinetic models,
- Horowitz-Metzger,
- Broido model,
- Coats-Redfern
Citation: Alaa Ebrahiem, Sobhy S Ibrahim, Ahmed M El-Khaib, Ahmed S Doma. Ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) rubber/borax composite: kinetic thermal studies[J]. AIMS Materials Science, 2023, 10(4): 556-574. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2023031

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Abstract

This research studies the effect of borax on the thermal stability and thermal kinetic behavior of ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) rubber composites. Using a laboratory two-roll mill at room temperature, carbon-black (N-220) as filler, and other additives such as zinc oxide, stearic acid, and paraffin oil were incorporated into the EPDM rubber matrix. The composite was prepared at different borax concentrations (25 and 50 phr). Thermogravimetric analysis was performed to characterize borax's effect onthermal stability before and after borax addition. Added borax to the host composite rubber (EPDM composite without borax) significantly improved the composite's thermal stability. Borax-loaded composites behave differently at various temperatures. To investigate the kinetic-thermal analysis of the prepared samples, three different models were applied. The activation energy (Ea) and frequency factors (A) for the Horowitz-Metzger, Broido and Coats-Redfern models were calculated. These models were compared and discussed based on their results. First-order decomposition also represented the main decomposition stage. Kraus and Cunnen-Russel models were used to test the interaction between rubber and borax based on previously published swelling results. No interaction was found between rubber and borax.

References

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