This study deals with the development of a printable composite material based on a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) matrix and carbonyl iron (Fe) particles, with controlled electromagnetic performance. More specifically, materials were simultaneous melt mixed and shaped under the form of filament with a diameter suitable for Fused Deposition Modeling. After reminding the potentialities of the printable PPS matrix, especially in terms of temperature resistance, microwave characterizations were performed on toroidal samples. The measured electromagnetic properties were compatible with absorption applications and compared to those of a commercial iron-filled PolyLactic Acid (PLA). Rectangular waveguide microwave loads were designed and fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling with both materials. The PPS-Fe load has a volume that is 7 times lower than the PLA-Fe load due to a higher permittivity-permeability product and losses. Heat treatments demonstrated that no degradation is observed for the PPS-Fe load up to 180 ℃ while the PLA-Fe load is totally melted at 150 ℃. In the same time, it was observed that the maximum power supported by the PPS-Fe load is three times higher than the one supported by the PLA-Fe load. Finally, the temperature stability of the electromagnetic response of the PPS-Fe composite was demonstrated by measurements in the −70 ℃ to 140 ℃ temperature range. This new high temperature printable composite paves the way to the development of efficient, low-cost, low-weight, power and temperature stable absorbers for microwave applications.
Citation: Leticia Martinez, Den Palessonga, Philippe Roquefort, Alexis Chevalier, Azar Maalouf, Julien Ville, Vincent Laur. Development of a high temperature printable composite for microwave absorption applications[J]. AIMS Materials Science, 2021, 8(5): 739-747. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2021044
This study deals with the development of a printable composite material based on a polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) matrix and carbonyl iron (Fe) particles, with controlled electromagnetic performance. More specifically, materials were simultaneous melt mixed and shaped under the form of filament with a diameter suitable for Fused Deposition Modeling. After reminding the potentialities of the printable PPS matrix, especially in terms of temperature resistance, microwave characterizations were performed on toroidal samples. The measured electromagnetic properties were compatible with absorption applications and compared to those of a commercial iron-filled PolyLactic Acid (PLA). Rectangular waveguide microwave loads were designed and fabricated by Fused Deposition Modeling with both materials. The PPS-Fe load has a volume that is 7 times lower than the PLA-Fe load due to a higher permittivity-permeability product and losses. Heat treatments demonstrated that no degradation is observed for the PPS-Fe load up to 180 ℃ while the PLA-Fe load is totally melted at 150 ℃. In the same time, it was observed that the maximum power supported by the PPS-Fe load is three times higher than the one supported by the PLA-Fe load. Finally, the temperature stability of the electromagnetic response of the PPS-Fe composite was demonstrated by measurements in the −70 ℃ to 140 ℃ temperature range. This new high temperature printable composite paves the way to the development of efficient, low-cost, low-weight, power and temperature stable absorbers for microwave applications.
| [1] | Chaidas D, Kechagias JD (2021) An investigation of PLA/W parts quality fabricated by FFF. Mater Manuf Process 1-9. |
| [2] |
Spoerk M, Gonzalez-Gutierrez J, Sapkota J, et al. (2018) Effect of the printing bed temperature on the adhesion of parts produced by fused filament fabrication. Plast Rubber Compos 47: 17-24. doi: 10.1080/14658011.2017.1399531
|
| [3] |
Mohan N, Senthil P, Vinodh S, et al. (2017) A review on composite materials and process parameters optimisation for the fused deposition modelling process. Virtual Phys Prototy 12: 47-59. doi: 10.1080/17452759.2016.1274490
|
| [4] | López AV, Rojas-Nastrucci EA, Córdoba-Erazo M, et al. (2015) Ka-band characterization and RF design of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). In To be presented in Microwave Symposium (IMS). |
| [5] | Tomassoni C, Bahr R, Tentzeris M, et al. (2016) 3D printed substrate integrated waveguide filters with locally controlled dielectric permittivity. 2016 46th European Microwave Conference (EuMC) 253-256. |
| [6] |
Lai W, Wang Y, He J (2020) Electromagnetic wave absorption properties of structural conductive ABS fabricated by fused deposition modeling. Polymers 12: 1217. doi: 10.3390/polym12061217
|
| [7] | Kjelgard KG, Wisland DT, Lande TS (2018) 3D printed wideband microwave absorbers using composite graphite/PLA filament. 2018 48th European Microwave Conference (EuMC) 859-862. |
| [8] |
Ren J, Yin JY (2018) 3D-printed low-cost dielectric-resonator-based ultra-broadband microwave absorber using carbon-loaded acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer. Materials 11: 1249. doi: 10.3390/ma11071249
|
| [9] |
Laur V, Maalouf A, Chevalier A, et al. (2021) Three-dimensional printing of honeycomb microwave absorbers: Feasibility and innovative multiscale topologies. IEEE T Electromagn C 63: 390-397. doi: 10.1109/TEMC.2020.3006328
|
| [10] | Lleshi X, Grelot R, Van Hoang TQ, et al. (2019) Wideband metal-dielectric multilayer microwave absorber based on a single step FDM process. 2019 49th European Microwave Conference (EuMC) 678-681. |
| [11] |
Arbaoui Y, Laur V, Maalouf A, et al. (2015) Full 3-D printed microwave termination: A simple and low-cost solution. IEEE T Microw Theory 64: 271-278. doi: 10.1109/TMTT.2015.2504477
|
| [12] | Arbaoui Y, Laur V, Maalouf A, et al. (2015) 3D printing for microwave: Materials characterization and application in the field of absorbers. 2015 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium 1-3. |
| [13] |
Arbaoui Y, Agaciak P, Chevalier A, et al. (2017) 3D printed ferromagnetic composites for microwave applications. J Mater Sci 52: 4988-4996. doi: 10.1007/s10853-016-0737-3
|
| [14] | Omnexus, Glass Transition Temperature. Available from: https://omnexus.specialchem.com/polymer-properties/properties/glass-transition-temperature#values. |
| [15] | Wong KV, Hernandez A (2012) A review of additive manufacturing. ISRN Mech Eng 1: 1-10. |
| [16] |
Wang X, Jiang M, Zhou Z, et al. (2017) 3D printing of polymer matrix composites: A review and prospective. Compos Part B-Eng 110: 442-458. doi: 10.1016/j.compositesb.2016.11.034
|
| [17] |
Espalin D, Muse DW, MacDonald E, et al. (2014) 3D printing multifunctionality: Structures with electronics. Int J Adv Manuf Tech 72: 963-978. doi: 10.1007/s00170-014-5717-7
|
| [18] | Sun XY, Cao LC, Ma HL, et al. (2017) Experimental analysis of high temperature PEEK materials on 3D printing test. 2017 9th International conference on measuring technology and mechatronics automation (ICMTMA) 13-16. |
| [19] | Laur V, Abboud MK, Maalouf A (2018) Heat-resistant 3D printed microwave devices. 2018 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference (APMC) 1318-1320. |
Figures(7) / Tables(2)
Leticia Martinez, Den Palessonga, Philippe Roquefort, Alexis Chevalier, Azar Maalouf, Julien Ville, Vincent Laur. Development of a high temperature printable composite for microwave absorption applications[J]. AIMS Materials Science, 2021, 8(5): 739-747. doi: 10.3934/matersci.2021044
DownLoad: